scholarly journals Rats Genetically Selected for High Aerobic Exercise Capacity Have Elevated Plasma Bilirubin by Upregulation of Hepatic Biliverdin Reductase-A (BVRA) and Suppression of UGT1A1

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Hinds ◽  
Justin F. Creeden ◽  
Darren M. Gordon ◽  
Adam C. Spegele ◽  
Steven L. Britton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Biliverdin Reductase ◽  
Plasma Bilirubin

Exercise in humans and animals increases plasma bilirubin levels, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. In the present study, we utilized rats genetically selected for high capacity running (HCR) and low capacity running (LCR) to determine pathways in the liver that aerobic exercise modifies to control plasma bilirubin. The HCR rats, compared to the LCR, exhibited significantly higher levels of plasma bilirubin and the hepatic enzyme that produces it, biliverdin reductase-A (BVRA). The HCR also had reduced expression of the glucuronyl hepatic enzyme UGT1A1, which lowers plasma bilirubin. Recently, bilirubin has been shown to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), a ligand-induced transcription factor, and the higher bilirubin HCR rats had significantly increased PPARα-target genes Fgf21, Abcd3, and Gys2. These are known to promote liver function and glycogen storage, which we found by Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining that hepatic glycogen content was higher in the HCR versus the LCR. Our results demonstrate that exercise stimulates pathways that raise plasma bilirubin through alterations in hepatic enzymes involved in bilirubin synthesis and metabolism, improving liver function, and glycogen content. These mechanisms may explain the beneficial effects of exercise on plasma bilirubin levels and health in humans.

scholarly journals O67: PERFUSATE GLUCOSE REFLECTS TISSUE GLYCOGENATION DURING LIVER PERFUSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Matthews ◽  
E Irwin ◽  
P Ezuma ◽  
I Ibrahim ◽  
L Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Liver Graft ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Synthetic Function ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Introduction Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is a method of organ preservation that aims to replicate the physiological environment, achieved by perfusing the livers with a blood-based perfusate at physiological inflow pressures and temperature. NMP also permits viability assessment through evaluation of the perfusate flow rates through the portal vein and hepatic artery. In addition to this, biochemical assessment and perfusate gas analysis can be performed to provide insights into the metabolic activity of the liver. Method Discarded human liver grafts (n=6), were perfused for 24 hours. Core biopsies and perfusate samples were taken from each liver at 5 distinct time intervals over 24 hours. Core biopsies were fixed and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and analysed with Leica software to provide a quantitative estimate of the hepatocellular glycogen content. Result Hepatic glycogen concentration rose during the first hour, followed by a steady decline thereafter until the end of perfusion. Contrary to our initial hypothesis that glucose concentration within the circuit would show an inverse relationship to glycogen stores in the liver cells, we found that glucose concentration closely followed the same trend. Conclusion Change in hepatocyte glycogen content provides an important insight into the synthetic function of a liver destined for transplant. Our research suggests that glucose concentration can be used as a surrogate marker for the synthetic function of a liver on NMP and provides valuable information on the glycogen-synthesising capability of the hepatocytes. In future, this could potentially aid the decision-making process with regards to liver graft transplant viability. Take-home message Perfusate glucose concentration could provide an insight into the viability of liver transplants

Is Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Involved in Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in the Fetal Mouse?

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
Joanette S. Breslin ◽  
Robert R. Cardell
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Glycogen Deposition ◽  
Glycogen Particles

Considerable evidence suggests that hepatic smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) functions in both glycogen deposition and depletion and is closely associated with glycogen particles during both processes in the adult rodent liver. In this study we have investigated the time course of hepatic glycogen deposition and examined the association of SER with glycogen particles during fetal glycogen synthesis, i.e., from day 15 to day 19 of gestation (plug day = day 1).Livers were removed from fetal ICR mice and processed for either light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) or biochemical determination of glycogen. Biochemical analysis of glycogen concentrations in each liver revealed an average of 0.1% glycogen in day 15 and day 16 fetal livers, 0.6% in those from day 17, 2.0% on day 18 and nearly 5.0% by day 19. Light microscopic analysis of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stained semi-thin (1.0μm) sections confirmed the presence of increasing amounts of glycogen beginning on day 16 and reaching a maximum on day 19 of gestation.

