scholarly journals Optimal Manufacturing-Reconditioning Decisions in a Reverse Logistic System under Periodic Mandatory Carbon Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3534
Author(s):  
Sadok Turki ◽  
Soulayma Sahraoui ◽  
Christophe Sauvey ◽  
Nathalie Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Reverse Logistic ◽  
The Impact

Due to environmental concerns, firms are under increasing pressure to comply with legislations and to take up environmental strategies. This leads researchers and firms to develop new sustainable supply chains, where a new area has emerged for a manufacturing and reconditioning system. The originality of this work consists in simultaneously considering carbon emissions strategies, carbon tax and mandatory emission in a manufacturing-reconditioning system. The proposed system is composed of two parallel machines, a manufacturing stock, a reconditioning stock and a recovery inventory. In order to make the proposed green manufacturing system more realistic, it is assumed that manufactured (new products) and reconditioned products are distinguishable. The quantity of worn products (used products) depends on the sales in the previous periods, and the repair periods of the machines are stochastic and independent. The aim of this work is to determine the optimal capacities of manufacturing and reconditioning stocks that maximize the total profit, as well as the optimal value of worn products under two carbon emissions’ limitations. An evolutionary algorithm is developed, along with an efficient improvement method, to find the optimal value of decision variables. Ultimately, numerical results are provided to show the impact of the period of carbon limit and the worn products (returned products) on decision variables.

scholarly journals Optimizing Urban Distribution Routes for Perishable Foods Considering Carbon Emission Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Wang ◽  
Yang ◽  
Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Urban Distribution ◽  
The Impact

The increasing demand for urban distribution increases the number of transportation vehicles which intensifies the congestion of urban traffic and leads to a lot of carbon emissions. This paper focuses on carbon emission reduction in urban distribution, taking perishable foods as the object. It carries out optimization analysis of urban distribution routes to explore the impact of low carbon policy on urban distribution routes planning. On the basis of analysis of the cost components and corresponding constraints of urban distribution, two optimization models of urban distribution routes with and without carbon emissions cost are constructed. Fuel quantity related to cost and carbon emissions in the model is calculated based on traffic speed, vehicle fuel quantity and passable time period of distribution. Then an improved algorithm which combines genetic algorithm and tabu search algorithm is designed to solve models. Moreover, an analysis of the influence of carbon tax price is also carried out. It is concluded that in the process of urban distribution based on the actual network information, path optimization considering the low carbon factor can effectively reduce the distribution process of CO2, and reduce the total cost of the enterprise and society, thus achieving greater social benefits at a lower cost. In addition, the government can encourage low-carbon distribution by rationally adjusting the price of carbon tax to achieve a higher social benefit.

scholarly journals The Impact of Carbon Trade on Outsourcing Remanufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10804
Author(s):  
Xiqiang Xia ◽  
Mengya Li ◽  
Biao Li ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Trade Prices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Outsourcing remanufacturing is an important way to achieve resource recycling, green manufacturing and carbon neutrality goals. To analyze the impact of carbon trade on manufacturing/remanufacturing under outsourcing remanufacturing, this article builds a game model between an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a remanufacturer under the carbon trade policy. In the outsourcing remanufacturing model, this article compares the impact of the carbon trade policy on the unit retail price, sales volume, revenue, environmental impact, and consumer surplus of new and remanufactured products. The research mainly draws the following conclusions: (1) Carbon trade increases the prices of both new and remanufactured products and the cost of outsourcing. Only when certain conditions are met can increased carbon trade prices increase revenue. (2) The carbon trade policy helps reduce the adverse impact on the environment, but only when the carbon trade price is greater than a certain threshold can it increase consumer surplus. (3) Consumer preferences and carbon emissions of the unit product affect manufacturers’ profits. Increased consumer preference for remanufactured products and reduced carbon emissions of remanufactured products contribute to increased sales and revenues.

Research on Modes of Recycling and Remanufacturing with Considering the Carbon Footprint

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 2368-2373
Author(s):  
Yue Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
New Product ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Optimal Price ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Selling Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environment Awareness

Three modes of recycling and remanufacturing are discussed when the carbon tax is imposed, the impact of carbon emissions on the mode of recycling and remanufacturing is further analyzed. The results show that the optimal price and sales of the new product and remanufactured product in the second stage are relevant with the carbon emissions in their manufacturing and selling process, not relevant with the carbon emissions in their recycling process. OEM will be more inclined to remanufacture themselves with the increasing environment awareness of consumers.

