scholarly journals Coarse Technogenic Material in Urban Surface Deposited Sediments (USDS)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Andrian Seleznev ◽  
Ekaterina Ilgasheva ◽  
Ilia Yarmoshenko ◽  
Georgy Malinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Urban Surface ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Urban Sediments ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

In the current paper, the analysis of heavy mineral concentrate (Schlich analysis) was used to study the particles of technogenic origin in the samples of urban surface-deposited sediments (USDS). The USDS samples were collected in the residential areas of 10 Russian cities located in different economic, climatic, and geological zones: Ufa, Perm, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Murmansk, and Ekaterinburg. The number of technogenic particles was determined in the coarse particle size fractions of 0.1–0.25 and 0.25–1 mm. The types of technogenic particle were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The amount of technogenic material differed from city to city; the fraction of technogenic particles in the samples varied in the range from 0.01 to 0.43 with an average value of 0.18. The technogenic particles in USDS samples were represented by lithoid and granulated slag, iron and silicate microspheres, fragments of brick, paint, glass, plaster, and other household waste. Various types of technogenic particle differed in morphological characteristics as well as in chemical composition. The novelty and significance of the study comprises the following: it has been shown that technogenic particles are contained in a significant part of the USDS; the quantitative indicators of the accumulation of technogenic particles in the urban landscape have been determined; the contributions of various types of particles to the total amount of technogenic material were estimated for the urban landscape; the trends in the transformation of typomorphic elemental associations in the urban sediments associated with the material of technogenic origin were demonstrated; and the alteration trends in the USDS microelemental content were revealed, taking into account the impurities in the composition of technogenic particles.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK LAJU RESAPAN LUBANG BIOPORI PADA BEBERAPA JENIS SAMPAH ORGANIK

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
I DEWA GEDE JAYA NEGARA ◽  
AGUSTONO SETIAWAN ◽  
HUMAIRO SAIDA ◽  
ADRI GUNAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Test Points

      Many efforts have been made by various parties in overcoming the problem of waste and flooding, in residential areas that are starting to develop, one of which is by utilizing organic waste as a biopore filler to improve soil absorption and produce compost. The biopore infiltration hole technology can utilize organic waste to fill biopore media, which is used as a food source by biota in the soil layer. This study aims to determine the rate of biopore infiltration in the use of several types of organic waste such as (1) straw, (2) leaves and (3) household waste. Biopori is made from pipapvc 4 ”and 1 m in length with installation into the ground 80 cm and the rest above the soil surface 20 cm for testing purposes with a total of 12 test points and tested after 7 days to 21 days. For biopore holes without filler, the highest absorption rate was 85 cm / hour and the lowest was 42,167 cm / hour. The type of straw waste obtained infiltration rate of 179.34 cm / hour and the lowest infiltration rate of 86,770 cm / hour, with an average of 113.56 cm / hour. In the filler with leaf litter, the highest infiltration rate was 100,111 cm / hour and the lowest was 59,743 cm / hour, with an average value of 84.69 cm / hour. Whereas for household waste, the lowest absorption rate was 38 cm / hour and the highest was 100,111 cm / hour, and the average was 52,979 cm / hour. At the age of 7 days the waste has the highest absorption rate and after the waste is 21 days old it should be replaced with a new one.

scholarly journals Pollution Monitoring using the Leaf-deposited Particulates and Magnetism of the Leaves of 23 Plant Species in a Semi-arid City, Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Dunsheng Xia ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Xiaoyi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
High Particle

Abstract We conducted a study of the leaf-deposited particles and magnetism of plant leaves in different functional areas (traffic areas, parks and residential areas) in Lanzhou, China. The saturation isothermal remanence (SIRM) of the washed and unwashed leaves of 23 plant species (including evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, deciduous liana species and deciduous trees) at three sampling heights (0.5 m, 1.5 m and 2.5 m) was measured. In addition, the mass of the leaf-deposited particles was measured using the elution-filtration method and the leaf morphological characteristics were determined by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis. The results revealed significant differences in particles retention capacity among the 23 plant species, with evergreen shrub species at the heights of 0.5 m and 1.5 m having higher particles concentrations. Buxus sinica, Buxus megistophylla, Prunus cerasifera and Ligustrum×vicaryi were the most effective plant species for accumulating particles. The SEM results showed that leaves with a relatively complex adaxial surface (such as deep grooves and protrusions) were more effective at accumulating particles. The SIRM of washed leaves, unwashed leaves and leaf-deposited particles were significantly higher in traffic areas than in parks and residential areas. In addition, significant correlations were found between SIRM of unwashed leaves and leaf-deposited particles and the mass of leaf-deposited particles, and therefore the leaf magnetic properties effectively reflect levels of PM pollution under different environmental conditions. Overall, our results provide a valuable reference for the selection of plant species with high particle retention capacity that suitable for urban greening and pollution mitigation.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of particle size fractions of an Oxisol cultivated with conilon coffee

