scholarly journals 100 Gbaud On–Off Keying/Pulse Amplitude Modulation Links in C-Band for Short-Reach Optical Interconnects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4284
Author(s):  
Oskars Ozolins ◽  
Xiaodan Pang ◽  
Aleksejs Udalcovs ◽  
Richard Schatz ◽  
Sandis Spolitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Optical Interconnects ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Decision Feedback ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation

We experimentally evaluate the high-speed on–off keying (OOK) and four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) transmitter’s performance in C-band for short-reach optical interconnects. We demonstrate up to 100 Gbaud OOK and PAM4 transmission over a 400 m standard single-mode fiber with a monolithically integrated externally modulated laser (EML) having 100 GHz 3 dB bandwidth with 2 dB ripple. We evaluate its capabilities to enable 800 GbE client-side links based on eight, and even four, optical lanes for optical interconnect applications. We study the equalizer’s complexity when increasing the baud rate of PAM4 signals. Furthermore, we extend our work with numerical simulations showing the required received optical power (ROP) for a certain bit error rate (BER) for the different combinations of the effective number of bits (ENOB) and extinction ratio (ER) at the transmitter. We also show a possibility to achieve around 1 km dispersion uncompensated transmission with a simple decision feedback equalizer (DFE) for a 100 Gbaud OOK, PAM4, and eight-level PAM (PAM8) link having the received power penalty of around 1 dB.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on 25 Gbps C-Band PON over up to 25 km SMF Using a 10G-Class DML + APD IM-DD System

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Haoyi Wang ◽  
Pablo Torres-Ferrera ◽  
Valter Ferrero ◽  
Roberto Gaudino
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Modulation Formats

In this paper we present an experimental analysis of several modulation formats (pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-2), quaternary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) and electrical duobinary (EDB)) for passive optical network (PON) applications at 25 Gbps bit rate in a C-band 10G-class directly modulated lasers (DML) and avalanche photodiode (APD) intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) system over a single mode fiber (SMF) of up to 25 km, optimizing DML operations and demonstrating that PAM-2 is a promising choice. We also theoretically and experimentally analyzed the channel frequency response of DML and SMF affected by DML chirp and SMF chromatic dispersion.

scholarly journals Inverted p-down Design for High-Speed Photodetectors

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nada ◽  
Fumito Nakajima ◽  
Toshihide Yoshimatsu ◽  
Yasuhiko Nakanishi ◽  
Atsushi Kanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Optical Communications ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Optical Coupling ◽  
Pin Photodiodes

We discuss the structural consideration of high-speed photodetectors used for optical communications, focusing on vertical illumination photodetectors suitable for device fabrication and optical coupling. We fabricate an avalanche photodiode that can handle 100-Gbit/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (50 Gbaud) signals, and pin photodiodes for 100-Gbaud operation; both are fabricated with our unique inverted p-side down (p-down) design.

Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency of Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Using 1.3 μm Wafer-Fusion VCSELs for Optical Interconnects

ACS Photonics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2018-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wolf ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Andrei Caliman ◽  
Alexandru Mereuta ◽  
Vladimir Iakovlev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Optical Interconnects ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Wafer Fusion

scholarly journals A two-way 224-Gbit/s PAM4-based fibre-FSO converged system

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Han Lu ◽  
Chung-Yi Li ◽  
Wen-Shing Tsai ◽  
Poh-Suan Chang ◽  
Yan-Yu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Cavity Surface ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Surface Emitting Lasers ◽  
Vertical Cavity Surface ◽  
Emitting Lasers

AbstractA two-way 224-Gbit/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4)-based fibre-free-space optical (FSO) converged system through a 25-km single-mode fibre (SMF) transport with 500-m free-space transmission is successfully constructed, which adopts injection-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with polarisation-multiplexing mechanism for a demonstration. Compared with one-way transmission, two-way transmission is an attractive architecture for fibre-FSO converged system. Two-way transmission over SMF transport with free-space transmission not only reduces the required number of fibres and the setups of free-space transmission, but also provides the advantage of capacity doubling. Incorporating dual-wavelength four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) modulation with polarisation-multiplexing mechanism, the transmission capacity of fibre-FSO converged system is significantly enhanced to 224 Gbit/s (56 Gbit/s PAM4/wavelength × 2-wavelength × 2-polarisation) for downlink/uplink transmission. Bit error rate and PAM4 eye diagrams (downstream/upstream) perform well over 25-km SMF transport with 500-m free-space transmission. This proposed two-way fibre-FSO converged system is a prominent one not only because of its development in the integration of fibre backbone with optical wireless extension, but also because of its advantage in two-way transmission for affording high downlink/uplink data rate with good transmission performance.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ETHERNET TRANSMISSION USING M-ARY PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION TECHNIQUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
APENA WALIU OLALEKAN ◽  
OLASUNKANMI OMOWUMI GRACE ◽  
SALAKO ANUOLUWAPO
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Area Network

Low installation costs and high data rates reaching up to 10 Gbps, characterized Ethernet as the local area network (LAN) technology of choice to satisfy the increasing need for high-speed data transmission in packet-based networks. As demand for high speeds in data has increased, copper Ethernet has been integrated to handle these higher speeds. The IEEE 802.3ae* 2002 (10 Gigabit Ethernet) standard is based on data transmission over optical fibre only and in full-duplex mode. This study considered performance evaluation of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) and multilevel (PAM-16) technology in comparison with other PAM versions was carried out to investigate copper Ethernet with respect to higher speed characteristic and error performance. The evaluation was carried out in MATLAB R2017b simulation environment; this provides calculated bit error rates (BER) of the considered modulation schemes under different channel conditions. The results show that PAM-16 has a BER of .which is significantly lower than that of PAM-2 and PAM-4. Additionally, Hamming code were used to detect and correct errors that are inherent in the design and the efficiency of each level of PAM used was analyzed.

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