Reference values of cadmium concentration in the hair of residents of the Gornyi Altai

Introduction. There is a global trend of increasing the Cd level of the environment because of enlarged compounds content in the industry, agriculture (cadmium-phosphate fertilizers), burning solid and liquid fuels, and solid household waste. Data on the quantitative accumulation of Cd in human hair in various regions of Russia is necessary to determine Cd content reference value to evaluate the degree of its excess among the population. Material and methods. The Cd content in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry to evaluate regional values to compare them with the all-Russian reference data. Results. The average value of Cd concentration in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was 0.16 mg/kg; according to this index value, the excess was found in 34.9% of residents, relative to the all - Russian index - in 54.5%. Deviations from the upper limits of the biologically acceptable level were 6.5% and 1.6%, respectively. Discussion. The study results coincide with the literature data on reference values and excess of the local populaton’s biologically acceptable level compared with other regions. There is a low probability of Cd ingestion with food and drinking water in concentrations exceeding acceptable values. Universal sources of Cd human body intake (solid-fuel heating systems, internal combustion engines) determine a homogeneous picture of Cd accumulation in the hair in the Gornyi Altai population in Altai and other regions. Conclusion. The reference values of Cd content in the hair of residents of the administrative center of the Altai Republic correspond to the average values in the variation range of different regions, and the percentage of people who exceed the permissible level among the population of Gorno-Altaisk also does not differ from other industrial regions.

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PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK INDONESIA (PMRI) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS I SD NEGERI 011 BUKIT GAJAH KECAMATAN UKUI KABUPATEN PELALAWAN

Primary: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar ◽

10.33578/jpfkip.v5i3.3931 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Ipi Hanapiati

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Mathematics Learning ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Average Value ◽

Study Results ◽

Teachers And Students

This research was motivated by the low results of students' mathematics learning. Of the 35students only 15 students (40.54%) who completed study results, while the average valueobtained by the students was 68.65. This study aims to increase the students' mathematicslearning through PMRI. This research is a class act who performed two cycles. Based on theresearch of learning outcomes and learning activities teachers and students expressedincreased. In the first cycle 1 meeting activities for teachers to get a score of 14 (70%), in thefirst cycle 2 meeting increased with a score of 15 (75%). In the second cycle 1 meeting obtaina score of 17 (85%) and the second cycle 2 meeting obtain a score of 18 (90%). Besides thestudent activity also increased in the first cycle of meeting one activity students obtain a scoreof 12 (60%), in the first cycle 2 meeting increased with a score of 16 (80%). In the secondcycle 1 meeting obtain a score of 17 (85%) and the second cycle 2 meeting obtain a score of17 (85%). The results of students' mathematics learning increases the basic score averagevalue obtained was 68.65 increase in the first cycle with an average value of 95.41 hasincreased in the second cycle with an average value of 97.97.

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Cogeneration Supporting the Energy Transition in the Italian Ceramic Tile Industry

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13074006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 4006

Author(s):

Lisa Branchini ◽

Maria Chiara Bignozzi ◽

Benedetta Ferrari ◽

Barbara Mazzanti ◽

Saverio Ottaviano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Tile ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Industrial Process ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Total Consumption ◽

Average Value ◽

Ceramic Tile Production

Ceramic tile production is an industrial process where energy efficiency management is crucial, given the high amount of energy (electrical and thermal) required by the production cycle. This study presents the preliminary results of a research project aimed at defining the benefits of using combined heat and power (CHP) systems in the ceramic sector. Data collected from ten CHP installations allowed us to outline the average characteristics of prime movers, and to quantify the contribution of CHP thermal energy supporting the dryer process. The electric size of the installed CHP units resulted in being between 3.4 MW and 4.9 MW, with an average value of 4 MW. Data revealed that when the goal is to maximize the generation of electricity for self-consumption, internal combustion engines are the preferred choice due to higher conversion efficiency. In contrast, gas turbines allowed us to minimize the consumption of natural gas input to the spray dryer. Indeed, the fraction of the dryer thermal demand (between 600–950 kcal/kgH2O), covered by CHP discharged heat, is strictly dependent on the type of prime mover installed: lower values, in the range of 30–45%, are characteristic of combustion engines, whereas the use of gas turbines can contribute up to 77% of the process’s total consumption.

