scholarly journals Thermochemical and Economic Analysis for Energy Recovery by the Gasification of WEEE Plastic Waste from the Disassembly of Large-Scale Outdoor Obsolete Luminaires by LEDs in the Alto Alentejo Region (Portugal)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4601
Author(s):  
Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez ◽  
Roberta Mota-Panizio ◽  
Luis Carmo-Calado ◽  
Paulo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Energy Potential

The recovery of urban waste is a social demand and a measure of the energy-environmental sustainability of cities and regions. In particular, waste of electrical origin, waste of electrical and electronic materials (WEEE) can be recovered with great success. The plastic fraction of these wastes allows their gasification mixed with biomass, and the results allow for producing syngas with a higher energy potential. This work allows for obtaining energy from the recovery of obsolete materials through thermochemical conversion processes of the plastic waste from the disassembly of the luminaires by mixing the said plastic waste in different proportions with the biomass of crop residues (olive). The gasification tests of these mixtures were carried out in a downstream fixed-bed drown daft reactor, at temperatures of approximately 800 °C. The results demonstrate the applied technical and economic feasibility of the technology by thermal gasification, for the production of LHV (Low Heating Value) syngas with highest power energy (more than 5 MJ/m3) produced in mixtures of up to 20% of plastic waste. This study was complemented with the economic-financial analysis. This research can be used as a case study for the energy recovery through gasification processes of plastic waste from luminaires (WEEE), mixed with agricultural biomass that is planned to be carried out on a large scale in the Alentejo (Portugal), as a solution applied in circular economy strategies.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Economic Feasibility of Energy Recovery from Pressure Reduction Stations in Natural Gas Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Danieli ◽  
Gianluca Carraro ◽  
Andrea Lazzaretto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Gas Distribution

A big amount of the pressure energy content in the natural gas distribution networks is wasted in throttling valves of pressure reduction stations (PRSs). Just a few energy recovery systems are currently installed in PRSs and are mostly composed of radial turboexpanders coupled with cogeneration internal combustion engines or gas-fired heaters providing the necessary preheating. This paper clarifies the reason for the scarce diffusion of energy recovery systems in PRSs and provides guidelines about the most feasible energy recovery technologies. Nine thousand PRSs are monitored and allocated into 12 classes, featuring different expansion ratios and available power. The focus is on PRSs with 1-to-20 expansion ratio and 1-to-500 kW available power. Three kinds of expanders are proposed in combination with different preheating systems based on boilers, heat pumps, or cogeneration engines. The goal is to identify, for each class, the most feasible combination by looking at the minimum payback period and maximum net present value. Results show that small size volumetric expanders with low expansion ratios and coupled with gas-fired heaters have the highest potential for large-scale deployment of energy recovery from PRSs. Moreover, the total recoverable energy using the feasible recovery systems is approximately 15% of the available energy.

scholarly journals A parametric tool to evaluate the environmental and economic feasibility of decentralized energy systems.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karni Siraganyan ◽  
Dasaraden Mauree ◽  
Dasun Perera ◽  
Jean Louis Scartezzini
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Battery System ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Storage Technologies

A simulation tool is developed to make a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment of a case study under different scenarios. Different capacity of solar and storage technologies are considered. The model calculates the levelized cost of electricity, the autonomy level and the CO2 emissions. We demonstrate that the economic profitability of solar and battery system is in very good agreement with HOMER and the autonomy level is validated by using a simulation tool created by SI-REN. We show that combining solar PVwith battery system doesn't bring additional autonomy to the model for Geneva considering the present market prices for batteries and seasonal changes in solar energy potential. The validated tool is then extended to include the thermal demand and generation by adding heat pumps and solar thermal. The availability of thermal storage at a large scale and the generation over a neighbourhood are shown to increase the autonomy of the neighbourhood. Finally, multiple scenarios are also run by changing the input parameters to perform a sensitivity analysis of these parameters on the performance of the model. Under the assumptions of the model, to foster investments in solar PV and battery installations, falling investments costs seem necessary for the future.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Energy Recovery System for Continuous Biochar Production System

2020 ◽  
pp. 300-310
Author(s):  
Laleet Jawale ◽  
N. L. Panwar ◽  
B. L. Salvi ◽  
Sudhir Jain ◽  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Production System ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Energy Recovery System ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Recovery System

Fossilfuel requirement is the necessity for fulfilling the global energy needs, which is increasing day by day due to this it will drain in future. Bio-energy became as one of the vital alternatives to replace fossil fuel. Thermochemical conversion of biomass for obtaining the bioenergy is getting more popular in the recent time. In the present study, slow pyrolysis is used for bio-energy production from the waste biomass available in the form of crop residues of Groundnut Shell (GS), Chana Straw (CS) and Wheat Straw (WS) using the developed continuous biochar production system (Pratap Kiln) to produce biochar. An energy recovery system consisting of cooling chamber was developed to recover the bio-oil from the waste flue gas (syngas). The pyrolysis of selected biomass was carried out at 450°C and residence time of about 4 min. The yield of biochar and bio-oil and syngas properties were determined. The maximum biochar yield was found in CS feedstock as 35% followed by WS and GS, i.e. 33% and 29%, respectively. The bio-oil recovery in GS, CS and WS was 31%, 26% and 30% respectively, whereas the syngas production was 40%, 39% and 37% respectively.

