scholarly journals Using Neural Networks for Bicycle Route Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10065
Author(s):  
Jurica Đerek ◽  
Marjan Sikora ◽  
Luka Kraljević ◽  
Mladen Russo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Road Network ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Route Design ◽  
Geographic Information System Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Given

This paper presents the usage of artificial neural networks (NNs) in bicycle route planning. This research aimed to check the possibility of NNs to transfer human expertise in bicycle route design by training the NN on an already established set of bicycle routes and then using the trained NN to design the routes on the novel area. We created two NNs capable of choosing the best route among the given road network by training them on two different areas. The bicycle routes produced by NNs were the same at best and had 75% overlap at the worst compared to those produced by human experts. Furthermore, the mean square error for all of our NN models varied from 0.015 and 0.081. We compared this new approach to the traditional multicriteria GIS (geographic information system) analysis (MA) that requires the human expert to define the bicycle route selection criteria. The benefit of using NN over the MA was that the NN directly transfers the human expertise to a model. In contrast, the MA needs the expert to select multiple criteria and adjust their weights carefully.

scholarly journals A Step-by-Step Guide for Automated Plant Canopy Delineation Using Deep Learning: An Example in Strawberry Using ArcGIS Pro Software

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Abd-Elrahman ◽  
Katie Britt ◽  
Vance Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Information System ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Geographic Information System Analysis ◽  
Agriculture Management

This publication presents a guide to image analysis for researchers and farm managers who use ArcGIS software. Anyone with basic geographic information system analysis skills may follow along with the demonstration and learn to implement the Mask Region Convolutional Neural Networks model, a widely used model for object detection, to delineate strawberry canopies using ArcGIS Pro Image Analyst Extension in a simple workflow. This process is useful for precision agriculture management.

scholarly journals GEOMETRIC ENHANCEMENT OF THE OPENSTREETMAP ROAD NETWORK

2021 ◽  
Vol V-4-2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
F. Z. Belhouari ◽  
I. Boukerch ◽  
K. Si youcef
Keyword(s):  
Delaunay Triangulation ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Geometric Accuracy ◽  
Local Transformation ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Network Quality ◽  
Transformation Methods

Abstract. OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a collaborative project to create a free and editable map of the world. You can think of OSM as the 'Wikipedia' of cartography. An important geospatial component of this database is the road network quality, which is important for applications such as routing and navigation.The objective of this work is the geometric enhancement of the OSM road network using a standard national map as a reference. We use two transformation methods, the global transformation and the local transformation (Delaunay triangulation).This study aims to present a new approach to improve the OSM road network geometrically. To this end, we present a three-step approach based on two techniques that leads to the enhancement of the geometric accuracy of the OSM road network. The first step is the global transformation of the OSM road network. The second step consists of applying the local transformation (Delaunay triangulation) on the OSM road network. In the last step, a comparison between the two methods is examined by calculating the mean and the standard deviation of the checkpoints in order to justify which is the best technique for the geometric enhancement of the OSM road network. We will be particularly interested in the application of this approach in the geometric enhancement / correction where each node of the OSM network will have a newly calculated position. Both approaches have been tested in the region of Oran in Algeria as testing example. The reference data is a city map produced by the National Institute of Cartography and Remote Sensing (INCT) in 2006. The proposed techniques show a clear improvement in geometric accuracy.

scholarly journals INFERRING ROUTING PREFERENCES OF BICYCLISTS FROM SPARSE SETS OF TRAJECTORIES

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W7 ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
J. Oehrlein ◽  
A. Förster ◽  
D. Schunck ◽  
Y. Dehbi ◽  
R. Roscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Road ◽  
Shortest Path Algorithms ◽  
The Given ◽  
Single Set

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Understanding the criteria that bicyclists apply when they choose their routes is crucial for planning new bicycle paths or recommending routes to bicyclists. This is becoming more and more important as city councils are becoming increasingly aware of limitations of the transport infrastructure and problems related to automobile traffic. Since different groups of cyclists have different preferences, however, searching for a single set of criteria is prone to failure. Therefore, in this paper, we present a new approach to classify trajectories recorded and shared by bicyclists into different groups and, for each group, to identify favored and unfavored road types. Based on these results we show how to assign weights to the edges of a graph representing the road network such that minimumweight paths in the graph, which can be computed with standard shortest-path algorithms, correspond to adequate routes. Our method combines known algorithms for machine learning and the analysis of trajectories in an innovative way and, thereby, constitutes a new comprehensive solution for the problem of deriving routing preferences from initially unclassified trajectories. An important property of our method is that it yields reasonable results even if the given set of trajectories is sparse in the sense that it does not cover all segments of the cycle network.</p>