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From evidence to practice: development of web-based Dutch lipid reference values

Netherlands Heart Journal ◽

10.1007/s12471-021-01562-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

N. S. Nurmohamed ◽

D. Collard ◽

J. W. Balder ◽

J. A. Kuivenhoven ◽

E. S. G. Stroes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Reference Values ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Digital Health ◽

Reference Value ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽

Lowering Therapy ◽

Cascading Style Sheets ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction In the Netherlands, the total number of yearly measured lipid profiles exceeds 500,000. While lipid values are strongly affected by age and sex, until recently, no up-to-date age- and sex-specific lipid reference values were available. We describe the translation of big-cohort lipid data into accessible reference values, which can be easily incorporated in daily clinical practice. Methods Lipid values (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) from all healthy adults and children in the LifeLines cohort were used to generate age- and sex-specific percentiles. A combination of RStudio, Cascading Style Sheets and HyperText Markup Language was used to interactively display the percentiles in a responsive web layout. Results After exclusion of subjects reporting cardiovascular disease or lipid-lowering therapy at baseline, 141,611 subjects were included. On the website, input fields were created for age, sex and all main plasma lipids. Upon input of these values, corresponding percentiles are calculated, and output is displayed in a table and an interactive graph for each lipid. The website has been made available in both Dutch and English and can be accessed at www.lipidtools.com. Conclusion We constructed the first searchable, national lipid reference value tool with graphical display in the Netherlands to use in screening for dyslipidaemias and to reduce the underuse of lipid-lowering therapy in Dutch primary prevention. This study illustrates that data collected in big-cohort studies can be made easily accessible with modern digital techniques and preludes the digital health revolution yet to come.

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Sustainable international tourist hotels: the role of the executive chef

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ◽

10.1108/ijchm-08-2015-0406 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 1873-1891 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tung-Hsuan Wan ◽

Yun-Shu Hsu ◽

Jehn-Yih Wong ◽

Shin-Hao Liu

Keyword(s):

Delphi Method ◽

Reference Value ◽

Competency Framework ◽

Content Type ◽

Modified Delphi ◽

International Tourist ◽

Study Results ◽

Critical Competencies ◽

And Training ◽

Behavioral Event

Purpose Human capital is the most important determinant of the Hospitality industry’s success. Executive chefs should be skilled in both management and culinary arts, in addition to ensuring the success of the entire hospitality division. The study aims to understand the competencies of executive chefs in international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach Literature review and behavioral event interviews were conducted with ten executive chefs and executive sous chefs. The modified Delphi method verified the results using 15 experts. Findings A competency framework was created, with four quadrants – managerial, operational, behaviors and skills – to classify executive chefs’ competencies. Each competency was further divided into sub-competencies – culinary research, emotional control, negotiation skills, job guidance and proactive thinking ability – for 25 items. Quadrants I and II are hard competencies that can be improved through education and training, whereas the third and fourth are soft competencies that require more time for development in workers. Practical implications The two-step study developed a competency framework with a practical reference value. The study results could be utilized by human resources managers during their companies’ training, recruitment, selection and promotion. Originality/value Besides the Delphi method, a deep behavioral event interview that enabled determining critical competencies was also used to collect data. The results obtained could be used to structure schools’ curricula. Collaborations between the hospitality industry and schools could help develop better curricula and training plans to maximize the availability of educational resources.

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Assessment of oxygen-uptake efficiency slope in healthy children and children with heart disease: Generation of appropriate reference values for the OUES variable

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487318807977 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 177-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carlos AC Hossri ◽

Isabela PM Alves de Souza ◽

Joana ST de Oliveira ◽

Luiz E Mastrocola

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Surface Area ◽

Reference Values ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Body Surface ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Reference Value ◽

Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope

Background Oxygen-uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is an objective measure of functional capacity that does not require a maximal effort but is considerably dependent on anthropometric variables and requires the generation of an appropriate reference value in children. This study aimed to establish normal reference values for OUES/kg in children with and without congenital heart diseases. Besides that, reference values are presented secondarily for OUES per body surface area (OUES/BSA). Design Cross-sectional. Methods Six hundred and seventy-six children and adolescents performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (305 healthy controls and 371 individuals with congenital heart defect), between four and 21 years old (481 males and 195 females, with a mean age of 12 years). Results The OUES reference value for the classification of children and adolescents with normal functional capacity (>80% of predicted maximum oxygen uptake) was 34.63 (sensitivity 77% and specificity 83%, p < 0.05). Regarding the body surface area, considering healthy patients and those with heart disease, the cutoff value of the OUES/BSA was 1151 with sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 79%. Conclusions OUES/kg may be an important marker tool in the differentiation between preserved or abnormal functional capacity in children and adolescents with and without congenital heart disease, even at the submaximal level of exercise.

