scholarly journals Impact of One Additional Substitution on Player Load and Coaching Tactics in Elite Football

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7676
Author(s):  
Johannes Meyer ◽  
Stefanie Klatt
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Football Coaches ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Made In

Professional football players, coaches, and researchers have discussed additional substitutions in football to reduce player load for a while. However, the effects of additional substitutions on the game have not yet been investigated in detail. The aim of this paper is to determine whether an additional substitution in (1) extra time and (2) regular time would be beneficial and would lead to (a) greater tactical influence of coaches on the match, (b) load reduction during one match, and (c) load reduction during one season. The methodological approach adopted includes two studies, both of which involve data analysis of substitution times (Study 1: n = 3060; Study 2: n = 1153) as well as a survey of football coaches (Study 1: n = 37; Study 2: n = 25). For assessing the effect of an additional substitution in regular time and in extra time, the substitutions made in the Bundesliga, U19-Bundesliga West, DFB-Cup, and 2018 World Cup were evaluated. The findings of this research clearly indicate the potential of an additional substitution by enabling almost 50% of additional load reduction in regular time and 27% in extra time. However, in practice, the findings showed the limits of an additional substitution in extra time on long-term load reduction.

scholarly journals Medications and Nutritional Supplements in Athletes during the 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012 FIFA Futsal World Cups

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Pedrinelli ◽  
Leandro Ejnisman ◽  
Lorenzo Fagotti ◽  
Jiri Dvorak ◽  
Philippe M. Tscholl
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Prescription Practice

Objective. To examine the use of medications and nutritional supplements among top-level male futsal players during international tournaments.Materials and Methods. This retrospective survey of the four consecutive 2000 to 2012 FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) Futsal World Cup tournaments analyzes data about the use of medications and nutritional supplements by each player prior to every match. A total of 5264 reports on 1064 futsal players were collected from the 188 matches played.Results. A total of 4237 medications and 8494 nutritional supplements (0.8 and 1.6 per player per match, resp.) were prescribed, and 64% of the players used at least one type of medication over the four tournaments. The most frequently prescribed medication was nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (41.1%), whereby 45.7% of all players consumed at least one NSAID during the tournament and 27.4% did so prior to every match.Conclusions. The intake of medications, particularly of NSAIDs, is frequently high among top-level futsal players and follows a similar pattern to that found in FIFA Football World Cups. Campaigns should be instituted to understand this prescription practice by team physicians involving professional football players, with the aim to decrease its use and to prevent athletes from potential short- and long-term risks.

scholarly journals Left Atrial Mechanical Functions in Professional Soccer Players: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Alper Kartal ◽  
Hasan Güngör ◽  
Reşat Kartal ◽  
Esin Ergin
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrium ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Atrial Contraction

Long-term regular exercise is associated with physiologic and morphologic alterations in the heart chambers. The aim of this study to evaluate left atrium (LA) phasic functions in professional football players and compare with control subjects. Left atrial volume was calculated at end-systole (Vmax), end-diastole and pre-atrial contraction by echocardiography in 20 professional male football players (mean age, 20.15+2.11 years) and 20 male control subjects (mean age, 22.3+1.49 years). Echocardiographic assessments were per­formed were performed using the criteria of the American Society of Echocardiography. The following LAVs were measured: maximal volume (Vmax), minimal volume (Vmin) and LAV before atrial contraction (VpreA) at the onset of the P wave of the simultaneously recorded ECG. Left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF), expansion index (LAEI), active emptying volume index (LAAEVI) and fraction(LAAEFr), passive emptying volume index (LAPEVI) and fraction (LAPEFr) were calculated. Baseline characteristics, demographics, two dimensional and tissue Doppler echocardiographic parameters were not statistically significant between the groups (Table 1). Both groups were similar in terms of Vmax index but Vmin index and VpreA index were significantly higher in football players. LAEF, LAEI, LAAEVI and LAAEFr were lesser in football player but they were not statistically significant. Also LAPEVI and LAPEFr were similar in both groups (Table 2). Professional football playing can be associated with morphologic alteration in left atrium mechanical functions. Further prospective, randomized, controlled trials with long term follow-up are necessary to make more robust interpretations of this issue.

scholarly journals Defining Exposures in Professional Football: Professional American-Style Football Players as an Occupational Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596711982921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel G. Grashow ◽  
Andrea L. Roberts ◽  
Ross Zafonte ◽  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone ◽  
Herman Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Football ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Occupational Cohort

