scholarly journals Shoe Cushioning Effects on Foot Loading and Comfort Perception during Typical Basketball Maneuvers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xini Zhang ◽  
Zhen Luo ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jiaxin Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comfort Perception ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
Foot Loading ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between foot loading and comfort perception in two basketball shoes during basketball-specific maneuvers. Methods: Twelve male collegiate basketball players were required to complete three basketball maneuvers (i.e., side-step cutting, 90° L-direction running, and lay-up jumping) in two basketball shoe conditions (shoe L and shoe N, with different midsole cushioning types). Two Kistler force plates and a Medilogic insole plantar pressure system were used to collect kinetic data (i.e., impact force, peak loading rate, and plantar pressure variables). Perception scales were used to evaluate comfort perception. Results: No significant difference was observed between the two shoes during maneuvers in terms of ground reaction force. However, the plantar pressure of shoe L in the midfoot and lateral foot regions was significantly greater than that of shoe N during side-step cutting and lay-up jumping. Shoe N was significantly superior to shoe L, especially in dynamic scale in terms of the perception of comfort. The plantar pressure and perception characteristics in the two shoes were significantly different but inconsistent with each other. Conclusion: The biomechanical characteristics of the shoes themselves and the perception evaluation of the athletes should be considered in comprehensive shoe-cushioning design and evaluation.

scholarly journals Do Strike Patterns or Shoe Conditions Have a Predominant Influence on Foot Loading?

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaole Sun ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Xini Zhang ◽  
Weijie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Maximum Loading ◽  
Peak Plantar Pressure ◽  
Foot Loading ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to explore the effects of strike patterns and shoe conditions on foot loading during running. Twelve male runners were required to run under shoe (SR) and barefoot conditions (BR) with forefoot (FFS) and rearfoot strike patterns (RFS). Kistler force plates and the Medilogic insole plantar pressure system were used to collect kinetic data. SR with RFS significantly reduced the maximum loading rate, whereas SR with FFS significantly increased the maximum push-off force compared to BR. Plantar pressure variables were more influenced by the strike patterns (15 out of 18 variables) than shoe conditions (7 out of 18 variables). The peak pressure of midfoot and heel regions was significantly increased in RFS, but appeared in a later time compared to FFS. The influence of strike patterns on running, particularly on plantar pressure characteristics, was more significant than that of shoe conditions. Heel-toe running caused a significant impact force on the heel, whereas wearing cushioned shoes significantly reduced the maximum loading rate. FFS running can prevent the impact caused by RFS. However, peak plantar pressure was centered at the forefoot for a long period, thereby inducing a potential risk of injury in the metatarsus/phalanx.

The Relationship Between Vertical Ground Reaction Force, Loading Rate, and Sound Characteristics During a Single-Leg Landing

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Caroline Lisee ◽  
Tom Birchmeier ◽  
Arthur Yan ◽  
Brent Geers ◽  
Kaitlin O’Hagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Sound Frequency ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Loading

Context: Landing kinetic outcomes are associated with injury risk and may be persistently altered after anterior cruciate ligament injury or reconstruction. However, it is challenging to assess kinetics clinically. The relationship between sound characteristics and kinetics during a limited number of functional tasks has been supported as a potential clinical alternative. Objective: To assess the relationship between kinetics and sound characteristics during a single-leg landing task. Design: Observational Setting: Laboratory. Participants: There was total of 26 healthy participants (15 males/11 females, age = 24.8 [3.6] y, height = 176.0 [9.1] cm, mass = 74.9 [14.4] kg, Tegner Activity Scale = 6.1 [1.1]). Intervention: Participants completed single-leg landings onto a force plate while audio characteristics were recorded. Main Outcome Measures: Peak vertical ground reaction force, linear loading rate, instantaneous loading rate, peak sound magnitude, sound frequency were measured. Means and SDs were calculated for each participant’s individual limbs. Spearman rho correlations were used to assess the relationships between audio characteristics and kinetic outcomes. Results: Peak sound magnitude was positively correlated with normalized peak vertical ground reaction force (ρ = .486, P = .001); linear loading rate (ρ = .491, P = .001); and instantaneous loading rate (ρ = .298, P = .03). Sound frequency was negatively correlated with instantaneous loading rate (ρ = −.444, P = .001). Conclusions: Peak sound magnitude may be more helpful in providing feedback about an individual’s normalized vertical ground reaction force and linear loading rate, and sound frequency may be more helpful in providing feedback about instantaneous loading rate. Further refinement in sound measurement techniques may be required before these findings can be applied in a clinical population.

