scholarly journals The Optical Properties of Aerosols at the Summit of Mount Tai in May and June and the Retrieval of the Complex Refractive Index

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Dapeng Zhao ◽  
Yan Yin ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Honglei Wang ◽  
Chunsong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Scattering Coefficients ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Aerosol Scattering ◽  
Average Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Equivalent Complex

To study the optical properties of background atmospheric aerosols in East China, we carried out observations of the physical, chemical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols at the summit of Mount Tai (Mt. Tai, 1533.7 m above sea level) from 13 May to 25 June 2017. The results show that the average scattering coefficient ( σ sca , 550 ) at 550 nm of the aerosols at the summit of Mt. Tai is 40.3 Mm−1, and the average absorption coefficient ( σ abs , 550 ) at 550 nm is 16.0 Mm−1. The complex refractive index of aerosols is a key parameter for aerosol retrieval and modeling. There are few studies on the equivalent complex refractive index of aerosol in the Taishan area. We calculated the aerosol equivalent complex refractive index using the observed aerosol scattering coefficients, absorption coefficients and particle size distribution data, providing more data support for future modeling in this region. The real part (n) of the complex refractive index at 550 nm of aerosol ranges from 1.31 to 1.98 (mostly under 1.50), with an average value of 1.38, while the imaginary part (k) ranges from 0.014 to 0.251 (less than 0.10 for over 95% samples), with an average value of 0.040. The analysis of the n and k of the aerosol average complex refractive index shows that the scattering properties of the aerosols at the summit of Mt. Tai are relatively weak and the absorption properties are relatively strong when compared with those of other kinds of aerosols. The k of the aerosol complex refractive index at the summit of Mt. Tai has strong correlations with the wind speed, temperature, as revealed by the correlation analysis.

scholarly journals A new approach for retrieving the UV–vis optical properties of ambient aerosols

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3477-3490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Bluvshtein ◽  
J. Michel Flores ◽  
Lior Segev ◽  
Yinon Rudich
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Ambient Aerosols ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Effective Radiative Forcing

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols play an important part in the Earth's energy budget by scattering and absorbing incoming solar and outgoing terrestrial radiation. To quantify the effective radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiation interactions, researchers must obtain a detailed understanding of the spectrally dependent intensive and extensive optical properties of different aerosol types. Our new approach retrieves the optical coefficients and the single-scattering albedo of the total aerosol population over 300 to 650 nm wavelength, using extinction measurements from a broadband cavity-enhanced spectrometer at 315 to 345 nm and 390 to 420 nm, extinction and absorption measurements at 404 nm from a photoacoustic cell coupled to a cavity ring-down spectrometer, and scattering measurements from a three-wavelength integrating nephelometer. By combining these measurements with aerosol size distribution data, we retrieved the time- and wavelength-dependent effective complex refractive index of the aerosols. Retrieval simulations and laboratory measurements of brown carbon proxies showed low absolute errors and good agreement with expected and reported values. Finally, we implemented this new broadband method to achieve continuous spectral- and time-dependent monitoring of ambient aerosol population, including, for the first time, extinction measurements using cavity-enhanced spectrometry in the 315 to 345 nm UV range, in which significant light absorption may occur.

scholarly journals A new approach for measuring the UV-Vis optical properties of ambient aerosols

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Bluvshtein ◽  
J. Michel Flores ◽  
Lior Segev ◽  
Yinon Rudich
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Ambient Aerosols ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Effective Radiative Forcing

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols play an important part in the Earth's energy budget by scattering and absorbing incoming solar and outgoing terrestrial radiation. To quantify the effective radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiation interactions, researchers must obtain a detailed understanding of the spectrally dependent intensive and extensive optical properties of different aerosol types. Our new approach obtains the optical coefficients and the single scattering albedo of the total aerosol population over 300–650 nm wavelength, using a broadband cavity-enhanced spectrometer (extinction), a photoacoustic cell coupled to a cavity ring down spectrometer (extinction and absorption), and a nephelometer (scattering). Combining these coefficients with aerosol size distribution data, we retrieved the time- and wavelength-dependent effective complex refractive index of the aerosols. Retrieval simulations and laboratory measurements of brown carbon proxies showed low absolute errors and good agreement with expected and reported values. Finally, we utilized our new broadband method to achieve continuous spectral and time-dependent monitoring of an ambient polydisperse aerosols population, including, for the first time, extinction measurements using cavity enhanced spectrometry in the 315 to 345 nm UV range, in which significant light absorption may occur.

