scholarly journals Effect of Childbirth Experience on Cognitive Performance and Event-Related Potential Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3233
Author(s):  
Mi-Hyun Choi ◽  
Jin-Ju Jung ◽  
Je-Hyeop Lee ◽  
Soon-Cheol Chung ◽  
Hyun-Kyung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Performance Ability ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Back Task

This study aimed to compare the cognitive performance and event-related potential (ERP) patterns between females who have given birth (parous) and those who have not (nulliparous). A total of 50 female participants, including 27 who were parous (33.2 ± 3.2 years) and 23 who were nulliparous (30.8 ± 2.3 years), were recruited. Only parous females who were ≤36 months postpartum (17.7 ± 8.1 months) were included. To compare the cognitive performance between the two groups, we presented the 3-back task (a working memory task) and compared the accuracy rate (%) and reaction time (ms) between the groups. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were simultaneously recorded and the ERP patterns at Fz, Cz, and Pz, which are highly associated with the 3-back task, were analyzed. From the ERP patterns, we extracted N100, P300, P600, P300 peak-to-peak (P300p_p), and P600 peak-to-peak (P600p_p). There were no significant between-group differences in terms of accuracy rate, reaction time, or ERP components (N100, P300, P600, P300p_p, or P600p_p) at the three sites (Fz, Cz, and Pz). Since this study, using meaningful objective data, did not show that parity was significantly correlated with cognitive performance ability and ERP patterns, childbirth does not appear to influence cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Rossi ◽  
Ryan T. Roemmich ◽  
Nicolas Schweighofer ◽  
Amy J. Bastian ◽  
Kristan A. Leech
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Locomotor Adaptation ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Back Task

It has been proposed that motor adaptation and subsequent savings (or faster relearning) of an adapted movement pattern are mediated by cognitive processes. Here, we evaluated the pattern of cognitive-motor interference that emerges when young and late middle-aged adults perform an executive working memory task during locomotor adaptation. We also asked if this interferes with savings of a newly learned walking pattern, as has been suggested by a study of reaching adaptation. We studied split-belt treadmill adaptation and savings in young (21 ± 2 y/o) and late middle-aged (56 ± 6 y/o) adults with or without a secondary 2-back task during adaptation. We found that young adults showed similar performance on the 2-back task during baseline and adaptation, suggesting no effect of the dual-task on cognitive performance; however, dual-tasking interfered with adaptation over the first few steps. Conversely, dual-tasking caused a decrement in cognitive performance in late middle-aged adults with no effect on adaptation. To determine if this effect was specific to adaptation, we also evaluated dual-task interference in late middle-aged adults that dual-tasked while walking in a complex environment that did not induce motor adaptation. This group exhibited less cognitive-motor interference than late middle-aged adults who dual-tasked during adaptation. Savings was unaffected by dual-tasking in both young and late middle-aged adults, which may indicate different underlying mechanisms for savings of reaching and walking. Collectively, our findings reveal an age-dependent effect of cognitive-motor interference during dual-task locomotor adaptation and no effect of dual-tasking on savings, regardless of age. Young adults maintain cognitive performance and show a mild decrement in locomotor adaptation, while late middle-aged adults adapt locomotion at the expense of cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Task Difficulty Regulates How Conscious and Unconscious Monetary Rewards Boost the Performance of Working Memory: An Event-Related Potential Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyang Xu ◽  
Senqing Qi ◽  
Haijun Duan ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Miriam Akioma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Back Task

The performance of working memory can be improved by the corresponding high-value vs. low-value rewards consciously or unconsciously. However, whether conscious and unconscious monetary rewards boosting the performance of working memory is regulated by the difficulty level of working memory task is unknown. In this study, a novel paradigm that consists of a reward-priming procedure and N-back task with differing levels of difficulty was designed to inspect this complex process. In particular, both high-value and low-value coins were presented consciously or unconsciously as the reward cues, followed by the N-back task, during which electroencephalogram signals were recorded. It was discovered that the high-value reward elicited larger event-related potential (ERP) component P3 along the parietal area (reflecting the working memory load) as compared to the low-value reward for the less difficult 1-back task, no matter whether the reward was unconsciously or consciously presented. In contrast, this is not the case for the more difficult 2-back task, in which the difference in P3 amplitude between the high-value and low-value rewards was not significant for the unconscious reward case, yet manifested significance for the conscious reward processing. Interestingly, the results of the behavioral analysis also exhibited very similar patterns as ERP patterns. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the difficulty level of a task can modulate the influence of unconscious reward on the performance of working memory.

scholarly journals Improved cognitive performance and event-related potential changes following working memory training in patients with multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205521731774762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Covey ◽  
Janet L Shucard ◽  
Ralph HB Benedict ◽  
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman ◽  
David W Shucard
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Component Amplitude ◽  
Back Task

Background Few studies of cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (MS) have targeted working memory specifically. Objective We examined the effects of n-back working memory training on cognitive performance and brain function in patients with MS. Methods Patients with MS ( n = 12) and healthy controls (HC; n = 12) underwent 20 sessions of n-back working memory training. Before and after training (pre- and posttest) cognitive event-related potential (ERP) measures were obtained during a 3-back task. In addition, a battery of cognitive tests was administered. Results Following n-back training, both MS patients and HCs showed significant improvement on tests of working memory, processing speed, complex attention, and reasoning ability. MS and HCs also exhibited an enhancement of N2 ERP component amplitude, and earlier N2 and P3 latencies, following n-back training. Conclusions Targeted training of working memory with the n-back task may improve cognitive function in MS. Enhancement of N2 ERP component amplitude and shorter N2 and P3 latency following training in patients with MS is consistent with plasticity of neural processes that are involved in working memory.