Effect of Running Speed and Midsole Type on Foot Loading in Heel–Toe Running

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Piaolin Peng ◽  
Shaolan Ding ◽  
Zhikang Wang ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Jiahao Pan
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Polyurethane Elastomer ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Foot Loading

The purpose of this study was to explore the immediate effects of running speed and midsole type on foot loading during heel–toe running. Fifteen healthy male college students were required to complete 3 running trials on an indoor 45-m tartan runway at 4 different speeds (3, 4, 5, and 6 m/s) using 2 different running footwear types (engineering thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, polyurethane elastomer; and ethylene vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate). The ground reaction force and plantar pressure data were quantified. Significant speed effects were detected both in ground reaction force and plantar pressure-related data (P < .05). Vertical average loading rate was significantly less, and time to first peak occurred later for the polyurethane elastomer compared with vinyl acetate footwear (P < .05). The peak pressure of the heel, medial forefoot, central forefoot, lateral forefoot, and big toe was significantly less when subjects wore a polyurethane elastomer than vinyl acetate footwear (P < .05). Overall, our results suggested that, compared with the vinyl acetate footwear, the special polyurethane elastomer footwear that is adhered with thousands of polyurethane elastomer granules was effective at reducing the mechanical impact on the foot.

Normalization of Ground Reaction Forces

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Mullineaux ◽  
Clare E. Milner ◽  
Irene S. Davis ◽  
Joseph Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Covariate Effect ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Dimensionality Theory ◽  
The Relationship

The appropriateness of normalizing data, as one method to reduce the effects of a covariate on a dependent variable, should be evaluated. Using ratio, 0.67-nonlinear, and fitted normalizations, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ground reaction force variables and body mass (BM). Ground reaction forces were recorded for 40 female subjects running at 3.7 ± 0.18 m·s–1 (mass = 58 ± 6 kg). The explained variance for mass to forces (peak-impact-vertical = 70%; propulsive-vertical = 27%; braking = 40%) was reduced to < 0.1% for mass to ratio normalized forces (i.e., forces/BM1) with statistically significantly different power exponents (p < 0.05). The smaller covariate effect of mass on loading rate variables of 2–16% was better removed through fitted normalization (e.g., vertical-instantaneous-loading-rate/BM0.69±0.93; ±95% CI) with nonlinear power exponents ranging from 0.51 to 1.13. Generally, these were similar to 0.67 as predicted through dimensionality theory, but, owing to the large confidence intervals, these power exponents were not statistically significantly different from absolute or ratio normalized data (p > 0.05). Further work is warranted to identify the appropriate method to normalize loading rates either to mass or to another covariate. Ratio normalization of forces to mass, as predicted through Newtonian mechanics, is recommended for comparing subjects of different masses.

Study on Plantar Pressure of Male Adults during Walking with Single-Shoulder Weight

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 3063-3066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Qiang Li ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Jiang Guo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Biped Robot ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Platform System ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this study was to investigate plantar pressure of male adults under different sing-shoulder weight during walking. Experiments were conducted at single-shoulder load styles in four different weight conditions by three-dimension force platform system. Four weight conditions were 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of body weight. Seven characteristic parameters were selected and analyzed by statistical methods. The results showed a significant difference for the male subjects at 13% of body weight loads comparing with natural walk. Ground reaction force was employed to analyze human movement. This study was designed to obtain the data of foot pressure, which was important to the balance of control of biped robot.

scholarly journals The effect of taping on maximum plantar pressure and ground reaction force in people with flat foot after applying a fatigue protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Aghakeshizadeh ◽  
Amir Letafatkar ◽  
Peyman Aghaei Ataabadi ◽  
Mahdi Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
External Support ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: People suffering from flat foot show more movements in hindfoot and midfoot joints as compared to the others. The anti-pronation tapings are supposed to provide temporary external support for the medial longitudinal arch. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two types of anti-pronation taping on the lower limb kinetics in flat foot people before and after performing a physical fatigue protocol. Methods: 20 male and female with flat foot aged 22.39 ± 2.02 years old were studied under three conditions (untaping, reverse-6 taping and low-dye taping) either before or after fatigue states. The maximum plantar pressure and ground reaction force were measured by an RSscan foot scan system during walking. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed after applying two types of taping (reverse-6 vs. low-dye taping) in the maximum plantar pressure perceived in metatarsus 1 (P = 0.016) and lateral heel (P = 0.044). In the post-fatigue conditions, there were significant differences between the two taping types in metatarsus 4 (P = 0.024). The maximum ground reaction force in toe 1 (P = 0.001), toe 2-5 (P = 0.001), metatarsus 5 (P = 0.001), and medial heel (P = 0.001) was significantly different between reverse-6 and Low-dye tapings. Conclusions: The results indicated that the low-dye and reverse-6 taping types can reduce the pressure on the medial side of the foot, and push it towards the lateral side. It is therefore suggested using taping as an effective treatment for redistribution of the pressure and force in sole of the foot in people with flat foot.

Beliefs in Internal-External Control of Reinforcement and Participation in Group and Individual Sports

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Lynn ◽  
Joseph G. Phelan ◽  
Vernon L. Kiker
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
External Control ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
School Activity

Three groups of 30 12- to 15-yr.-old males, students of California junior high schools, matched for age and IQ, were tested on the Rotter I-E Scale. Group A (school basketball players) were considered to be group sports participants, Group B (gymnasts) individual sportsmen, and Group C non-participants in any school activity. A significant difference in the direction of internal control for group sports participants was noted. Individual sports participants and non-participants were alike in being significantly higher in external control than group players. Further research on the relationship between internal control and self-esteem seems warranted for group sports participants.