Predicting Single Observer’s Votes from Objective Measures using Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
pp. 130-1-130-8
Author(s):  
Lohic Fotio Tiotsop ◽  
Tomas Mizdos ◽  
Miroslav Uhrina ◽  
Peter Pocta ◽  
Marcus Barkowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Opinion Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insight Into

The last decades witnessed an increasing number of works aiming at proposing objective measures for media quality assessment, i.e. determining an estimation of the mean opinion score (MOS) of human observers. In this contribution, we investigate a possibility of modeling and predicting single observer’s opinion scores rather than the MOS. More precisely, we attempt to approximate the choice of one single observer by designing a neural network (NN) that is expected to mimic that observer behavior in terms of visual quality perception. Once such NNs (one for each observer) are trained they can be looked at as “virtual observers” as they take as an input information about a sequence and they output the score that the related observer would have given after watching that sequence. This new approach allows to automatically get different opinions regarding the perceived visual quality of a sequence whose quality is under investigation and thus estimate not only the MOS but also a number of other statistical indexes such as, for instance, the standard deviation of the opinions. Large numerical experiments are performed to provide further insight into a suitability of the approach.

scholarly journals Morphological identification of parasitic nematode infective larvae of small ruminants and cattle: A practical lab guide

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A. Van Wyk ◽  
Estelle Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distinguishing Features

In 2004, a new concept was introduced for simplifying identification of larvae of the common nematodes of cattle, sheep and goats that comprises estimates of the lengths of the sheath tail extensions of infective third-stage larvae (L3) of each genus and/or species to that of Trichostrongylus spp., instead of having to be dependent only on measurements in micrometre. For example, if the mean length of the sheath tail extension (the extension of the sheath caudad, beyond the caudal tip of the larva) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus axei is assumed to be ‘X’, then that ofHaemonchus contortus is 2.0–2.7 ‘X’ – a difference that is not difficult to estimate. An additional new approach suggested now, particularly for L3 of species and/or genera difficult to differentiate (such as Chabertia ovina and Oesophagostomum columbianum), is to estimate the proportion of the larval sheath tail extension comprising a terminal thin, whip-like filament. For the experienced person, it is seldom necessary to measure more than one or two sheath tail extensions of L3 in a mixed culture, because the identity of most of the remaining L3 can thereafter be estimated in relation to those measured, without having to take further measurements. The aim of this article was to present the novel approach in the form of a working guide for routine use in the laboratory. To facilitate identification, figures and a separate organogram for each of small ruminants and cattle have been added to illustrate the distinguishing features of the common L3.

scholarly journals «От автора» к читателю «Братьев Карамазовых» Тайна, чудо и авторитет – герменевтическая перспектива в предисловии романа

SlavVaria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
КАТАЛИН КРОО
Keyword(s):  
Reading Strategy ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Problem Context ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Brothers Karamazov ◽  
Time Concepts ◽  
Brothers Karamazov ◽  
The Given

“From the Author” to the Reader of The Brothers Karamazov. Mystery, Miracle and Authority – Hermeneutic Perspectives in the Preface to the Novel. The paper offers new aspects to the critical reading of the widely interpreted preface “From the Author” in Dostoevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazov. Giving a synthesis of the historical, narratological and rethorical perspectives in the interpretation of the given text, this new approach enters a systematic metapoetic explanation. The semantic units examined lead to the triple motif construction, familiar from “The Grand Inqusitor” – mystery, miracle and authority. It is mystery that stands at the focus of the examination within the problem context of cognition, understanding, interpretation. The internally contradictory idea of elucidating something which is still unclear is projected upon such time concepts as pred – post, beginning – end, the actual moment and processuality. These motifs make reference both to the modelled reality and the modelling literary discourse, metapoetically setting a reading strategy for the recipient.

STRUKTUR NARASI NOVEL CA BAU KAN, KARYA REMY SYLADO ANALISIS SEMIOTIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Sri Sabakti
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Basic Scheme ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Mean

