scholarly journals Application of Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends under Idle Operating Conditions in a Common-Rail Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Kim ◽  
Jun Ge ◽  
Nag Choi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Co Emission ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

This study describes the effects of palm oil biodiesel blended with diesel on the combustion performance, emission characteristics, and soot morphology in a 4-cylinder common-rail direct-injection (CRDI) diesel engine. The operational condition is idle speed, 750 rpm (the lowest speed of the test engine without any operation by driver), and the load conditions of the engine are 0 Nm and 40 Nm. Five kinds of biodiesel fuels are blended with diesel in 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% proportions by volume. A pilot injection was applied at BTDC 15 °CA and 20 °CA. Part of the pilot injection affects the combustion of the main injection due to the deterioration of the spray because of the high viscosity of palm oil biodiesel. Palm oil biodiesel is sufficient to keep the engine stable in an idling state, but the fuel economy deteriorated. The deterioration of the spray due to the high viscosity of palm oil biodiesel is offset by the effect of oxygen content and high cetane number, resulting in a constant nitric oxide (NOx) emission. However, particulate matter (PM) is reduced. When the engine load is increased, the carbon monoxide (CO) emission amount increased because of the insufficient intake air and oxygen content to reduce the fuel-rich areas. However, when the palm oil biodiesel blend ratio was above a certain level, the influence of oxygen content in the palm oil biodiesel increased, resulting in reduced CO emission levels. Hydrocarbon (HC) was reduced by oxygen atoms in palm oil biodiesel. The sizes of particulates emitted from diesel engine using palm oil biodiesel decreased with an increased blend ratio because of oxidization of hydrocarbons absorbed on PM.

scholarly journals Study on Volatile Organic Compounds from Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends at Low Idle Speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4969
Author(s):  
Ho Young Kim ◽  
Nag Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Idle Speed ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

This paper presents the combustion and emissions characteristics including volatile organic compound (VOC) of a common rail direct injection diesel engine fueled with palm oil biodiesel blends contained 0%, 10%, 30%, and 100% (by volume) biodiesel at low idle speed, i.e., 750 rpm. The nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions of biodiesel blends were lower than that of pure diesel and NOx tended to decrease as the blending ratio increased. Soot opacity and hydrocarbon (HC) were reduced with an increasing blend ratio. Carbon monoxide (CO) varied with the engine load conditions. Under low load, CO emissions tended to decrease with increasing blending ratio and increased under high load. Alkane and aromatic VOCs were mostly emitted. Benzene and tetrahydrofuran accounted for the largest percentage of total detected VOCs in all test conditions. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX, toxic aromatic VOCs) were detected for all tests. Among BTEX, benzene has the highest emission ratio, followed by xylene, toluene, and ethylbenzene. Benzene increased for all tests. At low engine load, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene decreased with increasing blend ratio. However, these increased at high engine load. When pure palm oil biodiesel was applied at high engine load, benzene decreased.

scholarly journals Effects of pilot injection timing and EGR on a modern V6 common rail direct injection diesel engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 012008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Rosli Abdullah ◽  
Rizalman Mamat ◽  
Miroslaw L Wyszynski ◽  
Anthanasios Tsolakis ◽  
Hongming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine

scholarly journals Effect of Ethanol Additives on Combustion and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Palm Oil Biodiesel at Idling Speed

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Guirong Wu ◽  
Jun Cong Ge ◽  
Nag Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Smoke Opacity ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

Biodiesel is known for its high cetane number and high oxygen content among other advantages, but its high viscosity and density are not trivial issues for fuel flow and atomization, especially under idling conditions. Due to low cylinder temperature and incomplete combustion, engine idling is one of the worst operating conditions. As a common fuel additive, ethanol can address some of the shortcomings of biodiesel. This work evaluated the combustion and emission characteristics of different concentrations of ethanol additives on a diesel engine fueled with palm oil biodiesel under idling conditions. The results show that ethanol helps to increase peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate, suppressing the production of certain emissions with a maximum reduction in smoke opacity of 71%.

scholarly journals Soot Particle Size Distribution, Regulated and Unregulated Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5736
Author(s):  
Jun Cong Ge ◽  
Nag Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Soot Particle ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Unregulated Emissions ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

In this study, five fuels including pure diesel (B0), pure palm oil biodiesel (B100), and their blends (B10, B20, and B30) were investigated in relation to soot particle distribution and regulated and unregulated emission characteristics in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. The results indicated that CO, hydrocarbon (HC), and particulate matter (PM) regulated emissions were effectively controlled to a very low level by combining the addition of palm oil biodiesel (POB) to diesel with optimized engine operating conditions. Paper filters and TEM grids were used to capture the diesel particles. All the PM primary particles were less than 100 nm in diameter observed by TEM, and the average diameters of the PM primary particles for the biodiesel blends were distributed between 20 and 26 nm. Unregulated emissions such as trace metals including Pb, Mn, and Ba were found in the PM particles, and the xylene, toluene, and benzene unregulated emissions of B100 were reduced by 55.68%, 21.56%, and 18.32%, respectively, compared to those of B0. Therefore, POB is an excellent alternative fuel for diesel engines and has great application potential to solve the current pollution problems of regulated and unregulated emissions.

Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuel in a Direct Injection Common-Rail Diesel Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyu Suh ◽  
Hyun Gu Rho ◽  
Chang Sik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of mixing ratio and pilot injection on spray and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel and compared with those of diesel fuel in a direct injection common-rail diesel engine. In order to study the influence factors of biodiesel fuel on the spray and combustion characteristics, the experiments were conducted at various mixing ratios and injection conditions of the biodiesel and engine operating conditions. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics such as injection rate, split injection effect, spray tip penetration, droplet diameter, and axial velocity distribution of biodiesel fuel were compared with the results of conventional diesel fuel by using spray visualization system composed of Ar-ion laser, ICCD camera and phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) system. The combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of biodiesel fuel were studies using common-rail diesel engine with four cylinders. For the biodiesel blended fuel, it was revealed that higher injection pressure is needed to achieve the same injection rate at the higher mixing ratio. The spray tip penetration of biodiesel fuel was much the same with those of diesel. The atomization characteristics of biodiesel were inferior to conventional diesel fuel due to high viscosity and surface tension. The peak combustion pressures of both fuels were increased with advanced injection timing and the combustion pressure of biodiesel fuel is higher than that of diesel fuel. As the pilot injection timing is advanced to the TDC, the dissimilarities of both fuels combustion pressure are reduced. It can be also founded that the pilot injection can enhance the deteriorated spray and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel caused by physical fuel properties.

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