THE INFLUENCE OF TRUNK BRACING ON TIME, SPATIAL PARAMETERS, SYMMETRY OF GROUND REACTION FORCE AND LOADING RATE IN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650009
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD TAGHI KARIMI ◽  
MAHSA KAVYANI ◽  
FRANCIS FATOYE ◽  
EBRAHIM SADEGHI DAMNEH ◽  
MOHAMMAD REZA ETEMADIFAR
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) leads to change between body segments, right-left trunk symmetry and produce pathological gait pattern. The influence of trunk bracing on symmetry of ground reaction force components and loading rate on idiopathic scoliosis has not been well documented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of trunk bracing on symmetry of forces in adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis. Method: A total of 10 patients with AIS and 10 healthy subjects with comparable age, height and weight were recruited in this study. The force applied on the right and left sides in both groups of subjects were recorded by use of a Kistler force plate while walking. The peak of the vertical force (the first and second peaks) and the force applied on the leg in anteroposterior direction (progression and breaking forces) and mediolateral force were collected in this study. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the asymmetry index of anteroposterior force of normal and scoliotic patients [Formula: see text]. Moreover, trunk bracing decreased asymmetry index of loading rate of scoliotic patients significantly [Formula: see text]. There was no significant difference between the other examined kinetic variables. Conclusion: There are some degrees of asymmetry between the forces applied on the leg in scoliotic subjects. Orthosis decreased the forces applied on the leg in patients with scoliosis. Clinicians are to be aware of these findings as orthotic devices may be of value to patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

scholarly journals Foot Loading Symmetry is Improved after Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0031
Author(s):  
Dukens LaBaze ◽  
Milad Zarei ◽  
Ken Urish ◽  
William Anderst ◽  
MaCalus V. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Unicompartmental Knee ◽  
Foot Loading ◽  
And Function

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) is a surgical option for osteoarthritis in a single compartment of the knee. Compared to Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), UKA is less expensive, retains the cruciate ligaments and results in lower post-operative morbidity.[1] It has been reported that about 10 percent of UKAs require revision to TKA for multiple reasons. In TKA, ankle alignment has demonstrated a significant effect on outcomes and function. [2] Plantar pressure, a measure of foot and ankle loading, changes after TKAs but has yet to be evaluated in UKAs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of medial UKA on plantar pressure which may be a variable that contributes to revisions in these patients. Methods: Following IRB approval and informed consent, we evaluated 7 adults (14 Feet) (average age 62; range: 54 to 68 years old; 4F/ 3M). All participants walked at a self-selected speed pre surgery and 7 months post-surgery. The Pedar insole pressure system (Novel), with 99 sensors per insole, was used to collect bilateral plantar pressure during gait at 100 Hz. All participants wore the same type of shoes (Nike Zoom) for the test. The insole was divided into 9 regions for analysis2 (Figure 1). The maximum pressure (MP) within each foot region was calculated for each step and averaged over all steps. Paired and unpaired t- tests were performed to identify differences in the MP from pre to post-op and between operated and contralateral sides, respectively. Results: An average of 24 steps were recorded from each patient pre and post operatively. MP became more symmetrical between feet post-operatively, with significant improvements in bilateral symmetry observed in the medial heel, medial and lateral forefoot regions (all p<0.01). The MP in the lateral midfoot region of the operative side increased during ambulation post- operatively (p<0.05). The MP in the lateral forefoot region of the non-operative side decreased post-operatively (p<0.01). Conclusion: Our results indicate that foot loading, as assessed through plantar pressure, becomes more symmetrical after unilateral UKA and may also affect non-operative foot loading. Although our sample size is small, our data is comparable with a similar study done in TKA patients which reported changes forefoot and lateral midfoot loading. [Table: see text]

Running and Walking Foot Loading in Children Aged 4–10 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Paula R. Mesquita ◽  
Silvia G.R. Neri ◽  
Ricardo M. Lima ◽  
Eliane F. Manfio ◽  
Ana C. de David
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Loading Patterns ◽  
Foot Loading ◽  
The Relationship

Although previous reports have provided normative plantar pressure data for walking in children, evaluation during running is lacking. This study aimed to compare foot loading patterns during running and walking in children aged 4–10 years. Furthermore, the relationship between running baropodometric parameters and anthropometric measures was investigated. Foot loading of 120 volunteers was evaluated during running and walking using an Emed AT-4 pressure platform. Analyses were performed for 5 anatomical regions (rearfoot, midfoot, forefoot, hallux, and lesser toes). Higher peak pressure and maximum force values were seen under most foot regions during running in comparison with walking, whereas relative contact area tended to increase only in the midfoot. Data for running indicated that aging explained less than 23% of the variance of plantar loads and contact area. Running foot loads were more associated with height, body mass, and foot length. This study’s data described plantar loads under the feet of children were greater during running. Aging was associated with little increase in running plantar loads and larger contact areas. Results may be useful as reference to characterize foot loading during running and in the development of orthoses in clinical applications or products such as sport shoes for children.

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