Studies of professional American football players have shown that football-related activities lead to acute injuries and may have long-term adverse health outcomes including osteoarthritis, neurocognitive impairment, and cardiovascular disease. However, the full complement of what constitutes professional football exposure has yet to be effectively articulated. Most likely, professional football exposure encompasses a multifaceted array of experiences including head impacts and joint stresses, long-term pain medication use, dietary restrictions, and strenuous training regimens. To study the health of professional American football players, characterizing the group as an occupational cohort and taking advantage of methods established within the discipline of occupational epidemiology may be beneficial. We conducted a narrative review of existing football research, occupational epidemiological methods papers, and occupational medicine studies. Here we describe the traditional occupational epidemiological approach to assessing exposure in a novel cohort and show how this framework could be implemented in studies of professional football players. In addition, we identify the specific challenges associated with studying an elite athletic occupational group, including the healthy worker effect and other types of selection and information biases, and explore these in the context of existing studies of football-related health. The application of well-established occupational epidemiological methods to professional football players may yield new insights into the effects of playing exposure and may provide opportunities for interventions to reduce harm.

scholarly journals Long-term Mortality in NFL Professional Football Players

JAMA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 319 (8) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. DeKosky ◽  
Michael Jaffee ◽  
Russell Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Long Term Mortality

scholarly journals Muscle injury rate in professional football is higher in matches played within 5 days since the previous match: a 14-year prospective study with more than 130 000 match observations

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (17) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Bengtsson ◽  
Jan Ekstrand ◽  
Markus Waldén ◽  
Martin Hägglund
Keyword(s):  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Reference Category ◽  
Individual Player

BackgroundThe association between match congestion and injury rates in professional football has yielded conflicting results.AimTo analyse associations between match congestion on an individual player level and injury rates during professional football matches.MethodsData from a prospective cohort study of professional football with 133 170 match observations were analysed with Poisson regressions. Associations between short-term match congestion, defined as number of days between two match exposures (≤3, 4, 5, 6 and 7–10 days) and injury rates were analysed. To analyse the influence of long-term match congestion, defined as individual match exposure hours in the 30 days preceding a match, observations were categorised into three groups (low, ≤4.5; medium, >4.5 to ≤7.5; and high, >7.5 hours).ResultsNo differences in total match injury rates were found between the reference category (≤3 days) and the other categories of short-term congestion. Muscle injury rates were significantly lower in matches preceded by 6 (rate ratio (RR) 0.79; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.95) or 7–10 days (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.93) compared with ≤3 days since the last match exposure. No differences in total and muscle injury rates between the three long-term match congestion groups were found.ConclusionsIn this study of male professional football players, there were no match congestion-related differences in total match injury rates, but muscle injury rates during matches were lower when players were given at least 6 days between their match exposures.

scholarly journals Talent Development Environments in Football: Comparing the Top-Five and Bottom-Five-Ranked Football Academies in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Kristian Gangsø ◽  
Nils Petter Aspvik ◽  
Ingar Mehus ◽  
Rune Høigaard ◽  
Stig Arve Sæther
Keyword(s):  
Talent Development ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Football Club ◽  
Team Environment

Background: The aim of this study was to examine junior-elite football players’ perception of their talent development environment by comparing clubs ranked as the top-five and bottom-five in the 2017 Norwegian academy classification. Methods: In total, 92 male junior-elite football players recruited from under-19 teams from five professional football club academies took part in the study. The Talent Development Environment Questionnaire (TDEQ-5; Martindale et al. 2010) was used to measure the players’ perceptions of their team environment. Results: The subscale long-term development focus and support network had the highest score and indicated that they perceived that the environment was high quality with respect to those factors. Players from the top-five-ranked clubs perceived their development environments to be significantly more positive with respect to holistic quality preparation, alignment of expectations, communication and, compared to players from the bottom-five-ranked clubs. Conclusions: The players’ perceptions of the talent development environment seem to be in alignment of the academy classification undertaken by the Norwegian top football association.

scholarly journals Organization of sports selection in the system of youth and professional english football

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Andriy Dulibskyy
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Football Players ◽  
System Support ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
English Premier League ◽  
Sports Selection

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the organization and conduct of the process of sports selection in youth and professional football in England. The main scientific and methodological approaches of software and system support of the process of sports selection in youth and professional football in England are analysed. The program of the English Football Association "Talent pathway" (in the Ukrainian edition - "Шлях таланту") is presented in detail. The essence of this program is that due to participation in the program in special "Regional Talent Camps" and "National Talent Camps" thoughtful and in-depth selection and sports training are young football players aged 7 to 16 years. The program of the English Premier League "Premier League Primary Stars" has been studied. We believe that a certain selective broadcast of the English system of organization and conduct of the process of sports selection and selection in youth and professional football is possible in terms of the model of functioning and improvement of youth football schools and football clubs of Ukraine. Scientific and practical approaches to the organization and conduct of educational, training and competitive forms of sports selection and orientation in the age groups "U 10" (children under 10 years) and "U 12" (children under 12 years) are analysed. The system of organization of competitions in age groups "U 14" (teenagers under 14 years) and "U 16" (boys under 16 years) is studied. Such a scientific and methodological approach can provide an opportunity to effectively integrate domestic football to the best examples of European and world sport of excellence, which are competitions under the auspices of FIFA and UEFA.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Analyzing of the Attacks of the Football Team

