Nutritional Values of Onion Bulbs with Some Essential Structural Parameters for Packaging Process

Onions belong to the Allium genus that has been frequently used for human diet and the traditional medication due to the bioactive compounds. The main nutritional values, vitamins, and amino acid compositions of onion bulbs (Yellow, Red, Green, Leek, and Baby onions) with some essential structural parameters for the packaging process were investigated. Physical and structural parameters with frictions were applied for the packaging process. The results reported that moisture content was the main component of onion bulbs (88.65%). Besides, they were rich in proteins (9.22–13.21 g/100 g infresh weight) (FW). Results reported that Red and Yellow varieties established the largest vitamin C and carotenoids contents (45.07 mg/100 g−1 FW) and (1.44 µg/mL FW), respectively. The major amino acid was arginine which was highly found in Green variety (17.02 mg/g FW) and a relatively high amount of glutamic and aspartic acids as (9.88–14.89 mg/g FW) and (4.93–10.55 mg/g FW), respectively. Yellow variety established the largest width, thickness, surface area, aspect ratio, and sphericity. The highest static and kinetic frictions were established on steel (0.14–0.52) and (0.75–0.96), respectively. This study presents the nutritional evidence of onion varieties for the human diet besides the horticultural processing for packaging quality improvement.

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Investigation of major amino acid residues of anti-norfloxacin monoclonal antibodies responsible for binding with fluoroquinolones

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96466-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patamalai Boonserm ◽

Songchan Puthong ◽

Thanaporn Wichai ◽

Sajee Noitang ◽

Pongsak Khunrae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Amino Acid ◽

3D Structure ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Variable Regions ◽

Complementarity Determining Regions ◽

Crucial Part ◽

Major Amino Acid

AbstractIt is important to understand the amino acid residues that govern the properties of the binding between antibodies and ligands. We studied the binding of two anti-norfloxacins, anti-nor 132 and anti-nor 155, and the fluoroquinolones norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Binding cross-reactivities tested by an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that anti-nor 132 (22–100%) had a broader range of cross-reactivity than anti-nor 155 (62–100%). These cross-reactivities correlated with variations in the numbers of interacting amino acid residues and their positions. Molecular docking was employed to investigate the molecular interactions between the fluoroquinolones and the monoclonal antibodies. Homology models of the heavy chain and light chain variable regions of each mAb 3D structure were docked with the fluoroquinolones targeting the crucial part of the complementarity-determining regions. The fluoroquinolone binding site of anti-nor 155 was a region of the HCDR3 and LCDR3 loops in which hydrogen bonds were formed with TYR (H:35), ASN (H:101), LYS (H:106), ASN (L:92), and ASN (L:93). These regions were further away in anti-nor 132 and could not contact the fluoroquinolones. Another binding region consisting of HIS (L:38) and ASP (H:100) was found for norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, whereas only ASP (H:100) was found for ofloxacin.

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In Vitro Study of Multi-Therapeutic Properties of Thymus bovei Benth. Essential Oil and Its Main Component for Promoting Their Use in Clinical Practice

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7090283 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sherif Hassan ◽

Kateřina Berchová-Bímová ◽

Miroslava Šudomová ◽

Milan Malaník ◽

Karel Šmejkal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Antihypertensive Agents ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Main Component

Thymus bovei Benth. (TB) is an important plant in the traditional medicine of the Mediterranean region. This study investigates the health-promoting properties of TB essential oil (TB-EO) for its possible use in clinical practice with regards to its cytotoxic, anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and antihypertensive (through inhibition of human angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE) properties. The phytochemical profile of EO (99.9%) was analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In this study, all biological methods were performed at the level of in vitro studies. The results showed that TB-EO exerted remarked cytotoxic properties against human cervical carcinoma cells, colon cancer cells, and lung adenocarcinoma cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 7.22, 9.30, and 8.62 µg/mL, respectively, in comparison with that of standard anticancer drug cisplatin with IC50 values of 4.24, 5.21, and 5.43 µg/mL, respectively. Fascinatingly, TB-EO showed very weak cytotoxicity on the healthy human fetal lung fibroblast cells with an IC50 value of 118.34 µg/mL compared with that of cisplatin (IC50 = 10.08 µg/mL). TB-EO, its main component geraniol, TB-EO combined with acyclovir (ACV) along with standard ACV, have displayed pronounced inhibitory properties against the replication of HSV-2 with the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.13, 1.92, 0.81 and 1.94 µg/mL, respectively, with corresponding selectivity indices (SI) 98.59, 109.38, 259.26 and 108.25, respectively. TB-EO and geraniol at a concentration of 15 µg/mL showed prominent inhibitory activities against ACE with % of inhibition 95.4% and 92.2%, respectively, compared with that of standard inhibitor captopril (99.8%; 15 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies were performed to unveil the mechanism of action of geraniol as well as structural parameters necessary for anti-HSV-2 activity (through the inhibition of HSV-2 protease) and ACE inhibition. This is the first report on the chemical composition of Egyptian TB-EO along with the above-mentioned biological activities. Our results may be considered as novel findings in the course of a search for new and active anticancer, anti-HSV-2 and antihypertensive agents, and expand the medicinal value of this plant and its phytochemicals in clinical practice.

