Research on Modes of Recycling and Remanufacturing with Considering the Carbon Footprint

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 2368-2373
Author(s):  
Yue Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
New Product ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Optimal Price ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Selling Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environment Awareness

Three modes of recycling and remanufacturing are discussed when the carbon tax is imposed, the impact of carbon emissions on the mode of recycling and remanufacturing is further analyzed. The results show that the optimal price and sales of the new product and remanufactured product in the second stage are relevant with the carbon emissions in their manufacturing and selling process, not relevant with the carbon emissions in their recycling process. OEM will be more inclined to remanufacture themselves with the increasing environment awareness of consumers.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on the Value of Growing Maize as a Biofuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Sally Olasogba ◽  
Les DUCKERS
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Aim: According to COP23, Climate Change threatens the stability of the planet’s ecosystems, with a tipping point believed to be at only +2°C.  With the burning of fossil fuels, held responsible for the release of much of the greenhouse gases, a sensible world- wide strategy is to replace fossil fuel energy sources with renewable ones. The renewable resources such as wind, hydro, geothermal, wave and tidal energies are found in particular geographical locations whereas almost every country is potentially able to exploit PV and biomass. This paper examines the role that changing climate could have on the growing and processing of biomass. The primary concern is that future climates could adversely affect the yield of crops, and hence the potential contribution of biomass to the strategy to combat climate change. Maize, a C4 crop, was selected for the study because it can be processed into biogas or other biofuels. Four different Nigerian agricultural zones growing maize were chosen for the study. Long-term weather data was available for the four sites and this permitted the modelling of future climates. Design / Research methods: The results of this study come from modelling future climates and applying this to crop models. This unique work, which has integrated climate change and crop modelling to forecast yield and carbon emissions, reveals how maize responds to the predicted increased temperature, change in rainfall, and the variation in weather patterns. In order to fully assess a biomass crop, the full energy cycle and carbon emissions were estimated based on energy and materials inputs involved in farm management: fertilizer application, and tillage type. For maize to support the replacement strategy mentioned above it is essential that the ratio of energy output to energy input exceeds 1, but of course it should be as large as possible. Conclusions / findings: Results demonstrate that the influence of climate change is important and in many scenarios, acts to reduce yield, but that the negative effects can be partially mitigated by careful selection of farm management practices. Yield and carbon footprint is particularly sensitive to the application rate of fertilizer across all locations whilst climate change is the causal driver for the increase in net energy and carbon footprint at most locations. Nonetheless, in order to ensure a successful strategic move towards a low carbon future, and sustainable implementation of biofuel policies, this study provides valuable information for the Nigerian government and policy makers on potential AEZs to cultivate maize under climate change. Further research on the carbon footprint of alternative bioenergy feedstock to assess their environmental carbon footprint and net energy is strongly suggested. Originality / value of the article: This paper extends the review on the impact of climate change on maize production to include future impacts on net energy use and carbon footprint using a fully integrated assessment framework. Most studies focus only on current farm energy use and historical climate change impact on farm GHG emissions.   

scholarly journals Optimizing Urban Distribution Routes for Perishable Foods Considering Carbon Emission Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Wang ◽  
Yang ◽  
Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Urban Distribution ◽  
The Impact

The increasing demand for urban distribution increases the number of transportation vehicles which intensifies the congestion of urban traffic and leads to a lot of carbon emissions. This paper focuses on carbon emission reduction in urban distribution, taking perishable foods as the object. It carries out optimization analysis of urban distribution routes to explore the impact of low carbon policy on urban distribution routes planning. On the basis of analysis of the cost components and corresponding constraints of urban distribution, two optimization models of urban distribution routes with and without carbon emissions cost are constructed. Fuel quantity related to cost and carbon emissions in the model is calculated based on traffic speed, vehicle fuel quantity and passable time period of distribution. Then an improved algorithm which combines genetic algorithm and tabu search algorithm is designed to solve models. Moreover, an analysis of the influence of carbon tax price is also carried out. It is concluded that in the process of urban distribution based on the actual network information, path optimization considering the low carbon factor can effectively reduce the distribution process of CO2, and reduce the total cost of the enterprise and society, thus achieving greater social benefits at a lower cost. In addition, the government can encourage low-carbon distribution by rationally adjusting the price of carbon tax to achieve a higher social benefit.