scholarly journals Improved Lorenz-Mie Look-Up Table for Lidar and Polarimeter Retrievals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Chemyakin ◽  
Snorre Stamnes ◽  
Sharon P. Burton ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
Chris Hostetler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Scattering Matrix ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Scattering Coefficients ◽  
Aerosol Absorption ◽  
Look Up Table ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Look

Lidar and polarimeter aerosol microphysical retrievals require calculating single-scattering properties that are computationally expensive. One of the easiest ways to speed up these calculations is to use a look-up table. Two important currently available look-up tables were created about 15 years ago. Advancements in modern computational hardware allows us to create a new look-up table with improved precision over a larger range of aerosol properties. In this new and improved Lorenz-Mie look-up table we tabulate the light scattering by an ensemble of homogeneous isotropic spheres at arbitrary wavelengths starting from 0.355 μm. The improved look-up table covers spherical atmospheric aerosols with radii in the range of 0.001–100 μm, with real parts of the complex refractive index in the range of 1.29–1.65, and with imaginary parts of the complex refractive index in the range of 0–0.05. We test twelve wavelengths from 0.355 to 2.264 μm and find that the elements of the normalized scattering matrix as well as the asymmetry parameter, the aerosol absorption, backscatter, extinction, and scattering coefficients are precise to within 1% for 99.99% of cases. The look-up table together with C++, Fortran, Matlab, and Python codes are freely available online.

scholarly journals Broadband spectroscopy of astrophysical ice analogues

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. A112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Giuliano ◽  
A. A. Gavdush ◽  
B. Müller ◽  
K. I. Zaytsev ◽  
T. Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Thz Radiation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Thz Range ◽  
The Time Domain

Context. Reliable, directly measured optical properties of astrophysical ice analogues in the infrared and terahertz (THz) range are missing from the literature. These parameters are of great importance to model the dust continuum radiative transfer in dense and cold regions, where thick ice mantles are present, and are necessary for the interpretation of future observations planned in the far-infrared region. Aims. Coherent THz radiation allows for direct measurement of the complex dielectric function (refractive index) of astrophysically relevant ice species in the THz range. Methods. We recorded the time-domain waveforms and the frequency-domain spectra of reference samples of CO ice, deposited at a temperature of 28.5 K and annealed to 33 K at different thicknesses. We developed a new algorithm to reconstruct the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index from the time-domain THz data. Results. The complex refractive index in the wavelength range 1 mm–150 μm (0.3–2.0 THz) was determined for the studied ice samples, and this index was compared with available data found in the literature. Conclusions. The developed algorithm of reconstructing the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index from the time-domain THz data enables us, for the first time, to determine the optical properties of astrophysical ice analogues without using the Kramers–Kronig relations. The obtained data provide a benchmark to interpret the observational data from current ground-based facilities as well as future space telescope missions, and we used these data to estimate the opacities of the dust grains in presence of CO ice mantles.

scholarly journals Optical Characterization of Ultra-Thin Films of Azo-Dye-Doped Polymers Using Ellipsometry and Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Najat Andam ◽  
Siham Refki ◽  
Hidekazu Ishitobi ◽  
Yasushi Inouye ◽  
Zouheir Sekkat
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Doped Polymers

The determination of optical constants (i.e., real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index (nc) and thickness (d)) of ultrathin films is often required in photonics. It may be done by using, for example, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy combined with either profilometry or atomic force microscopy (AFM). SPR yields the optical thickness (i.e., the product of nc and d) of the film, while profilometry and AFM yield its thickness, thereby allowing for the separate determination of nc and d. In this paper, we use SPR and profilometry to determine the complex refractive index of very thin (i.e., 58 nm) films of dye-doped polymers at different dye/polymer concentrations (a feature which constitutes the originality of this work), and we compare the SPR results with those obtained by using spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements performed on the same samples. To determine the optical properties of our film samples by ellipsometry, we used, for the theoretical fits to experimental data, Bruggeman’s effective medium model for the dye/polymer, assumed as a composite material, and the Lorentz model for dye absorption. We found an excellent agreement between the results obtained by SPR and ellipsometry, confirming that SPR is appropriate for measuring the optical properties of very thin coatings at a single light frequency, given that it is simpler in operation and data analysis than spectroscopic ellipsometry.