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Involvement of hepatic metallothioneins in hypozincemia associated with bacterial infection.

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1978.234.4.e399 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 234 (4) ◽

pp. E399 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P Z Sobocinski ◽

W J Canterbury ◽

C A Mapes ◽

R E Dinterman

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Heat Stability ◽

Acute Stage ◽

Zinc Homeostasis ◽

Zinc Binding ◽

Live Vaccine Strain ◽

Infectious Illness ◽

Hepatic Synthesis ◽

Major Amino Acid

Hypozincemia was induced in rats by Salmonella typhimurium and live vaccine strain Francisella tularensis (LVS) infections. Hepatic synthesis of zinc-binding proteins (ZBP) was studied in order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the redistribution of zinc from plasma to liver occurring during infectious illness. ZBP, labeled in vivo with 65Zn, were isolated and identified as metallothioneins based, in part, on their heat stability, dimorphism, and amino acid composition. Cysteine was the major amino acid found in both forms of metallothionein and constituted 28-31% of total residues. The apparent half-life of these proteins as measured by disappearance of 65Zn was determined to be 19 h in a relatively mild infection (LVS) and 38 h in a more severe S. typhimurium infection. Results provide evidence that metallothioneins not only have the previously postulated regulatory role in normal zinc homeostasis but are intimately involved in the zinc redistribution occurring during the acute stage of infectious illness.

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Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and Variety

Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin ◽

10.2478/v10032-011-0018-2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 57-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anna Kotlarz ◽

Agnieszka Sujak ◽

Wacław Strobel ◽

Wilhelm Grzesiak

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Nutritional Values ◽

Fiber Fractions ◽

Pea Seeds

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and VarietyWe tested nutritional usability of pea seeds (Pisum sativumL.) at full maturity. Four white-flowering and 5 colour-flowering new Polish cultivars were compared. We determined proximate composition of ground seeds collected over 4 years period as well as amino acids, minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), tannins and fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL). The seeds contained between 224 and 260 g·kg-1of crude protein which was rich in Lys (6.8±0.8 g) but poor in Met+Cys (2.0±0.2 g·16 g-1N). The amount of tannins (as tannic acid equivalent) in white-flowering cvs was 4.3±0.9 g and in colour-flowering - 7.4±2.2 g. The calculated protein nutritional values were compared against amino acid standards of human and animal nutrition and the whole egg protein. Effects of the cropping year and variety variance in respect of chemical composition of seeds were examined. Crude protein, crude oil, N-free extractives, tannins, K, amino acid content: Leu, Phe+Tyr and Ala content were influenced significantly by the cultivar, while the cropping year had a significant influence on dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude fibre, crude oil, N-free extractives ADF and ADL fiber fractions, content of P, Na and K, most of the amino acid levels and on nutritional values of the protein measured by means of CS and EAAI indices.

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System for Detecting Driver Alertness while Driving

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.35439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (VI) ◽

pp. 2095-2099

Author(s):

Prajwal Chandrakant Sapkal

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Real Time ◽

Raspberry Pi ◽

Time Data ◽

Facial Landmarks ◽

Remote Location ◽

Python Language ◽

Falling Asleep ◽

Time Basis ◽

Main Component

In this project, we are going to present a system for sleep detection alarm to monitor the driver, based on the real time surveillance and alert him as well as post it at remote location whenever it’s necessary using cloud platform. This device is to be developed using the Raspberry Pi, Open CV library and camera module. The required coding part of the project will be done using Python language. The main component of the project will be pretrained landmark detector as a software part. It identifies 68 points on the human face. The Dlib’s landmark will detect 68 facial landmarks which enables us to extract the various facial structures using simple Python array slices. The facial landmarks of fully closed eye and a fully opened eye will be first plotted. This data is further processed and tested with some results which will give the information about driver’s alertness. Once the facial landmarks associated with an eye are determined, we can apply the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) algorithm. In our case, we’ll be monitoring the eye aspect ratio to see if the values of the facial landmarks, thus implying that the driver/user has closed their eyes or distracted from driving or yawn. Once implemented, our algorithm will start by localising the facial landmarks on real time basis. We can then will be able to monitor the eye aspect ratio to determine if the eyes are close or nearly close which will be the indicator for driver is falling asleep. And then finally raising an alarm if the eye aspect ratio is below a pre-defined threshold for a sufficiently long amount of time. The alarm will be loud enough to wake up the driver and bring back his attention. At the same time data is passed to remote location using cloud whenever it’s necessary.