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Viktor Kostiukevych ◽  
Natalia Shchepotina ◽  
Tetiana Vozniuk
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Model C ◽  
Competitive Activities ◽  
Lesson Observation

The article describes a methodological approach to monitoring and analyzing attacks of a highly qualified football team. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for monitoring and analyzing attacks of highly qualified football teams, taking into account various models of the game tactics. Material and methodology. The competitive activity of the national football teams at the 2018 World Cup was studied. Research methodology: analysis and generalization of the literature sources, lesson observation, video analysis of competitive activities, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. A protocol for registration attacks of the football team has been developed. The estimated scale of penetrating attacks and playing off of standard positions of the football team is identified. A different correlation of positional and fast attacks of national football teams, which used different tactical models of the game, has been established. In one half: for the tactical model "A", positional attacks were 32.3±4.35 (61.8%), fast attacks – 20.0±1.78 (38.2%); for the tactical model "B" – positional attacks – 25.2±4.32 (52.7%), fast attacks – 22.6±4.32 (47.3%); for the tactical model "C" – positional attacks – 32.5±3.49 (67.7%), fast attacks – 15.5±3.96 (32.3%); for the tactical model "D" – positional attacks – 19.2±2.87 (41.9%), fast attacks – 26.6±2.87 (58.1%). At the 2018 world Cup, out of 169 goals, 111 (65.4%) were scored as a result of completing positional attacks, 35 (20.7%) – after playing off of the standard positions, and 23 (13.9%) – after implementing penalty kicks. Conclusions. Monitoring and analyzing the attacks of a football team allows managing persistently the competitive activities of football players both at the operational level during a single game and at the current level during a competitive tournament.

scholarly journals Footballers’ sports selection and game orientation in Belgium

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Andriy Dulibskyy
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Structured System ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Sports Selection

The current stage of development of Ukrainian football requires a software solution to a number of complex problems related to improving the quality of the game and increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian teams in the international arena. In this context, it is essential to address topical issues of sports selection and game orientation of players at all industry levels. We believe that the study of the best Belgian experience in building and organizing a system of sports selection and game orientation of players can fill the necessary information and methodological gap in understanding the deep processes of success in modern high-achievement sports. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the features of the organization and conduct of the process of sports selection and game orientation of Belgian football players. The Belgian Royal Football Association has created a well-thought-out and structured system of education, upbringing, training, improvement and development of playing opportunities for young footballers from the age of 6. The use of game and competitive methods of "nurturing" football talents is the basis of the Belgian theoretical and methodological approach. Simultaneously with the development of creative game potential, the emphasis is on the harmonious growth of football personalities. Clear structuring of training and competitive requirements - the basis of successful performances of the national teams of Belgium in the international arena. The success of the Belgian national football team in recent years is undeniable. The country of 11 million people with only 34 professional football clubs has managed to nurture the "golden football generation".

Threatening Conditions and Challenges in the Modern Living of the Old People in Republic of Macedonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Hava Rexhep
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Functional Dependency ◽  
Old People ◽  
Stomach Diseases ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Build System

The aging is not only a personal but also a social challenge from several aspects, several dimensions; a challenge aiming to build system approaches and solutions with a long term importance. Aims: the main aim of this research is to investigate the conditions and challenges in the modern living of the old people, primarily in terms of the social care. However, this research is concentrated on a big group of the population and their challenges are the most intensive in the modern living. The investigation of the conditions and challenges in the aging are basis and encouragement in realizing the progressive approaches in order to improve the modern living of the old people. The practical aim of the research is a deep investigation and finding important data, analyzing the basic indicators of the conditions, needs and challenges in order to facilitate the old population to get ready for the new life. Methods and techniques: Taking into consideration the complexity of the research problem, the basic methodological approach is performed dominantly by descriptive-analytical method. The basic instrument for getting data in the research is the questionnaire with leading interview for the old people. Results: The research showed that the old people over 70-79 years old in a bigger percentage manifested difficulties primarily related to the functional dependency, respectively 39,33 % of the participants in this category showed concern about some specific functional dependency from the offered categories. The percentage of the stomach diseases with 38,33 % is important, as well as the kidney diseases with 32,83% related to the total population and the category of the old people over 80. Conclusion: The old people very often accept the life as it is, often finding things fulfilled with tolerance and satisfaction. However the health problems of the old people are characterized with a dominant representation. The chronic diseases and the diseases characteristic for the aging are challenge in organizing adequate protection which addresses to taking appropriate regulations, programs and activities.

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