Revista CERES ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julião Soares de Souza Lima ◽  
Rone Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Samuel de Assis Silva
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference

Information on the spatial distribution of particle size fractions is essential for use planning and management of soils. The aim of this work to was to study the spatial variability of particle size fractions of a Typic Hapludox cultivated with conilon coffee. The soil samples were collected at depths of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m in the coffee canopy projection, totaling 109 georeferentiated points. At the depth of 0.2-0.4 m the clay fraction showed average value significantly higher, while the sand fraction showed was higher in the depth of 0-0.20 m. The silt showed no significant difference between the two depths. The particle size fractions showed medium and high spatial variability. The levels of total sand and clay have positive and negative correlation, respectively, with the altitude of the sampling points, indicating the influence of landscape configuration.

scholarly journals A Landscape Study of Sediment Formation and Transport in the Urban Environment

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Ilia Yarmoshenko ◽  
Georgy Malinovsky ◽  
Elena Baglaeva ◽  
Andrian Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
City Life ◽  
Sediment Formation ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Landscape Survey ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

Background: Sediment deposition in the urban environment affects aesthetic, economic, and other aspects of city life, and through re-suspension of dust, may pose serious risks to human health. Proper environmental management requires further understanding of natural and anthropogenic factors influencing the sedimentation processes in urbanized catchments. To fill the gaps in the knowledge about the relationship between the urban landscape and sedimentation, field landscape surveys were conducted in the residential areas of the Russian cities of Ekaterinburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, and Murmansk. Methods: In each city, six elementary urban residential landscapes were chosen in blocks of multi-story apartment buildings typical for Russian cities. The method of landscape survey involved delineating functional segments within the elementary landscapes and describing each segment according to the developed procedure during a field survey. Results: The complexity of sedimentation processes in the urban environment was demonstrated. The following main groups of factors have significant impacts on sediment formation and transport in residential areas in Russian cities: low adaptation of infrastructure to a high density of automobiles, poor municipal services, and bad urban environmental management in the course of construction and earthworks. Conclusion: A high sediment formation potential was found for a considerable portion of residential areas.

Chromium Concentrations and Regional Distribution of Urban Soils in Suzhou City

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 817-820
Author(s):  
Ya Fen Han ◽  
Qi Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soils ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Suzhou City ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Functional Areas

An intensive investigation of 55 samples which have been collected from different functional areas was conducted to study concentrations and distribution of chromium in urban soils of Suzhou by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer, and the method of Geoaccumulation index. The results indicate that the chromium content in Suzhou soils is from 45 to 144 mg/kg, with an average value of 73.42 mg/kg; and distribution characterized of different functional areas as follows: Industrial areas > Commercial areas > Areas around station > Residential areas>Urban green space; the accumulation index values is between 0.81 and 1.91, which is non-polluting or moderately polluted.

scholarly journals Characterization ofH3PO4-Treated Rice Husk Adsorbent and Adsorption of Copper(II) from Aqueous Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Ru Zheng ◽  
Jiaying Zhao ◽  
Fang Ma ◽  
Yingchao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Agricultural Byproduct