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Protein Banding Pattern and Major Amino Acid Component in De-Oiled Pupal Powder of Silkworm, Bombyx mori Linn.

Journal of Entomology ◽

10.3923/je.2008.10.16 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 10-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kanika Trivedy ◽

S. Nirmal Kumar ◽

Mousumi Mondal ◽

C. Anil Kumar Bhat

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Bombyx Mori ◽

Banding Pattern ◽

Acid Component ◽

Amino Acid Component ◽

Major Amino Acid ◽

Silkworm Bombyx Mori

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Numerical Analysis and Experimental Study on Fabrication of High Aspect Ratio Tapered Ultrafine Holes by Over-Growth Electroforming Process

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi10120824 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 824

Author(s):

Yunyan Zhang ◽

Pingmei Ming ◽

Runqing Li ◽

Ge Qin ◽

Xinmin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

High Aspect Ratio ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Geometric Shape ◽

High Tech ◽

Shape Evolution ◽

Metallic Plate ◽

Electroforming Process ◽

Photoresist Film ◽

The Relationship

High aspect ratio (HAR) ultrafine tapered holes (diameter ≤5 μm; AR ≥5) are the most important elements for some high-tech perforated metallic products, but they are very difficult to manufacture. Therefore, this paper proposes a nontraditional over-growth electroforming process. The formation mechanism of the HAR ultrafine tapered holes is investigated, and the factors controlling the geometric shape evolution are analyzed numerically. It was found that the geometric shape and dimensions of the holes are highly dependent on the diameter and thickness of the photoresist film patterns, but are hardly affected by the spacing between two neighboring patterns; the achievable diameter for a given hole depth becomes small with the increasing pattern diameter, but it becomes big with the increasing pattern thickness. These correlations can be well interpreted by the established two empirical equations that characterize the relationship between the minimum orifice of the tapered hole and the structural parameters of the photoresist film patterns previously formed on the substrate. Application of the fabricated 1500 tapered holes with 3-μm diameter and 17-AR as the nozzles of the medical precision nebulizer is also examined. The studies show that the over-growth electroforming process is highly applicable in fabricating the perforated metallic plate with HAR ultrafine tapered holes.

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Quality improvement initiative to reduce adverse effects associated with parenteral nutrition overfeeding

Frontline Gastroenterology ◽

10.1136/flgastro-2018-100995 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 67-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrew J Franck

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Parenteral Nutrition ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Liver Dysfunction ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Quality Improvement Initiative ◽

Refeeding Syndrome ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

ObjectiveParenteral nutrition (PN) overfeeding is a potential risk factor in the development of infections and other complications including hyperglycaemia, refeeding syndrome and liver dysfunction. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a quality improvement initiative to reduce PN overfeeding.DesignRetrospective cohort study of a quality improvement initiative.SettingA health system comprised of two US Department of Veterans Affairs medical centres.PatientsPatients receiving PN.InterventionsMethods to reduce overfeeding included the use of standardised PN products with lower dextrose to amino acid ratios, reduced use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), and use of adjusted body weights or guideline-recommended predictive equations for energy requirements.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the doses of kilocalories, amino acids and ILE in each cohort. The proportions of patients developing complications before and after the intervention were evaluated.ResultsThe mean maximum total daily kilocalorie dose was 30.2 kcal/kg/day in the preintervention group (n=86) vs 23.4 kcal/kg/day in the postintervention group (n=62) (p<0.001). More patients in the postintervention group received reduced ILE during the first week of PN therapy compared with the preintervention group (p<0.001). The mean maximum total daily amino acid dose in each group was not significantly different. Significantly fewer cases of central line-associated bloodstream infections, hyperglycaemia and liver dysfunction were observed in the postintervention group.ConclusionsA quality improvement initiative to reduce PN overfeeding was effective in reducing kilocalorie and ILE doses while maintaining similar amino acid doses. Observed complications were reduced following the intervention.

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