scholarly journals Pollution Monitoring using the Leaf-deposited Particulates and Magnetism of the Leaves of 23 Plant Species in a Semi-arid City, Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Dunsheng Xia ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Xiaoyi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
High Particle

Abstract We conducted a study of the leaf-deposited particles and magnetism of plant leaves in different functional areas (traffic areas, parks and residential areas) in Lanzhou, China. The saturation isothermal remanence (SIRM) of the washed and unwashed leaves of 23 plant species (including evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, deciduous liana species and deciduous trees) at three sampling heights (0.5 m, 1.5 m and 2.5 m) was measured. In addition, the mass of the leaf-deposited particles was measured using the elution-filtration method and the leaf morphological characteristics were determined by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis. The results revealed significant differences in particles retention capacity among the 23 plant species, with evergreen shrub species at the heights of 0.5 m and 1.5 m having higher particles concentrations. Buxus sinica, Buxus megistophylla, Prunus cerasifera and Ligustrum×vicaryi were the most effective plant species for accumulating particles. The SEM results showed that leaves with a relatively complex adaxial surface (such as deep grooves and protrusions) were more effective at accumulating particles. The SIRM of washed leaves, unwashed leaves and leaf-deposited particles were significantly higher in traffic areas than in parks and residential areas. In addition, significant correlations were found between SIRM of unwashed leaves and leaf-deposited particles and the mass of leaf-deposited particles, and therefore the leaf magnetic properties effectively reflect levels of PM pollution under different environmental conditions. Overall, our results provide a valuable reference for the selection of plant species with high particle retention capacity that suitable for urban greening and pollution mitigation.

scholarly journals Coarse Technogenic Material in Urban Surface Deposited Sediments (USDS)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Andrian Seleznev ◽  
Ekaterina Ilgasheva ◽  
Ilia Yarmoshenko ◽  
Georgy Malinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Urban Surface ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Urban Sediments ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

In the current paper, the analysis of heavy mineral concentrate (Schlich analysis) was used to study the particles of technogenic origin in the samples of urban surface-deposited sediments (USDS). The USDS samples were collected in the residential areas of 10 Russian cities located in different economic, climatic, and geological zones: Ufa, Perm, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Murmansk, and Ekaterinburg. The number of technogenic particles was determined in the coarse particle size fractions of 0.1–0.25 and 0.25–1 mm. The types of technogenic particle were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The amount of technogenic material differed from city to city; the fraction of technogenic particles in the samples varied in the range from 0.01 to 0.43 with an average value of 0.18. The technogenic particles in USDS samples were represented by lithoid and granulated slag, iron and silicate microspheres, fragments of brick, paint, glass, plaster, and other household waste. Various types of technogenic particle differed in morphological characteristics as well as in chemical composition. The novelty and significance of the study comprises the following: it has been shown that technogenic particles are contained in a significant part of the USDS; the quantitative indicators of the accumulation of technogenic particles in the urban landscape have been determined; the contributions of various types of particles to the total amount of technogenic material were estimated for the urban landscape; the trends in the transformation of typomorphic elemental associations in the urban sediments associated with the material of technogenic origin were demonstrated; and the alteration trends in the USDS microelemental content were revealed, taking into account the impurities in the composition of technogenic particles.

scholarly journals Phytophthora Diversity in Pennsylvania Nurseries and Greenhouses Inferred from Clinical Samples Collected over Four Decades

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Cody Molnar ◽  
Ekaterina Nikolaeva ◽  
Seonghwan Kim ◽  
Tracey Olson ◽  
Devin Bily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Exotic Pathogens ◽  
Diverse Plant Species ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Diverse Plant

The increasing movement of exotic pathogens calls for systematic surveillance so that newly introduced pathogens can be recognized and dealt with early. A resource crucial for recognizing such pathogens is knowledge about the spatial and temporal diversity of endemic pathogens. Here, we report an effort to build this resource for Pennsylvania (PA) by characterizing the identity and distribution of Phytophthora species isolated from diverse plant species in PA nurseries and greenhouses. We identified 1137 Phytophthora isolates cultured from clinical samples of >150 plant species submitted to the PA Department of Agriculture for diagnosis from 1975 to 2019 using sequences of one or more loci and morphological characteristics. The three most commonly received plants were Abies, Rhododendron, and Pseudotsuga. Thirty-six Phytophthora species identified represent all clades, except 3 and 10, and included a distinct subgroup of a known species and a prospective new species. Prominent pathogenic species such as P. cactorum, P. cinnamomi, P. nicotianae, P. drechsleri, P. pini, P. plurivora, and P. sp. kelmania have been found consistently since 1975. One isolate cultured from Juniperus horizontalis roots did not correspond to any known species, and several other isolates also show considerable genetic variation from any authentic species or isolate. Some species were isolated from never-before-documented plants, suggesting that their host range is larger than previously thought. This survey only provides a coarse picture of historical patterns of Phytophthora encounters in PA nurseries and greenhouses because the isolation of Phytophthora was not designed for a systematic survey. However, its extensive temporal and plant coverage offers a unique insight into the association of Phytophthora with diverse plants in nurseries and greenhouses.