scholarly journals Optimal Manufacturing-Reconditioning Decisions in a Reverse Logistic System under Periodic Mandatory Carbon Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3534
Author(s):  
Sadok Turki ◽  
Soulayma Sahraoui ◽  
Christophe Sauvey ◽  
Nathalie Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Reverse Logistic ◽  
The Impact

Due to environmental concerns, firms are under increasing pressure to comply with legislations and to take up environmental strategies. This leads researchers and firms to develop new sustainable supply chains, where a new area has emerged for a manufacturing and reconditioning system. The originality of this work consists in simultaneously considering carbon emissions strategies, carbon tax and mandatory emission in a manufacturing-reconditioning system. The proposed system is composed of two parallel machines, a manufacturing stock, a reconditioning stock and a recovery inventory. In order to make the proposed green manufacturing system more realistic, it is assumed that manufactured (new products) and reconditioned products are distinguishable. The quantity of worn products (used products) depends on the sales in the previous periods, and the repair periods of the machines are stochastic and independent. The aim of this work is to determine the optimal capacities of manufacturing and reconditioning stocks that maximize the total profit, as well as the optimal value of worn products under two carbon emissions’ limitations. An evolutionary algorithm is developed, along with an efficient improvement method, to find the optimal value of decision variables. Ultimately, numerical results are provided to show the impact of the period of carbon limit and the worn products (returned products) on decision variables.

Tax Policy to Reduce Carbon Emissions in a Distorted Economy: Illustrations from a South Africa CGE Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantayanan Devarajan ◽  
Delfin S Go ◽  
Sherman Robinson ◽  
Karen Thierfelder
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Noting that developing countries may not have the administrative capacity to levy a “pure” carbon tax, we compare the impact of alternative energy taxes with that of a carbon tax in an economy with multiple distortions. We use a disaggregated computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the South African economy and simulate a range of tax policies that reduce CO2 emissions by 15 percent. Consistent with a “first-best” economy, a carbon tax will have the lowest marginal cost of abatement. But the relationship between a tax on energy commodities and one on pollution-intensive commodities depends critically on other distortions in the system and on structural rigidities in the economy. We demonstrate that if South Africa were able to remove distortions in the labor market, the cost of carbon taxation would be negligible. We conclude that the welfare costs of taxing carbon emissions in developing countries depend more on other distortions than on the country’s own carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprinting and Pricing Under Climate Concerns

2020 ◽  
pp. 002224292093293
Author(s):  
Marco Bertini ◽  
Stefan Buehler ◽  
Daniel Halbheer ◽  
Donald R. Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
Corporate Carbon Footprint ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

This article studies how organizations should design a product by choosing the carbon footprint and price in a market with climate concerns. The authors first show how the cost and demand effects of reducing the product carbon footprint determine the profit-maximizing design. Paradoxically, they find that stronger climate concerns may increase the overall corporate carbon footprint, even if the product itself is greener. Next, the authors establish that offsetting carbon emissions can create a win-win outcome for the firm and the climate if the cost of compensation is sufficiently low. Third, the authors show how regulation in the form of a cap-and-trade scheme or a carbon tax affects product design, firm profitability, and green technology adoption. Finally, the authors extend the analysis to a competitive scenario. Overall, these results can help marketing professionals by offering insight into how to address climate concerns through improved product design.

scholarly journals Optimization of Integrated Inventory Routing Problem for Cold Chain Logistics Considering Carbon Footprint and Carbon Regulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Li ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Gaoyuan Qin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Inventory Routing ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Integrated Inventory

This paper studies the optimization of cold chain integrated inventory routing problem while considering carbon emissions. First, the carbon footprint in inventory and transportation process for cold chain logistics is accurately identified and quantified. Secondly, based on the carbon regulations, which are carbon cap, carbon cap and offset, carbon cap and trade, and carbon tax regulations, four green cold chain inventory routing optimization models that minimize the total cost are constructed, respectively. Subsequently, a genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GASA) is developed in order to efficiently solve the models, which combines the advantages of the two algorithms. The effectiveness of the algorithm and the models is verified by numerical comparison experiments. Further, a set of numerical experiments is conducted to examine in detail the effectiveness of each regulation with the change of cap, carbon price, and unit fuel price in order to investigate the difference of these regulations’ impacts on the cold chain logistics. The research results show that (a) the cap and price plays a relatively important role, for their value setting may even lead to the invalidation of the regulations and the development of the enterprises; (b) carbon cap and carbon tax regulations are more powerful when compared to the other two regulations, which reduce more carbon emissions, but also pose more challenge to the enterprises’ economic development; (c) overall, cap and trade regulation is better than cap and offset regulation, because, when the cap is not sufficient, the two regulations are almost as good, but when the cap is sufficient, the offset policy is invalid; and, (d) unlike the traditional logistics, the increase of unit fuel price will not reduce carbon emissions. Several practical managerial implications for government and enterprises are also provided based on research results.