Circadian rhythm of glycogen in the hamster diaphragm

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Darlene Reid ◽  
Cheryl L. Cairns ◽  
Frank Chung ◽  
Barry R. Wiggs ◽  
Angelo N. Belcastro
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Left Hemidiaphragm ◽  
The Right ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Good Animal Model

The purpose of this study was to determine the diurnal fluctuation of glycogen stores for the whole hemidiaphragm and within a specific myofibrillar ATPase (M-ATPase) fibre type and diaphragmatic region. Fifty-six golden Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into six groups according to the time of sampling biopsies from the diaphragm: 03:00, 07:00, 11:00, 15:00, 19:00, and 23:00. The right hemidiaphragm was quick frozen and biochemically assayed for glycogen levels. Biopsies from the left hemidiaphragm of the same animal were cut from the anterior costal and crural regions, and stained with periodic acid – Schiff (PAS) and for M-ATPase. Optical density measures of PAS-stained fibres were determined to quantitate glycogen in different M-ATPase fibre types and diaphragmatic regions. Biochemical assay of the entire hemidiaphragm showed slightly greater glycogen content of biopsies taken at 11:00 and 15:00 than at 03:00, 19:00, and 23.00 (range of differences: 6.4–10.0%). However, glycogen levels within a specific M-ATPase fibre type and diaphragm region were not different in biopsies sampled at different times. Because the hamster has a small diurnal variation of glycogen in the diaphragm, which is similar to the small diurnal variation of glycogen in human skeletal muscle, this species may be a good animal model for metabolic studies of the diaphragm that could be affected by diurnal glycogen variability.Key words: periodic acid – Schiff, costal region, crural region, fibre type.

scholarly journals Incidence of Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy: Necropsy Study of 225 Horses

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Valentine ◽  
B. J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Routine Manner ◽  
Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Myopathic Change ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Myopathic Changes

Muscle samples were obtained at necropsy from 225 horses and ponies 1 year of age or older. Samples were processed in routine manner and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with periodic acid-Schiff for glycogen. Sections were examined for abnormal glycogen content and amylase- resistant complex polysaccharide and for chronic myopathic change (excessive fiber size variation, increase in number of internal nuclei). A total of 101 horses and ponies with lesions of polysaccharide storage myopathy were identified. Age of affected horses ranged from one to 30 years, with a mean of 14.7 years. Mean age of nonaffected horses was 12 years. Incidence of polysaccharide storage myopathy varied depending on breed; Thoroughbreds had the lowest (27%) and draft-related horses had the highest (86%) incidence. Chronic myopathic changes were more severe in polysaccharide storage myopathy-affected horses than in nonaffected horses. Results of this study indicate that polysaccharide storage myopathy is a common disorder of many breeds of horses and ponies.

Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor roxadustat (FG-4592) protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
pp. 825-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunwen Yang ◽  
Xiaowen Yu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Guixia Ding ◽  
Chunhua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Kidney Morphology

Renal hypoxia occurs in acute kidney injury (AKI) of various etiologies. Activation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) has been identified as an important mechanism of cellular adaptation to low oxygen. Preconditional HIF activation protects against AKI, suggesting a new approach in AKI treatment. HIF is degraded under normoxic conditions mediated by oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of specific prolyl residues of the regulative α-subunits by HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHD). FG-4592 is a novel, orally active, small-molecule HIF PHD inhibitor for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of FG-4592 (Roxadustat) on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin)-induced kidney injury. In mice, pretreatment with FG-4592 markedly ameliorated cisplatin-induced kidney injury as shown by the improved renal function (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and cystatin C) and kidney morphology (periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining) in line with a robust blockade of renal tubular injury markers of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Meanwhile, the renal apoptosis and inflammation induced by cisplatin were also strikingly attenuated in FG-4592-treated mice. Along with the protective effects shown above, FG-4592 pretreatment strongly enhanced HIF-1α in tubular cells, as well as the expressions of HIF target genes. FG-4592 alone did not affect the renal function and morphology in mice. In vitro, FG-4592 treatment significantly up-regulated HIF-1α and protected the tubular cells against cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In summary, FG-4592 treatment remarkably ameliorated the cisplatin-induced kidney injury possibly through the stabilization of HIF. Thus, besides the role in treating CKD anemia, the clinical use of FG-4592 also could be extended to AKI.