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Applied-Information Technology in Willingness of Online Group Buying for College Students

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.540 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 685 ◽

pp. 540-544

Author(s):

Xiao Ting Li ◽

Lin Zhong ◽

Shou Wen Ji

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

College Student ◽

Theoretical Study ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Reference Value ◽

Group Buying ◽

Study Results ◽

Management Recommendations ◽

Online Group ◽

Operation And Management

As a new e-commerce model, network group purchase develops rapidly for its advantages such as conservation and convenience. The college student is an important part of consumer of the online group buying, so the research on college student willingness has a important reference value for the expansion of market. Firstly, the article has a theoretical study on the influence factors of willingness of Online Group Buying for college students and carries out related questionnaires. Secondly, the article makes factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis using the statistical software of SPSS19.0. Finally, this paper proposes corresponding operation and management recommendations for relevant participants in online group-buying according to the study results.

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A model for the effect of bias for cholesterol on the population at risk.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/34.11.2256 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (11) ◽

pp. 2256-2259 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M H Kroll ◽

M Ruddel ◽

R J Elin

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Reference Values ◽

Gaussian Distribution ◽

Population Distribution ◽

Reference Value ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Body ◽

Methodological Bias ◽

The Mean

Abstract The location of the Reference Value for an analyte within the population distribution affects the magnitude of error due to methodological bias. Using the gaussian distribution, we evaluated the effects of systematic and proportional biases of the method (positive and negative), mean value, and standard deviation on the magnitude of error. We chose four Reference Values for cholesterol as a model. For a population with a mean of 2.0 and SD of 0.36 g of cholesterol per liter, a 3% positive proportional bias causes sixfold more error at the 50th percentile than at the 97.5th. In general, the error for a given bias (proportional or systematic) is greater for a Reference Value within the body than at the tails of the distribution. Further, the magnitude of the error varies as a function of the mean and standard deviation of the population.

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Evaluation of sediment contamination by trace elements and the zooplankton community analysis in area affected by gold exploration in Southeast (SE) of the Iron Quadrangle, Alto Rio Doce, (MG) Brazil

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia ◽

10.1590/s2179-975x2013000200006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 150-157

Author(s):

Cláudia de Lima e Silva ◽

Adivane Terezinha da Costa ◽

Giovanni Guimarães Landa ◽

Herton Fabrício Camargos Fonseca ◽

Aléssio Silveira

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Reference Values ◽

Zooplankton Community ◽

Reference Value ◽

Community Analysis ◽

Major And Trace Elements ◽

Geochemical Composition ◽

Gold Exploration ◽

Local Reference ◽

High Concentrations

AIM: The aim was to verify the geochemical composition of sediments samples (riverbed and bank) and the relationship of the following elements: Al, As, Cd. Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn with the zooplankton community. METHODS: Bank and riverbed sediments were collected in four sampling points along the studied area, in June/2010 (dry season) and March/2011 (rainy season). Three types of analysis were performed: granulometric, mineralogical (by X-Ray diffractometer) and geochemical (by ICPOES), where for the last two types, only a fraction of silt/clay (<0.062 mm) was used, and the results were compared with the following reference values: Local Reference Value (Costa et al., 2010), Quality Reference Values (São Paulo, 2005), PEC and TEC values (MacDonald et al., 2000). For identification of the zooplankton community, riverbed and bank samples were collected in polyethylene bottles, suspended with deionized water (bank sample only), stained with Rose Bengal and preserved in formalin at 4%. RESULTS: As concentrations at Col sampled point were 18 times greater than the Local Reference Value (3.84 mg.kg-1). Cd concentrations were greater than the values established by the QRV (<0.5 mg.kg-1) and PEC (4.98 mg.kg-1) in almost all the sampled points, regarding seasonality. The following zooplanktonic species were identified: Arcella costata (Ehrenberg, 1847), Arcella discoides (Ehrenberg, 1843), Arcella vulgaris (Ehrenberg, 1830), Centropyxis aculeata (Ehrenberg, 1838), Centropyxis ecornis (Ehrenberg, 1841), Difflugia sp., Difflugia acuminata (Ehrenberg, 1838), Euglypha laevis (Perty, 1849), Trynema enchelys (Ehrenberg, 1938), Asplanchna priodonta (Gosse, 1850), and Bedelloida, with, approximately 81% belonging to the Protozoa group. CONCLUSIONS: The studied area, with the exception of the Tripuí point, was found to be impacted by historical gold exploration in the region, as well as by the growing urbanization. Within the elements considered to be the most toxic to the biota, As and Cd violated all their reference values. In spite of high concentrations of major and trace elements encountered at downstream points, testacea species were identified, suggesting that this group has the capacity to adapt to adverse situations.

