scholarly journals Circuit Breakers in Low- and Medium-Voltage DC Microgrids for Protection against Short-Circuit Electrical Faults: Evolution and Future Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Bayron Perea-Mena ◽  
Jaime A. Valencia-Velasquez ◽  
Jesús M. López-Lezama ◽  
Juan B. Cano-Quintero ◽  
Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Electrical Faults ◽  
Medium Voltage Dc

This paper deals with circuit breakers (CBs) used in direct current microgrids (DCMGs) for protection against electrical faults, focusing on their evolution and future challenges in low voltage (<1.5 kV) and medium voltage (between 1.5 kV and 20 kV). In recent years, proposals for new circuit-breaker features have grown. Therefore, a review on the evolution of circuit breakers for DCMGs is of utmost importance. In general terms, this paper presents a review concerning the evolution of circuit breakers used in DCMGs, focusing on fuses, mechanical circuit breakers (MCBs), solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs), and hybrid circuit breakers (HCBs). Their evolution is presented highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each device. It was found that although modern circuit breakers have begun to be commercially available, many of them are still under development; consequently, some traditional fuses and MCBs are still common in DCMGs, but under certain restrictions or limitations. Future challenges that would allow a successful and adequate implementation of circuit breakers in DCMGs are also presented.

scholarly journals DAB Based DC-DC High Frequency Link PET for Interconnecting MVDC-LVDC Grids

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (05) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
D.Srinivasa Rao & Dr. Anupama A. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Electronic Transformer ◽  
Power Electronic Transformer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medium Voltage Dc

This paper proposes dual active bridge (DAB) based high frequency power electronic transformer (PET) for interconnecting medium voltage dc (MVDC) and low voltage dc (LVDC) grids for dc power distribution. The above proposed concept works on dual active phase shift principle and square wave HF modulation technique for bidirectional power transfer. Compared to the traditional dc transformer scheme, The proposed power electronic transformer (PET) can disconnect from LVDC distribution grid effectively as a dc breaker when a short circuit fault occurs in the distribution grid. The isolated DC-DC PET topology with a wide range of voltage conversion ratio is useful for High Voltage DC tapping. The DAB based on switched capacitor is connected to the medium voltage DC side and acts as an inverter. The proposed topology has the ability to transfer higher power, and lower circulating power, lower high frequency link voltage, and RMS current and peak values with the same transmission power in the MVDC side. This paper analyzes the topology, voltage and power characterization, control strategy in detail. Increase in the intermediate AC frequency will reduce the size of the transformer and other passive elements significantly in the circuit. The theoretical analysis is supported by MATLAB simulation.

scholarly journals A Novel Low Voltage Selective Circuit Breaker with Additional Current Path

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8179
Author(s):  
Bartosz Rozegnał ◽  
Paweł Albrechtowicz ◽  
Piotr Cisek
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Current Path ◽  
Correct Reaction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The subject of the article is a description of the operating principle of the new proposal of the selective circuit breaker, which is an extension of the existing selective devices. The solution proposed in the article allows one to increase the selectivity range of classic selective circuit breakers. In the case of networks with high values of short-circuit loop impedance, operating at reduced supply voltage, the proposed solution will not limit the short-circuit current too excessively as it is in the case of classic solutions. This advantage will allow for the correct reaction of the protections preceding them. The article presents the structure and analysis of the selection of parameters of the proposed solution. The results of simulation calculations have also been illustrated.

scholarly journals Development of a Method and Algorithm for Inhibiting an Automatic Transfer Switch of the Circuit Breaker for a Sustained Short-Circuit

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Igor Nikolaevich Fomin ◽  
Roman Pavlovich Belikov ◽  
Tatyana Anatolyevna Kudinova ◽  
Nailya Kamilevna Miftakhova
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Ring Network ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Short Circuit Currents

Circuit breakers with automatic transfer switches (ATS) are designed in such a way that when the voltage disappears during a short-circuit (SC) in the ring network line, the ATS device is triggered. At the same time, its switch is turned on at short-circuit, then it is turned off with acceleration. Even a shortterm switching on of the automatic transfer switch for a sustained short-circuit leads to emergency situations [1,2]. The electrical equipment of the ring network spare line is exposed to high emergency short-circuit currents, and the consumers powered by the spare transformer are turned off. It is possible to minimize and eliminate the damages caused by the above mentioned cases by inhibiting the switching on of the circuitbreaker of the automatic transfer switch.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Prestrike Characteristics of a Double-Break Vacuum Circuit Breaker under DC Voltages