A STUDY OF THE LOCALIZATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF GLYCOGEN IN EARLY STAGES OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. McCallion ◽  
Wai Tuen Wong
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Process Stage ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Schiff Reagent ◽  
Early Developmental

The localization and distribution of glycogen in the germ layers of chick embryos at stages 4, 5, and 6 (Lillie and Hamilton, 1952) was studied by means of the periodic acid – Schiff reagent as used by McManus (1948). In general the glycogen content of the embryos is greatest in the definitive streak stage, less in the head process stage, and least in the head fold stage. Glycogen is abundant in the ectoderm of embryos at stage 4, with a moderate decrease in stages 5 and 6. Glycogen is scarce or almost absent in the mesoderm and endoderm at all stages. There is a definite relationship between the amounts and distribution of glycogen and early developmental processes.

scholarly journals Massive intestinal resection in rats fed up on glutamine: hepatic glycogen content valuation

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Ariney Costa de Miranda ◽  
Paulo Engler Pinto Jr. ◽  
Sidney Resende Ribeiro ◽  
Samson Henrique Bromberg ◽  
Fábio Pinatel Lopasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Standard Diet

BACKGROUND: Glutamine has been widely used in treatment of small bowel syndrome and its metabolic effects on the small intestine are well known, however, it has been little studied its effects on hepatic metabolism under this condition. AIM: To verify through experimental model, a glutamine based supplemental diet, administered via oral to rats submitted to massive intestinal resection, evaluating weight evolution and hepatic glycogen content. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male rats, Wistar, were allocated into three groups to undergo enterectomy. Following diets were applied: with glutamine (G group), without glutamine (NG group), and standard diet from the laboratory (R group). All animals had massive small intestine resection including ileocecal valve removal. After 20 days, all animals were sacrificed. The liver was removed to histological analysis by light microscopy. Slides were stained by periodic acid of Schiff with diastasis. RESULTS: All animals lost weight from the beginning to the end of experiment. Comparing weight loss average expressed in percentage, there was no difference statistically significant on this variance. In analyzed groups, the hepatic glycogen content did not differ statistically, in the histological method evaluated. CONCLUSION: Glutamine feeding via oral did not influence weight loss reduction of animal submitted to massive intestinal resection and did not stimulate glycogen synthesis and storage into hepatocytes.

Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

Detection of Carriers in Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
G T E Zonneveld ◽  
E F van Leeuwen ◽  
A Sturk ◽  
J W ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Type I ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Glanzmann’S Thrombasthenia ◽  
Aggregation Response ◽  
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Reduced State

SummaryQuantitative glycoprotein (GP) analysis of whole platelets or platelet membranes was performed by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and periodic acid Schiff staining in the families of two unrelated Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) patients. Each family consisted of two symptom free parents, a symptom free daughter and a GT daughter. All symptom free members had a normal bleeding time, clot retraction and platelet aggregation response to adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP), collagen and adrenalin. Platelet Zw* antigen was normally expressed in these subjects. GT patiens, classified as a type I and II subject, showed reduced amounts of GP lib and of GP nia. Analysis of isolated membranes in the non-reduced state, however, showed that the amount of GP Ilia was also reduced in three of the four parents, whereas one parent (of the GT type I patient) and the two unaffected daughters had normal amounts of GP Ilia. Quantitative SDS-PAGE may therefore provide a method for the detection of asymptomatic carriers in GT type I and II.

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