scholarly journals Optical properties of atmospheric fine particles near Beijing during the HOPE-J<sup>3</sup>A Campaign

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 33675-33730
Author(s):  
X. Xu ◽  
W. Zhao ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
B. Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering Albedo ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Inorganic Species

Abstract. The optical properties and chemical composition of PM1.0 (particulate with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 1.0 μm) particles in a suburban environment (Huairou) near the mega-city Beijing were measured during the HOPE-J3A (Haze Observation Project Especially for Jing-Jin-Ji Area) field campaign. The campaign covered the period November 2014 to January 2015 during the winter coal heating season. The average and standard deviations for the extinction, scattering, absorption coefficients, and the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) at λ = 470 nm during the measurement period were 201 ± 240, 164 ± 202, 37 ± 43 Mm-1, and 0.80 ± 0.08, respectively. The mean mass scattering (MSE) and absorption (MAE) efficiencies were 4.77 ± 0.01 and 0.87 ± 0.03 m2g-1, respectively. Highly time-resolved air pollution episodes clearly show the dramatic evolution of the PM1.0 size distribution, extensive optical properties (extinction, scattering, and absorption coefficients) and intensive optical properties (single scattering albedo and complex refractive index) during haze formation, development and decline. Time periods were classified into three different pollution levels (clear, slightly polluted, and polluted) for further analysis. It was found that: (1) The diurnal patterns of the aerosol extinction, scattering, absorption coefficients, and SSA differed for the three pollution classes. (2) The real and imaginary part of complex refractive index (CRI) increased, while the SSA decreased from clear to polluted days. (3) The relative contributions of organic and inorganic species to observed aerosol composition changed significantly from clear to polluted days: the organic mass fraction decreased (50 to 43 %) while the proportion of sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium increased strongly (34 to 44 %). (4) The fractional contribution of chemical components to extinction coefficients was calculated by using the modified IMPROVE algorithm. Organic mass was the largest contributor (58 %) to the total extinction of PM1.0. When the air quality deteriorated, the change of the relative contribution of sulfate aerosol to the total extinction was small, but the contribution of nitrate aerosol increased significantly (from 17 % on clear days to 23 % on polluted days). (5) The observed mass scattering efficiencies increased consistently with the pollution extent, however, the observed mass absorption efficiencies increased consistently with increasing mass concentration in slightly pollution conditions, but decreased under polluted conditions.

scholarly journals Wavelength and NO<sub>x</sub> dependent complex refractive index of SOAs generated from the photooxidation of toluene

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 14551-14589 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakayama ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
Y. Matsumi ◽  
T. Imamura ◽  
A. Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
K Value

Abstract. Recently, secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) generated from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds have been proposed as a possible source of lightabsorbing organic compounds "brown carbon" in the urban atmosphere. However, the atmospheric importance of these SOAs remains unclear due to limited information about their optical properties. In this study, the complex refractive index (RI, m=n − ki) values at 405, 532, and 781 nm of the SOAs generated during the photooxidation of toluene (toluene-SOAs) under a variety of initial nitrogen oxide (NOx= NO + NO2) conditions were examined by photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS). The complex RI values obtained in the present study and reported in the literature indicate that the k value, which represents the light absorption of the toluene-SOAs steeply increased to shorter wavelengths at <405 nm, while the n value gradually increased to shorter wavelengths from 781 to 355 nm. The k values at 405 nm were found to increase from 1.8 × 10−3 to 7.2 × 10−3 with increasing initial NOx concentration from 109 to 571 ppbv. The nitrate to organics ratio of the SOAs determined using a highresolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (H-ToF-AMS) also increased with increasing initial NOx concentration. The RI values of the SOAs generated during the photooxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in the presence of NOx (1,3,5-TMB-SOAs) were also determined to investigate the influence of the chemical structure of the precursor on the optical properties of the SOAs, and it was found that the light absorption of the 1,3,5-TMB-SOAs is negligible at all of the wavelengths investigated (405, 532, and 781 nm). These results can be reasonably explained by the hypothesis that nitro-aromatic compounds such as nitro-cresols are the major contributors to the light absorption of the toluene-SOAs. Using the obtained RI values, mass absorption cross sections of the toluene-SOAs at 405 and 532 nm were estimated to be 0.08–0.48 and 0.002–0.081 m2 g−1, respectively, under typical conditions in an urban atmosphere during the daytime. These results indicate that light absorption by the SOAs potentially contributes to the radiation balance at ultraviolet wavelengths below ~400 nm, specifically when the mass concentrations of the anthropogenic SOAs are significant compared with those of black carbon particles.