scholarly journals Crop residue recycling for economic and environmental sustainability: The case of India

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Devi ◽  
Charu Gupta ◽  
Shankar Lal Jat ◽  
M.S. Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Textile Composite ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Increasing Trend

AbstractIndia is one of the key producers of food grain, oilseed, sugarcane and other agricultural products. Agricultural crops generate considerable amounts of leftover residues, with increases in food production crop residues also increasing. These leftover residues exhibit not only resource loss but also a missed opportunity to improve a farmer’s income. The use of crop residues in various fields are being explored by researchers across the world in areas such as textile composite non-woven making processes, power generation, biogas production, animal feed, compost and manures, etc. The increasing trend in addition of bio-energy cogeneration plants, increasing demand for animal feedstock and increasing trend for organic agriculture indicates a competitive opportunity forcrop residue in Agriculture. It is to be noted that the use of this left over residue isoften not mutually exclusive which makes measurement of its economic value more difficult.For example, straw can be used as animal bedding and thereafter as a crop fertilizer. In view of this, the main aim of this paper envisaged to know about how much crop residue is left unutilized and how best they can be utilized for alternative purposes for environmental stewardship and sustainability. In this context, an attempt has been made to estimate the total crop residue across the states and its economic value though data available from various government sources and a SWOT analysis performed for possible alternative uses of residue in India. This paper also discusses the successful case studies of India and global level of use of crop residues in economic activities. Over all 516 Mtonnes of crop residue was produced in 2014-15 in India among which cereals were the largest producer of crop residue followed by sugarcane. The energy potential from paddy rice straw crop residue was estimated as 486,955 megawatt for 2014-15 and similarly for coarse cereals it was 226,200megawatt.

Estimates of methane loss and energy recovery potential in anaerobic reactors treating domestic wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2745-2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. S. Lobato ◽  
C. A. L. Chernicharo ◽  
C. L. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Uasb Reactors

This work aimed at developing a mathematical model that could estimate more precisely the fraction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) recovered as methane in the biogas and which, effectively, represented the potential for energy recovery in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating domestic wastewater. The model sought to include all routes of conversion and losses in the reactor, including the portion of COD used for the reduction of sulfates and the loss of methane in the residual gas and dissolved in the effluent. Results from the production of biogas in small- and large-scale UASB reactors were used to validate the model. The results showed that the model allowed a more realistic estimate of biogas production and of its energy potential.

Performance Analysis and Modeling of Different Volumetric Expanders for Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycles

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Clemente ◽  
Diego Micheli ◽  
Mauro Reini ◽  
Rodolfo Taccani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycles

In the last years one of the main research topics in energy field is represented by Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs), due to their applicability in energy recovery from waste heat and in distributed combined heat and power (CHP) generation, particularly in small and micro scale systems. One of the key devices of the cycle is the expander: it must have a limited cost (like all the other components, in order to ensure the economic feasibility), but also a high efficiency, since the temperature of the heat source is often low and then the cycle efficiency is inherently scarce. In the first part of this paper a literature review on various positive-displacement expanders is presented, in order to outline their performances and their application field. Then, the numerical model of a volumetric reciprocating expander is implemented. This model, and another one previously developed to simulate scroll expanders, is combined with a thermodynamic model of the whole ORC system, so that a comparison between the two technologies can be carried out. The results confirm the possibility of realizing small scale energy recovery and cogeneration (CHP) systems with acceptable electrical efficiency also adopting low-cost components, directly derived from large scale industrial components.

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility Analysis of Household Plastic Waste Management Using Trichoderma sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Aidha Zulaika ◽  
Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo ◽  
Nita Noriko ◽  
Nur Fitriyani Sahamony
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Processing and managing plastic waste must be carried out through the application of environmental sustainability that can integrate ecology-based management and consider the social and economic dynamics known as the Socio-Ecological System (SES). This study aimed to determine the economic feasibility of household plastic waste management using Trichoderma sp. The research method used was the observation of plastic waste management in the community and secondary data processing results from field research on plastic waste processing with Trichoderma sp. Data analysis was carried out by applying economic analysis using the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) analysis. Based on the economic analysis, it was found 1.29 BCR values for plastic waste processing using Trichoderma sp.