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Determination of the Key Comparison Reference Value from Multiple Field Calibration of Sentinel-2B/MSI over the Baotou Site

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12152404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 2404

Author(s):

Caixia Gao ◽

Yaokai Liu ◽

Jinru Liu ◽

Lingling Ma ◽

Zhifeng Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weighted Average ◽

Reference Value ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Key Comparison ◽

Field Calibration ◽

Average Value ◽

True Value ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Calibration Samples ◽

Relative Differences

Field calibration is a feasible way to evaluate space-borne optical sensor observations via natural or artificial sites on Earth’s surface with the aid of synchronous surface and atmospheric characteristic data. Since field calibration is affected by the coupled effects of surface and atmospheric characteristics, the single calibration results acquired under different surface and atmospheric conditions have different biases and different uncertainties, making it difficult to determine the consistency of these multiple calibration results. In view of this, by assuming that the radiometric performance is invariant during field calibration and the calibration samples are independent of each other, the surface–atmosphere invariant Key Comparison Reference Value (KCRV) is essentially derived from various calibration results. As the number of calibration samples increases, the uncertainty in the KCRV should decrease, and the KCRV should approach the “true” value. This paper addresses a novel method for estimating a weighted average value from multiple calibration results that can be used to compare each calibration result, and this value is accepted as the KCRV. Furthermore, this method is preliminarily applied to the field calibration of the Multispectral Instrument (MSI) onboard the Sentinel-2B satellite via the desert target at the Baotou site, China. After employing a chi-squared test to verify that 12 calibration samples are independent from each other, the KCRV of the 12 calibration samples at the Baotou site is derived, which exhibits much lower uncertainty than a single sample. The results show that the KCRVs of the relative differences between the simulated and observed at-sensor reflectance are 3.75%, 5.11%, 6.09%, and 5.03% for the four bands of Sentinel-2B/MSI, respectively, and the corresponding uncertainties are 1.84%, 1.87%, 1.90%, and 1.93%. It is noted that the KCRV uncertainty obtained with only 12 calibration samples is reduced significantly, and in the future, more samples in other instrumented sites will be used to validate this method thoroughly.

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Revised Reference Values for Potassium Intake

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000479705 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (1-2) ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniela Strohm ◽

Sabine Ellinger ◽

Eva Leschik-Bonnet ◽

Friederike Maretzke ◽

Helmut Heseker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Reference Values ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Reference Value ◽

Potassium Excretion ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Potassium Intake ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Urinary Potassium

Background: The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria and Switzerland have revised the reference values for potassium intake in January 2017. Methods: For adults, the estimated value was based on the 24-h urinary potassium excretion and on preventive considerations regarding hypertension and stroke. The estimated values for children and adolescents were extrapolated from the adult estimated value considering differences in body mass. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months, the estimated value was set based on the potassium intake via breast milk. From this reference value, the estimated value for infants aged 4 to under 12 months was also derived by extrapolation. The estimated value for lactating women takes into account the potassium loss via breast milk. Results: The estimated values for potassium intake are set at 400 mg/day for breastfed infants aged 0 to under 4 months, 600 mg/day for infants aged 4 to under 12 months, 1,100-4,000 mg/day for children and adolescents, 4,000 mg/day for adults and pregnant women and 4,400 mg/day for lactating women. Conclusions: The consumption of potassium-rich foods should be generally increased. Supplemental intake beyond the estimated values has no health benefit and is therefore not recommended.

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