Rice husk, a surplus agricultural byproduct, was applied to the sorption of copper from aqueous solutions. Chemical modifications by treating rice husk with H3PO4increased the sorption ability of rice husk for Cu(II). This work investigated the sorption characteristics for Cu(II) and examined the optimum conditions of the sorption processes. The elemental compositions of native rice husk and H3PO4-treated rice husk were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis was carried out for structural and morphological characteristics of H3PO4-treated rice husk. The surface functional groups (i.e., carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl) of adsorbent were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared Technique (FT-IR) and contributed to the adsorption for Cu(II). Adsorption isotherm experiments were carried out at room temperature and the data obtained from batch studies fitted well with the Langmuir and Freundlich models withR2of 0.999 and 0.9303, respectively. The maximum sorption amount was 17.0358 mg/g at a dosage of 2 g/L after 180 min. The results showed that optimum pH was attained at pH 4.0. The equilibrium data was well represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The percentage removal for Cu(II) approached equilibrium at 180 min with 88.9% removal.

scholarly journals The problems of designing a multifunctional courtyard space of high-rise buildings by the example of residential development in Volgograd

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Matovnikov ◽  
Natalia Matovnikova ◽  
Polina Samoylenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
The City ◽  
Natural Component

The paper considers the issues of designing a modern courtyard space for high-rise buildings in Volgograd to obtain a multifunctional environment through the arrangement of new recreational territories and the search of innovative planning methods for urban landscape design. In professionals’ opinion, the problem concerning the design and construction of recreational zones and greenery planting is very acute for Volgograd, such territories are often absent in many districts of the city. Generally, the decrease in the natural component and a low level of recreational territories improvement are typical for Volgograd. In addition, the problem of designing a modern urban courtyard space for high-rise buildings to obtain a multi-functional environment exists and requires a thorough investigation. The question is if there is a possibility to solve these difficult tasks by means of local design methods only or whether there should be a complex approach at the stage of the formation of master plans for modern residential areas and which modern design methods can ensure the creation of a courtyard space as a multi-functional environment. These questions as well as some other ones will be the topic of our paper.

scholarly journals Urban Rehabilitation of the Unirii Square in Cluj-Napoca

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Alex Péter COTOZ ◽  
Valentin Sebastian DAN ◽  
Maria CANTOR
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Film Festival ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Green Component ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Different Types

To improve the design of the Unirii Square from Cluj-Napoca both aesthetically and functionally, principles of urban landscape and sustainable design were implemented. To achieve this goal, modular and mobile structures with two different types of low maintenance plant species, Sedum and Cornus were selected. These species have been chosen because of their ecological benefits, hardiness attributes and morphological characteristics. This paper aims to present an urban green component adaptable to different scenarios such as major annual events without interfering with temporary constructions and pedestrian routes while at the same time creating a more aesthetic and attractive open space for locals and tourists alike. Every element added to the square can be relocated or moved at any given time without negative impact to the environment. To present the potential of this design concept, three different arrangement design scenarios were conducted - one for the everyday life of the public and the other to accommodate the unfolding of two major events held annually: the TIFF film festival and the Christmas fair.

scholarly journals Reference values of cadmium concentration in the hair of residents of the Gornyi Altai

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Elena A. Chanchaeva ◽  
Vitaliy S. Lapin ◽  
Maria G. Sukhova ◽  
Tatyana K. Kurylenko ◽  
Roman I. Aizman
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Gornyi Altai

Introduction. There is a global trend of increasing the Cd level of the environment because of enlarged compounds content in the industry, agriculture (cadmium-phosphate fertilizers), burning solid and liquid fuels, and solid household waste. Data on the quantitative accumulation of Cd in human hair in various regions of Russia is necessary to determine Cd content reference value to evaluate the degree of its excess among the population. Material and methods. The Cd content in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry to evaluate regional values to compare them with the all-Russian reference data. Results. The average value of Cd concentration in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was 0.16 mg/kg; according to this index value, the excess was found in 34.9% of residents, relative to the all - Russian index - in 54.5%. Deviations from the upper limits of the biologically acceptable level were 6.5% and 1.6%, respectively. Discussion. The study results coincide with the literature data on reference values and excess of the local populaton’s biologically acceptable level compared with other regions. There is a low probability of Cd ingestion with food and drinking water in concentrations exceeding acceptable values. Universal sources of Cd human body intake (solid-fuel heating systems, internal combustion engines) determine a homogeneous picture of Cd accumulation in the hair in the Gornyi Altai population in Altai and other regions. Conclusion. The reference values of Cd content in the hair of residents of the administrative center of the Altai Republic correspond to the average values in the variation range of different regions, and the percentage of people who exceed the permissible level among the population of Gorno-Altaisk also does not differ from other industrial regions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document