scholarly journals Inter-comparison between the Aerosol Optical Properties Retrieved by Different Inversion Methods from SKYNET Sky Radiometer Observations over Qionghai and Yucheng in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Jiang ◽  
Minzheng Duan ◽  
Huizheng Che ◽  
Wenxing Zhang ◽  
Teruyuki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Volume Size

Abstract. This study analyzed the aerosol optical properties derived by SKYRAD.pack versions 5.0 and 4.2 using the radiometer measurements over Qionghai and Yucheng in China, two new sites of the sky radiometer network (SKYNET). The volume size distribution retrieved by V5.0 presented bimodal patterns with a 0.1–0.2 μm fine particle mode and a 5–6 μm coarse particle mode both over Qionghai and Yucheng. The differences of the volume size distributions between the two versions were very large for the coarse mode with a radius of over 5 μm. The mean values of single scattering albedo (SSA) at 500 nm retrieved from V5.0 were approximately 0.02 lower, but 0.03 higher than those from V4.2 in Qionghai and Yucheng, respectively. The average imaginary part of the complex refractive index (mi) retrieved from V5.0 at all wavelengths was systemically higher than those by V4.2 over Qionghai. Moreover, the differences between the real parts of the complex refractive index (mr) obtained using the two versions were within 4.25 % both at Yucheng and Qionghai. The seasonal variability of the aerosol properties over Qionghai and Yucheng were investigated based on SKYRAD.pack V5.0. The seasonal average SSA during the winter was larger than those in other seasons in Yucheng, while the lowest SSA values occurred in winter over Qionghai. Meanwhile, the mr showed a minimum in winter over both sites. The results can provide validation data in China for SKYNET to continue improving the data-processing and inversion method. The results provide valuable references for continued improvement of the retrieval algorithms of SKYNET and other aerosol observational networks.

VARIABILITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL SCATTERING COEFFICIENTS OF SURFACE WATER IN VARIOUS SEASONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murjat Hi Untung ◽  
Bisman Nababan ◽  
Vincentus P. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Scattering Coefficient ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Total Scattering ◽  
Scattering Coefficients ◽  
Average Value

Variability and spatial distribution data of the total scattering coefficients ares useful in the development of bio-optical algorithms of ocean color satellite. The purpose of this study was to determine the variability and spatial distribution of the total scattering coefficient at 9 wavelengths (λ) in different seasons. Field data collection were conducted in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) of the spring , summer, and fall in 1999-2000 by using the ac-9 in-situ Spectrophotometer and restricted to coastal waters of 10 m isobath and offshore of 1000 m isobath. The data were filtered using the moving average method and tested with the Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that the average value of the total scattering coefficients were significantly different among spring, summer, and fall. In general, the total scattering coefficients were relatively high, especially in the coastal waters near the mouth of the river each season and relatively low in offshore waters except during the summer that the total scattering coefficients were also relatively high in offshore watersdue to the intrusion of the Mississippi river flow toward offshore containing high nutrients that can promote the growth of phytoplankton in the offshore, suspended material and lower salinity jointly to increase the total scattering coefficients.   Keywords: variability, spatial distribution, total scattering coefficient, bio-optic, NEGOM.

Optical properties of the different tapered silicon nanowires based on KK relation

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyi Guo ◽  
Keya Zhou ◽  
Anjun Zhang ◽  
Jung-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Silicon Nanowires ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Complex Dielectric Constant ◽  
Reflection Spectra ◽  
Complex Dielectric Function ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
Material Parameters

The optical properties of the various types of tapered silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have been investigated by the phase retrieving method of utilizing the experimental reflection spectra with the aid of the Kramers–Kronig (KK) relation. The effective refractive index (n) and the extinction coefficient (K) of each tapered SiNWs and combined silicon nanowires and microwires (CNMW) array samples can be obtained from concrete simulation by the KK relation. At the same time, we can also obtain the real part (ε′) and imaginary part (ε″) of the effective complex dielectric constant from the relation between the refractive index and the complex dielectric constant of samples. And the simulated results show that the relative material parameters (effective complex refractive index, effective complex dielectric function) can be modulated from a concrete material processing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document