Tax Policy to Reduce Carbon Emissions in a Distorted Economy: Illustrations from a South Africa CGE Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantayanan Devarajan ◽  
Delfin S Go ◽  
Sherman Robinson ◽  
Karen Thierfelder
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Noting that developing countries may not have the administrative capacity to levy a “pure” carbon tax, we compare the impact of alternative energy taxes with that of a carbon tax in an economy with multiple distortions. We use a disaggregated computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the South African economy and simulate a range of tax policies that reduce CO2 emissions by 15 percent. Consistent with a “first-best” economy, a carbon tax will have the lowest marginal cost of abatement. But the relationship between a tax on energy commodities and one on pollution-intensive commodities depends critically on other distortions in the system and on structural rigidities in the economy. We demonstrate that if South Africa were able to remove distortions in the labor market, the cost of carbon taxation would be negligible. We conclude that the welfare costs of taxing carbon emissions in developing countries depend more on other distortions than on the country’s own carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Task Scheduling Problem of Double-Deep Multi-Tier Shuttle Warehousing Systems

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Xiangnan Zhan ◽  
Liyun Xu ◽  
Xufeng Ling
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Flow Shop ◽  
Flow Shop Scheduling ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
Free Process ◽  
Warehousing Systems ◽  
The Impact

Double-deep multi-tier shuttle warehousing systems (DMSWS) have been increasingly applied for store-and-retrieval stock-keeping unit tasks, with the advantage of a reduced number of aisles and improved space utilization. Scheduling different devices for retrieval tasks to increase system efficiency is an important concern. In this paper, a Pareto optimization model of task operations based on the cycle time and carbon emissions is presented. The impact of the rearrangement operation is considered in this model. The cycle time model is converted into a flow-shop scheduling model with parallel machines by analyzing the retrieval operation process. Moreover, the carbon emissions of the shuttle in the waiting process, the carbon emissions of the lift during the free process, and the carbon emissions of the retrieval operation are considered in the carbon emissions model, which can help us to evaluate the carbon emissions of the equipment more comprehensively during the entire retrieval task process. The elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is adopted to solve the non-linear multi-objective optimization function. Finally, a real case is adopted to illustrate the findings of this study. The results show that this method can reduce carbon emissions and improve system efficiency. In addition, it also help managers to reduce operational costs and improve the utilization of shuttles.

scholarly journals Impact of the Quality of Returned-Used Products on the Optimal Design of a Manufacturing/Remanufacturing System under Carbon Emissions Constraints

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadok Turki ◽  
Nidhal Rezg
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
The Impact

Due to environmental legislation pressure and the competition between manufacturing firms, a high number of production firms are obliged to collect and remanufacture used products. As a result, firm leaders and academic researchers are devoted to developing and managing new sustainable supply chains. Most of the published works in the literature assume that new and remanufactured products are of the same quality, and that all of the returned-used products are remanufacturable. However, in practice, new products are perceived as being of higher quality than remanufactured ones, and the remanufacturing depends on the quality of the returned-used products. This paper aims to bridge this gap in the literature by providing an optimal design for a manufacturing/remanufacturing system that differentiates between new and remanufactured products and sorts the used products into three quality levels. The objective is to determine the optimal storage capacities and production decisions regarding new and remanufactured products while considering carbon emissions. A model is developed to consider the above issues and determine the total profit. An evolutionary algorithm is developed to find the optimal values regarding store capacities and the remanufacturing periods of new and remanufactured products that maximize the total profit. Numerical results are provided to study the impact of the quantity and quality of returned-used products on the optimal values of store capacities, the remanufacturing periods of new and remanufactured products, and carbon emissions.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF CARBON REGULATION MECHANISMS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
M. M. Balashov
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The European Commission is currently preparing to implement a new form of carbon regulation a cross-border carbon tax. As conceived by the authors, such a decision will force exporters of goods with a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions during production to improve the environmental friendliness of production and, as a result, to reduce their carbon footprint. In addition, the carbon tax will create a competitive advantage for foreign companies with low greenhouse gas emissions. Such a policy of the European Union can seriously affect the economy of the Russian Federation and Russian companies that are export-oriented. Today, all over the world, more and more importance is attached to environmentally neutral technologies and industries. To keep up with the global trend, as well as to maintain the level of competitiveness, the Russian economy needs to adapt. The speed and efficiency of adaptation directly depend on system solutions both at the state level (development of the necessary regulatory legal acts and standards for reporting and disclosure of information) and at the level of enterprises most sensitive to carbon regulation (audit of the carbon footprint, modernization of production facilities, responsible approach to neutralization carbon footprint). The purpose of this work is to study the impact of carbon regulation mechanisms on the development of industry in the Russian Federation, in accordance with it, the following tasks are formed: to describe the mechanisms of carbon regulation, to assess the economic impact on the domestic industry, to consider world practices of confirming the carbon footprint, to identify threats to implementation of the national program “International cooperation and export” from the introduction of carbon regulation.