Study on Conduction Paths of Carbon Footprint of Energy Sources Industry among Industries in Henan Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1185-1189
Author(s):  
Qing Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Conduction Path ◽  
Output Coefficient ◽  
The Impact

According to Input-Output table portraying the conduction path of carbon footprint among industries, and define the impact of the energy sources industry for other industries on carbon emissions, the paper provide specific and workable methods for energy saving and emission reduction. Constructing the input-output model of carbon footprint of Henan Province by Input-Output method based on the energy consumption data. Using input coefficient, output coefficient and the method of triangulation, identify conduction path of carbon footprint of the energy sources industry among industries in Henan Province. According to the analysis of energy industry in Henan province, the paper introduces the characteristic of carbon emissions of the energy industry and Put forward the ideas of energy conservation and emission reduction taking the energy industry as the breakthrough point.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF CARBON REGULATION MECHANISMS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
M. M. Balashov
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The European Commission is currently preparing to implement a new form of carbon regulation a cross-border carbon tax. As conceived by the authors, such a decision will force exporters of goods with a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions during production to improve the environmental friendliness of production and, as a result, to reduce their carbon footprint. In addition, the carbon tax will create a competitive advantage for foreign companies with low greenhouse gas emissions. Such a policy of the European Union can seriously affect the economy of the Russian Federation and Russian companies that are export-oriented. Today, all over the world, more and more importance is attached to environmentally neutral technologies and industries. To keep up with the global trend, as well as to maintain the level of competitiveness, the Russian economy needs to adapt. The speed and efficiency of adaptation directly depend on system solutions both at the state level (development of the necessary regulatory legal acts and standards for reporting and disclosure of information) and at the level of enterprises most sensitive to carbon regulation (audit of the carbon footprint, modernization of production facilities, responsible approach to neutralization carbon footprint). The purpose of this work is to study the impact of carbon regulation mechanisms on the development of industry in the Russian Federation, in accordance with it, the following tasks are formed: to describe the mechanisms of carbon regulation, to assess the economic impact on the domestic industry, to consider world practices of confirming the carbon footprint, to identify threats to implementation of the national program “International cooperation and export” from the introduction of carbon regulation.

The Impact Of Carbon Footprinting In Romania

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-420
Author(s):  
Lucian-Ionel Cioca ◽  
Maria-Viorela Codoi
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Co2 Equivalent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Carbon

AbstractCarbon foot printing became an important term for surprisingly many people in the last years. It is very important that people learn what effects may have carbon foot printing on their lifes and how it’s produced. The term “carbon foot printing” is just a name which is the result of global warming potential. Carbon foot printing is considered a very popular buzzword in Romania in the last year. The carbon footprint measures total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly, by a person, organization, event or product. In Romania the carbon emissions are the consequences of burning of fossil fuels and manufacturing of cement, and the value of CO2 emissions in 2008 was 94,660(kt). People can do training or courses to learn more about the meaning of carbon footprints, their impact on the environment and calculation of the carbon footprint by measuring the CO2 equivalent emissions.

Integrating Carbon Footprint into Coordination of Constant Pricing and Lot Sizing Problem

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3959-3967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Ming Dai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
First Case ◽  
Product Pricing ◽  
Operational Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to improve our understanding of how carbon emission concerns could be integrated into operational decision-making with regard to procurement, production, and inventory management. Lot sizing model with constant product pricing can be modified to support decision-making that accounts for both profit and carbon footprint, by combining carbon footprint parameters with various decision variables. In the first case, the strict carbon cap is introduced into coordination of product pricing and lot sizing. The second case with carbon trade can be achieved by the Lagrangian relaxation of the carbon cap in the first case. In particular, the model with carbon trade is transformed into the third model with carbon tax when the carbon cap equals zero. The results show a series of insights that highlight the impact of operational decisions on carbon emissions and the importance of operational models in evaluation the impact of different regulatory policies and in assessing the benefits of investments in more carbon efficient technologies.

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