This research is aimed to expose the narrative structure of the novel Ca Bau Kan by using semiotical theory. The source of the data is the novel Ca Bau kan written by Remy Silado and published by KPG, eight edition, 2004. The data is collected by doing the library research. The teory applied in this research is the emiotical theory, especially the literary analysis of Subur Laksono Wardoyo that the analysis of the text of prose can be applied by using three fases; the analysis of the basic scheme narrative, the analysis of mean signifier, and the analysis of syntagmatics and pragmatics. The result of this research showed that the narrative structure in the novel CBK that (1) the life of Tinung before being a ca bau kan, (2) the life of Tinung as a ca bau kan, and (3) the life of Tinung after not being a ca bau kan anymore. Based on the narrative structure, it was found that “ Love is only one. No measurement is needed” is the mean signifier and able to be clarified by the analysis of syntagmatics-paradigmatics based on the biner oposition of weak x strong.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan stuktur narasi dalam novel Ca Bau Kan (CBK) dengan menggunakan teori semiotika. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data novel CBK karya Remy Silado yang diterbitkan oleh KPG, cetakan kedelapan tahun 2004. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan teknik kepustakaan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori semiotika, khususnya analisis sastra menurut Subur Laksono Wardoyo bahwa analisis teks prosa dapat dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu: analisis skema naratif dasar, analisis signifier utama, dan analisis sintagmatik-paradigmatik. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa struktur narasi pada novel CBK adalah sebagai berikut: 1) kehidupan Tinung sebelum menjadi ca bau kan, 2) kehidupan Tinung sebagai ca bau kan, dan 3) kehidupan Tinung setelah tidak menjadi ca bau kan. Berdasarkan struktur narasi, maka didapatkan bahwa “Cinta cuma satu, kagak perlu takaran” merupakan penanda utama dan dapat diperjelas melalui analisis sintagmatik-paradigmatik yang didasarkan atas sebuah oposisi biner lemah x kuat.

Scientific-methodological approach to the substantiation of the rational seasonal scenario of using combine harvesters by large-scale agricultural producers

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
V. Skibchyk ◽  
V. Dnes ◽  
R. Kudrynetskyi ◽  
O. Krypuch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Аnnotation Purpose. To increase the efficiency of technological processes of grain harvesting by large-scale agricultural producers due to the rational use of combine harvesters available on the farm. Methods. In the course of the research the methods of system analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system-factor and system-event approaches, graphic method were used. Results. Characteristic events that occur during the harvesting of grain crops, both within a single production unit and the entire agricultural producer are identified. A method for predicting time intervals of use and downtime of combine harvesters of production units has been developed. The roadmap of substantiation the rational seasonal scenario of the use of grain harvesters of large-scale agricultural producers is developed, which allows estimating the efficiency of each of the scenarios of multivariate placement of grain harvesters on fields taking into account influence of natural production and agrometeorological factors on the efficiency of technological cultures. Conclusions 1. Known scientific and methodological approaches to optimization of machine used in agriculture do not take into account the risks of losses of crops due to late harvesting, as well as seasonal natural and agrometeorological conditions of each production unit of the farmer, which requires a new approach to the rational use of rational seasonal combines of large agricultural producers. 2. The developed new approach to the substantiation of the rational seasonal scenario of the use of combined harvesters of large-scale agricultural producers allows taking into account the costs of harvesting of grain and the cost of the lost crop because of the lateness of harvesting at optimum variants of attraction of additional free combine harvesters. provides more profit. 3. The practical application of the developed road map will allow large-scale agricultural producers to use combine harvesters more efficiently and reduce harvesting costs. Keywords: combine harvesters, use, production divisions, risk, seasonal scenario, large-scale agricultural producers.

A new simpler approach to measure the strength of toe plantar flexion requiring no mechanical restraint with a light-weight device

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110029
Author(s):  
Yuko Komuro ◽  
Yuji Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mechanical Restraint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
The Mean

Conventionally, the strength of toe plantar flexion (STPF) is measured in a seated position, in which not only the target toe joints but also the knee and particularly ankle joints, are usually restrained. We have developed an approach for the measurement of STPF which does not involve restraint and considers the interactions of adjacent joints of the lower extremities. This study aimed to evaluate this new approach and comparing with the seated approach. A thin, light-weight, rigid plate was attached to the sole of the foot in order to immobilize the toe area. Participants were 13 healthy young women (mean age: 24 ± 4 years). For measurement of STPF with the new approach, participants were instructed to stand, raise the device-wearing leg slightly, plantar flex the ankle, and push the sensor sheet with the toes to exert STPF. The sensor sheet of the F-scan II system was inserted between the foot sole and the plate. For measurement with the seated approach, participants were instructed to sit and push the sensor with the toes. They were required to maintain the hip, knee, and ankle joints at 90°. The mean values of maximum STPF of the 13 participants obtained with each approach were compared. There was no significant difference in mean value of maximum STPF when the two approaches were compared (new: 59 ± 23 N, seated: 47 ± 33 N). The coefficient of variation of maximum STPF was smaller for data obtained with the new approach (new: 39%, seated: 70%). Our simple approach enables measurement of STPF without the need for the restraints that are required for the conventional seated approach. These results suggest that the new approach is a valid method for measurement of STPF.

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