Climate policy and solutions for green supply chains: Europe’s predicament

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bonilla ◽  
Hartmut Keller ◽  
Juergen Schmiele
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Purpose – This paper aims to measure carbon footprints (CFs) of products at the sectoral levels. The paper also aims to provide potential solutions to adopt greener supply chains to minimise CFs. Design/methodology/approach – The assessment of CFs uses a data set for nine sectors and environmental extended input output tables, as well as other six models. The analysis uses modules for regional economy, freight, logistics and mode choice, among other modules. The output of these modules includes increases or cuts in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions following a shift in supply chains. Findings – The authors identify five supply chains that are closely connected to the growth of CFs. The highest CF is found for the electronics and textiles products. Offshoring manufacturing capacity produces an increase of emissions (production and freight transport sectors) of 42 million tonnes of CO2 emissions, or 12 per cent of the Kyoto target of 341 million tonnes of CO2. Using a different metric to measure emissions, offshoring the same volume of production appears as a reduction in European Union (EU)-wide CO2 emissions. To reduce CO2 emissions, the authors propose a carbon tax on imports, increasing R&D subsidies to industry and freight sectors and on-shoring a greater volume of production into the EU economies, among other measures. Research limitations/implications – This paper only measures CFs at the sectoral level. Further work should include survey data on CFs, longer historical data series and larger set of products for assessment. Another limitation is the lack of analysis of freight transport flows of non-EU regions, (i.e. China and Latin America). Practical implications – The authors propose the following measures: at least five policies to offset offshoring of production, several measures to reduce carbon emissions, propose introducing mandatory audits for CFs and mandatory labelling. This work has implications for carbon taxation of exports and imports in an effort to decarbonise European and global supply chains. Social implications – Social implications include the need to lower personal goods consumption in the EU to minimise the impact of supply chains on carbon emissions; the need to tax exports/imports may have an impact on jobs in the EU, among other effects. Originality/value – This paper is the only study that uses the TRANS-TOOLS model and the only study to measure CFs of products within the context of freight transport flows within the EU. The analysis relies on inputs from several modules that apply data on 24 EU economies.

scholarly journals How to Promote Low-Carbon Economic Development? A Comprehensive Assessment of Carbon Tax Policy in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10699
Author(s):  
Weijiang Liu ◽  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Hai Wei
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Tax Neutrality ◽  
Exploitation And Utilization ◽  
The Impact

Facing the increasingly severe environmental problems, the development of a green and sustainable low-carbon economy has become an international trend. In China, the core issue of low-carbon economic development is effectively resolving the contradiction between the exploitation and utilization of fossil energy and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly carbon emissions). Based on the SAM matrix, we established a static Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate the impact of carbon tax policies on energy consumption, carbon emissions, and macroeconomics variables under 10, 20, and 30% emission reductions. Meanwhile, we analyze the impact of different carbon tax recycling mechanisms under the principle of tax neutrality. We find that the carbon tax effectively reduces carbon emissions, but it will negatively impact economic development and social welfare. A reasonable carbon tax recycling system based on the principle of tax neutrality can reduce the negative impact of carbon tax implementation. Among the four simulated scenarios of carbon tax cycle, the scenario of reducing residents’ personal income tax is most conducive to realizing the “double dividend” of carbon tax.

scholarly journals Sustainable reverse logistic network design for End-of-Life Use-Case Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNA CINAR
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Reverse Logistic ◽  
The Impact

Due to the increased interests in environmental issues along with stringent environmental legislation and regulations, companies start taking a fresh look at the impact on their reverse logistic activties on the environment. This paper is an example of the recovery of valuable material that can be recycled/recovered or remanufactured at the end of product useful life by designing an effective reverse logistics network. In this study, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to determine a long-term strategy for end-of-life (EOL). The mathematical model not only takes into account the minimization of system operating costs, but also considered minimization of carbon emissions related to the transportation and processing of used products. Therefore, the objective in this model was to minimize the transportation and operating cost as well as minimizing environmental effects these activities. The results of this study show the trade-off between the costs and carbon emissions, and cost effectiveness for improving environmental performance, all of which have great practical implication on decision-making of network configurations a reverse logistics system. The proposed model is validated by examining a case study from wind turbine (WT) sector.

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