scholarly journals The effect of lactose–isomaltulose-containing growing-up milks on cognitive performance of Indonesian children: a cross-over study

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rini Sekartini ◽  
Tjhin Wiguna ◽  
Saptawati Bardosono ◽  
Dian Novita ◽  
Tiana Arsianti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Glycaemic response to dietary carbohydrates might have an impact on cognitive performance. The present study investigated the effects of growing-up milks (GUM) with isomaltulose and extra minerals and vitamins or lower protein content on cognitive parameters in children aged 5–6 years. In a blinded, partly randomised, controlled, cross-over study, four GUM were provided, each taken over 14 d (2 × 200 ml/d): standard (Std) GUM; Std GUM+5 g isomaltulose (Iso-5 GUM); Iso-5 GUM with 26 % less protein (Iso-5 LP GUM); Std GUM with 2·5 g isomaltulose and extra Mg, Zn, Se, D3, B1, B2, B12, folic acid and choline (Iso-2·5 GUM). At test days, when GUM replaced breakfast, repeated (0, 60, 120 and 180 min post-dose) cognitive tasks were performed (picture presentation, simple reaction time, digit vigilance, choice reaction time, spatial and numeric working memory and picture recognition). Task performance of all subjects (n 50) worsened over the morning. Best performance was seen on isomaltulose GUM, most notably at 180 min. Iso-2·5 GUM showed best performance on several parameters of attention and memory, Iso-5 GUM performed best on parameters of memory and Iso-5 LP GUM was positively associated with parameters of attention but less with memory. Std GUM showed only a benefit on one attention and one memory task. Thus, isomaltulose-enriched GUM positively affected parameters of attention and memory at 180 min post-dose when compared with Std GUM. Extra minerals and vitamins seem beneficial, whereas lowering protein content might improve attention in particular.

scholarly journals Self-Rated Attentiveness Interacts with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Noise Stimulation in Reaction Time in a Go/No-Go Task

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverker Sikström ◽  
Anna-Maria Jürgensen ◽  
Maryam Haghighi ◽  
Daniel Månsson ◽  
David Smidelik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Stochastic Resonance ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Noise ◽  
Back Task

Previous research has found that stimulating inattentive people with auditory white noise induces enhancement in cognitive performance. This enhancement is believed to occur due to a statistical phenomenon called stochastic resonance, where noise increases the probability of a signal passing the firing threshold in the neural cells. Here we investigate whether people with low attentiveness benefit to a larger extent than attentive people from stimulation by auditory white noise and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The results show, for both auditory noise and tDCS stimulation, that the changes in performance relative to nonstimulation correlate with the degree of attentiveness in a Go/No-Go task, but not in aN-back task. These results suggest that the benefit of tDCS may interact with inattentiveness.

Reaction Time and Brain Waves in Omitted Stimulus Tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Hernández ◽  
Muriel Vogel-Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Somatosensory Stimuli

A missing stimulus task requires an immediate response to the omission of a regular recurrent stimulus. The task evokes a subclass of event-related potential known as omitted stimulus potential (OSP), which reflects some cognitive processes such as expectancy. The behavioral response to a missing stimulus is referred to as omitted stimulus reaction time (RT). This total RT measure is known to include cognitive and motor components. The cognitive component (premotor RT) is measured by the time from the missing stimulus until the onset of motor action. The motor RT component is measured by the time from the onset of muscle action until the completion of the response. Previous research showed that RT is faster to auditory than to visual stimuli, and that the premotor of RT to a missing auditory stimulus is correlated with the duration of an OSP. Although this observation suggests that similar cognitive processes might underlie these two measures, no research has tested this possibility. If similar cognitive processes are involved in the premotor RT and OSP duration, these two measures should be correlated in visual and somatosensory modalities, and the premotor RT to missing auditory stimuli should be fastest. This hypothesis was tested in 17 young male volunteers who performed a missing stimulus task, who were presented with trains of auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli and the OSP and RT measures were recorded. The results showed that premotor RT and OSP duration were consistently related, and that both measures were shorter with respect to auditory stimuli than to visual or somatosensory stimuli. This provides the first evidence that the premotor RT is related to an attribute of the OSP in all three sensory modalities.

Response-Specific Scalp Distributions in Deception Detection and ERP Correlates of Psychopathic Personality Traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette R. Miller ◽  
J. Peter Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time

Abstract University students were screened using items from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and divided into high (n = 13) and low (n = 11) Psychopathic Personality Trait (PPT) groups. The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was recorded as each group completed a two-block autobiographical oddball task, responding honestly during the first (Phone) block, in which oddball items were participants' home phone numbers, and then feigning amnesia in response to approximately 50% of items in the second (Birthday) block in which oddball items were participants' birthdates. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes correctly identified 100% of low PPT and 92% of high PPT participants as having intact recognition. Both groups demonstrated malingering-related P300 amplitude reduction. For the first time, P300 amplitude and topography differences were observed between honest and deceptive responses to Birthday items. No main between-group P300 effects resulted. Post-hoc analysis revealed between-group differences in a frontally located post-P300 component. Honest responses were associated with late frontal amplitudes larger than deceptive responses at frontal sites in the low PPT group only.

Increased neuronal activation and cognitive performance by detemir as compared to human insulin upon a working memory task – an fMRI study

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Willenborg ◽  
M Nagel ◽  
K Jauch-Chara ◽  
C Erdmann ◽  
H Lehnert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Human Insulin ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Fmri Study

An Event-Related Potential Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of U. S. Navy Alcoholics

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lex L. Merrill ◽  
David A. Kobus ◽  
Jennifer A. Rogale
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Potential Evaluation

scholarly journals Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽  
Xueyin Fei ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

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