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3217
Author(s):  
Yun Geng ◽  
Xiaofei Yao ◽  
Jinlong Dong ◽  
Xue Liu ◽  
Yingsan Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Vacuum Circuit Breaker ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Single Break

The prestrike phenomenon in vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) is interesting but complicated. Previous studies mainly focus on the prestrike phenomenon in single-break VCBs. However, experimental work on prestrike characteristics of double-break VCBs cannot be found in literature. This paper aims to experimentally determine the probabilistic characteristics of prestrike gaps in a double-break VCB consisting of two commercial vacuum interrupters (VIs) in series under direct current (DC) voltages. As a benchmark, single-break prestrike gaps were measured by short-circuiting one of the VIs in a double break. The experimental results show that the 50% prestrike gap d50 of each VI in a double break, which is calculated with the complementary Weibull distribution, was significantly reduced by 25% to 72.7% compared with that in a single break. Due to the voltage-sharing effect in the double-break VCB, scatters in prestrike gaps of each VI in a double break was smaller than that in a single break. However, without the sharing-voltage effect, d50 of the low-voltage side in the double break was 65% higher than that of the same VI in the single break, which could be caused by the asynchronous property of mechanical actuators, the difference of the inherent prestrike characteristics of each VI and the unequal voltage-sharing ratio of VIs.

scholarly journals Bidirectional Short-Circuit Current Blocker for DC Microgrid Based on Solid-State Circuit Breaker

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujun Wang ◽  
Boyu Feng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Tiezhou Wu ◽  
Huipin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Rotational Inertia ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Solid State Circuit ◽  
Solid State Circuit Breaker

In order to solve the imminent problem in that the traditional protection strategy cannot meet time requirements, together with the fact that the rotational inertia of a DC microgrid is small and short-circuit fault develops rapidly, a bidirectional short-circuit current blocker (BSCCB) based on solid-state circuit breaker for a DC microgrid is proposed. Firstly, the bidirectional current blocking circuit structure is proposed based on the analysis of key components. Then, a top-level differential protection strategy is developed based on the aforementioned proposal. Finally, the performance of the blocking circuit is simulated and verified by experiments. The results show that the proposed method can block short-circuit current within 4 ms, and the response speed of the protection strategy is very fast compared with previous approaches. BSCCB also has reclosing, bidirectional blocking and energy releasing functions. The current blocker proposed in this paper can be reused multiple times and has a promising future in low-voltage DC microgrid application.

scholarly journals Analysis of Weibull and Poisson Distribution use in Medium Voltage Circuit Breakers RUL Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dragan Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Distribution Calculation ◽  
Useful Life

In this paper, Weibull and Poisson distribution calculation are carried out with new data to conclude a conclusion are they suitable for circuit breakers remaining useful life assessment (RUL). Old data are covering a 10 years period consisting of measured voltage drop on CB contacts and number of tripped short circuit faults. In this paper, new data, from the last 3 years, would be used to make a comparison with old data and make conclusions have been probability distributions correctly chosen.

3D Thermal Analysis of a Power Supply Busbar Structure

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Plesca ◽  
Alina Scintee
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Convective Heat Exchange ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Electrical Apparatus

Busbar technology is more and more used to realize connections within power supply systems in answer to the need of compactness. The integrated problem on heat conduction and radiation-convective heat exchange describes the temperature regime in current conductors and current carrying busbars of power electrical apparatus such as circuit breakers or high breaking capacity fuses. Beside steady-state conditions, the transient thermal regime of busbar has an important influence upon whole power supply system from thermal behaviour point of view. Hence, a 3D thermal analysis of a power system including fuse, low voltage circuit breaker and busbars connections, using a specific software package based on Finite Element Method, has been done. From 3D thermal modelling and simulations, the thermal transient impedance for the busbar has been computed. This allows a better correlation between protection characteristics of the fuse and circuit breaker and busbar design.

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