Assessment of bioenergy development potential in agricultural enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Iryna Hryhoruk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential

Exhaustion of traditional energy resources, their uneven geographical location, and catastrophic changes in the environment necessitate the transition to renewable energy resources. Moreover, Ukraine's economy is critically dependent on energy exports, and in some cases, the dependence is not only economic but also political, which in itself poses a threat to national security. One of the ways to solve this problem is the large-scale introduction and use of renewable energy resources, bioenergy in particular. The article summarizes and offers methods for assessing the energy potential of agriculture. In our country, a significant amount of biomass is produced every year, which remains unused. A significant part is disposed of due to incineration, which significantly harms the environment and does not allow earning additional funds. It is investigated that the bioenergy potential of agriculture depends on the geographical distribution and varies in each region of Ukraine. Studies have shown that as of 2019 the smallest share in the total amount of conventional fuel that can be obtained from agricultural waste and products suitable for energy production accounts for Zakarpattya region - 172.5 thousand tons. (0.5% of the total) and Chernivtsi region - 291.3 thousand tons. (0.9%). Poltava region has the greatest potential - 2652.2 thousand tons. (7.8%) and Vinnytsia - 2623.7 thousand tons. (7.7%). It should be noted that the use of the energy potential of biomass in Ukraine can be called unsatisfactory. The share of biomass in the provision of primary energy consumption is very small. For bioenergy to occupy its niche in the general structure of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for its stimulation. In addition, an effective strategy for the development of the bioenergy sector of agriculture is needed. The article considers the general energy potential of agriculture, its indicative structure. The analysis is also made in terms of areas. In addition, an economic assessment of the possible use of existing potential is identified.

scholarly journals Enabling Reuse in Extended Producer Responsibility Schemes for White Goods: Legal and Organisational Conditions for Connecting Resource Flows and Actors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Dalhammar ◽  
Emelie Wihlborg ◽  
Leonidas Milios ◽  
Jessika Luth Richter ◽  
Sahra Svensson-Höglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Extended Producer Responsibility ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Producer Responsibility ◽  
White Goods

AbstractExtended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes have proliferated across Europe and other parts of the world in recent years and have contributed to increasing material and energy recovery from waste streams. Currently, EPR schemes do not provide sufficient incentives for moving towards the higher levels of the waste hierarchy, e.g. by reducing the amounts of waste through incentivising the design of products with longer lifespans and by enhancing reuse activities through easier collection and repair of end-of-life products. Nevertheless, several municipalities and regional actors around Europe are increasingly promoting reuse activities through a variety of initiatives. Furthermore, even in the absence of legal drivers, many producer responsibility organisations (PROs), who execute their members’ responsibilities in EPR schemes, are considering promoting reuse and have initiated a number of pilot projects. A product group that has been identified as having high commercial potential for reuse is white goods, but the development of large-scale reuse of white goods seems unlikely unless a series of legal and organisational barriers are effectively addressed. Through an empirical investigation with relevant stakeholders, based on interviews, and the analysis of two case studies of PROs that developed criteria for allowing reusers to access their end-of-life white goods, this contribution presents insights on drivers and barriers for the repair and reuse of white goods in EPR schemes and discusses potential interventions that could facilitate the upscale of reuse activities. Concluding, although the reuse potential for white goods is high, the analysis highlights the currently insufficient policy landscape for incentivising reuse and the need for additional interventions to make reuse feasible as a mainstream enterprise.

scholarly journals Multi-Country Scale Assessment of Available Energy Recovery Potential Using Micro-Hydropower in Drinking, Pressurised Irrigation and Wastewater Networks, Covering Part of the EU

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Djordje Mitrovic ◽  
Miguel Crespo Chacón ◽  
Aida Mérida García ◽  
Jorge García Morillo ◽  
Juan Antonio Rodríguez Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Water Networks ◽  
Scale Assessment

Studies have shown micro-hydropower (MHP) opportunities for energy recovery and CO2 reductions in the water sector. This paper conducts a large-scale assessment of this potential using a dataset amassed across six EU countries (Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Spain, and Portugal) for the drinking water, irrigation, and wastewater sectors. Extrapolating the collected data, the total annual MHP potential was estimated between 482.3 and 821.6 GWh, depending on the assumptions, divided among Ireland (15.5–32.2 GWh), Scotland (17.8–139.7 GWh), Northern Ireland (5.9–8.2 GWh), Wales (10.2–8.1 GWh), Spain (375.3–539.9 GWh), and Portugal (57.6–93.5 GWh) and distributed across the drinking water (43–67%), irrigation (51–30%), and wastewater (6–3%) sectors. The findings demonstrated reductions in energy consumption in water networks between 1.7 and 13.0%. Forty-five percent of the energy estimated from the analysed sites was associated with just 3% of their number, having a power output capacity >15 kW. This demonstrated that a significant proportion of energy could be exploited at a small number of sites, with a valuable contribution to net energy efficiency gains and CO2 emission reductions. This also demonstrates cost-effective, value-added, multi-country benefits to policy makers, establishing the case to incentivise MHP in water networks to help achieve the desired CO2 emissions reductions targets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document