scholarly journals New Species of Tomentella (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) from Temperate Continental Mountain Climate of China (Xinjiang Region)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Xu Lu ◽  
Haisheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Mountain Climate ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Xinjiang Autonomous Region

Species in the genus Tomentella are distributed throughout the temperate and tropical regions worldwide, but few studies associated with the taxonomy and phylogeny of this genus had been reported from Northwest China. In this paper, molecular phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal ITS (internal transcribed spacer: ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and LSU (large subunit: 28S) sequences combined with morphological characteristics identified three new species from Xinjiang Autonomous Region in Northwest China, which were named T. aurantispora, T. kanasensis, and T. schrenkiana. Similar macromorphological and anatomical characteristics are shared by these new species: arachnoid basidiocarps; byssoid sterile margins; utriform basidia with a clamp connection at the base; the absence of rhizomorphs and cystidia; and slightly thick-walled, subglobose to globose basidiospores. Among these new species, the color of the hymenophoral surface, the size of the basidiospores, and some other features can be used for species delimitation. The new species and closely related species in the phylogenetic tree were discussed, and a key to the identified species of Tomentella from China was provided.

scholarly journals SPECIES DIVERSITY, UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION IN HOME GARDENS OF SOME RESIDENTIAL AREAS, COIMBATORE, INDIA.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamuna S ◽  
Subhasree R ◽  
Karthika K ◽  
Paulsamy S ◽  
Thenmozhi K
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Celosia Cristata ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

The present study was aimed at documenting species composition, utilization and conservation of plant species growing in home gardens of 10 residential areas of Coimbatore city, India. Household interviews and home garden surveys revealed that all the 109 plant species included in 60 families included have someeconomic uses or with ornamental significance. Higher number of species was herbs followed by shrubs, trees, climbers, succulent herbs, vines and sub-shrubs. The families viz., Asteraceae, Apocynaceae and Acanthaceae contributed higher number of plant species than the other families to the home gardens. Thespecies namely, Celosia cristata, Chrysanthemum odoratum and Ocimum basilicum have registered 50% frequency among the home gardens sampled which indicates that these species have distributed and maintained in comparatively higher number of home gardens. The home garden species are mainly under thecategories of vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, economic important species and medicinal. These results further report revealed that homegardens satisfy various household needs like food, ornamentals, medicines, building material, religious and ceremonial uses.

scholarly journals Effects of hydrogel amendment on water storage of sandy loam and loam soils and seedling growth of barley, wheat and chickpea

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Akhter ◽  
K. Mahmood ◽  
K.A. Malik ◽  
A. Mardan ◽  
M. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Available Water

The hydrogel amendments may improve seedling growth and establishment by increasing water retention capacity of soils and regulating the plants available water supplies, particularly under arid environments. The effects of different levels of a locally prepared hydrogel were studied on the moisture properties of sandy loam and loam soils (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplargids, USDA, Luvic Yermosol, FAO) and on growth response of three plant species, viz. barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Water absorption by gel was rapid and highest in distilled water and was inhibited by an increase in water salinity. The addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% hydrogel increased the moisture retention (θr) at field capacity linearly (r = 0.988) and thus the amount of plant available water significantly in both sandy loam and loam soils compared to the untreated soils. Seed germination of wheat and barley was not affected but seedling growth of both species was improved by the gel amendment. In loam soil, seed germination of chickpea was higher with 0.2% gel and seedling growth increased with increase in gel level compared with control conditions. The hydrogel amendment caused a delay by 4–5 days in wilting of seedlings grown in both soils compared with control conditions. The hydrogel amendment was effective in improving soil moisture availability and thus increased plant establishment. However, the varied responses of plant species in sandy loam and loam soils warrant further studies on the behaviour of different soil types with gel amendments.

scholarly journals Flowers visited by hummingbirds in an urban Cerrado fragment, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Guimarães Barbosa-Filho ◽  
Andréa Cardoso de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Floral Form ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

Hummingbirds are the main vertebrate pollinators in the Neotropics, but little is known about the interactions between hummingbirds and flowers in areas of Cerrado. This paper aims to describe the interactions between flowering plants (ornithophilous and non-ornithophilous species) and hummingbirds in an urban Cerrado remnant. For this purpose, we investigated which plant species are visited by hummingbirds, which hummingbird species occur in the area, their visiting frequency and behavior, their role as legitimate or illegitimate visitors, as well as the number of agonistic interactions among these visitors. Sampling was conducted throughout 18 months along a track located in an urban fragment of Cerrado vegetation in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. We found 15 species of plants visited by seven species of hummingbirds. The main habit for ornithophilous species was herbaceous, with the predominance of Bromeliaceae; among non-ornithophilous most species were trees from the families Vochysiaceae and Malvaceae. Hylocharis chrysura was the hummingbird that visited the largest number of plant species and also attended the greater number of agonistic events. The high proportion (66.7%) of non-ornithophilous species visited by hummingbirds in the present study was similar to that found in other communities analyzed in Brazil. The fact that ornithophilous species in the area does not offer resources continuously throughout the year should induce hummingbirds to search for alternative resources, and contribute to the high proportion of non-ornithophilous species visited. In general, the floral form was not a barrier to floral visits by hummingbirds, although morphological characteristics of flowers from some plant species may be restrictive. Tabebuia aurea, for example, presents flowers with long corollas, hindering the access to floral resources by the pollinators, what may favor the occurrence of illegitimate visits by hummingbirds. Despite of being a small fragment of Cerrado vegetation, the studied remnant can be considered an important refuge, sheltering a great richness of hummingbird species comparable to several forested areas in Brazil.

Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Myrtaceae in the State of S o Paulo, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 516 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. LOFEGO ◽  
G. J. DE MORAES ◽  
L. A.S. CASTRO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
The Family

Eighteen predatory mite species of the family Phytoseiidae are reported from three sites of the Cerrado ecosystem in the State of S o Paulo, southeastern Brazil, on seven plant species of the family Myrtaceae. This paper provides a list of those species and compares relevant morphological characteristics of the specimens collected with those of the original descriptions and/ or redescriptions of the corresponding species. A key is provided to help in the separation of the species mentioned in the paper. Some of the species collected have been reported as common predators on dominant crops in the region where the work was done. Their occurrence on Myrtaceae plants found naturally in the Cerrado ecosystem indicates that those plants could represent important reservoirs of those predators.

Synchrotron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to reveal the fate of Zn in pioneer plants from abandoned mining sites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Medas ◽  
Carlo Meneghini ◽  
Ilaria Carlomagno ◽  
Giovanni De Giudici
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pioneer Plants

<p>Mining activities generate a large amount of waste materials that are often very unstable and represent a source of pollution. Phytomanagement, in terms of phytostabilization, is considered a suitable method to decrease environmental risks of metal-enriched mine wastes (Parraga-Aguado et al. 2013). This technique employs plants to achieve the surface stabilization of the wastes by acting as a barrier which decreases wind borne dust and water erosion, reduces metal-enriched leaching through metal accumulation in plant roots and provides metal immobilization in the rhizosphere (Robinson et al. 2009; Sun et al. 2016).</p><p>Most of the research has focused on the selection of the best spontaneously adapted plant species (endemic pioneer plants) for each specific mining site (Parraga-Aguado et al. 2013), because they may respond better and can survive easily compared to introduced alien species (Bradshaw 1997; Pandey 2015). Pioneer vegetation may improve edaphic conditions by increasing soil nutrient content (Rodríguez et al. 2007) or ameliorating soil acidity (Rufo and de la Fuente 2010), and thus may favor further establishment of other plant species.</p><p>The investigation of metal transfer from the geosphere to the vegetal tissues helps to understand the adaptive strategies of plant species and may be useful for soil remediation actions. Synchrotron radiation-based techniques represent the state of the art tools to investigate the microscopic processes occurring in plant-soil systems (Kopittke et al. 2017). X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), are particularly suited to determine the finest complementary details about the atomic and crystallographic structure, distribution of elements, their chemical speciation and their valence state. Here, we report a review of selected researches performed on different plant species (<em>Pistacia</em> <em>lentiscus</em> L., <em>Euphorbia pithyusa</em> subsp. <em>cupanii</em>, <em>Phragmites australis</em>, and <em>Helichrysum microphyllum</em> Cambess. subsp. <em>tyrrhenicum</em>), growing on metal contaminated substrates in abandoned mining areas in Sardinia (Italy).</p><p>Our results demonstrate that these plant species have developed their own adaptation strategy to grow and to survive in polluted environments, making them potential candidates to develop low-cost and self-sustainable vegetative covers aimed at reducing the dispersion of metals in soils and waters around these mine polluted sites.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p><p>The authors acknowledge CESA (E58C16000080003) from RAS and RAS/FBS (F72F16003080002) grants, FP7 ERANETMED2 72094 SUPREME, the POR FESR Sardegna 2014-2020 (project cluster Top-Down: TESTARE), the Grant of Excellence Departments, MIUR (ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314 – 337 LEGGE 232/2016), and the CeSAR (Centro Servizi d'Ateneo per la Ricerca) of the University of Cagliari, Italy, for SEM analysis.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>A. Bradshaw, Ecol. Eng. 8, 255 (1997).</p><p>P.M. Kopittke et al., J. Environ. Qual. 46, 1175 (2017).</p><p>V.C. Pandey, Ecol. Eng. 82, 1 (2015).</p><p>I. Parraga-Aguado et al., Environ. Pollut. 176, 134 (2013).</p><p>B.H. Robinson et al., CRC. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 28, 240 (2009).</p><p>N. Rodríguez et al., Arid L. Res. Manag. 21, 51 (2007).</p><p>L. Rufo and V. de la Fuente, Arid L. Res. Manag. 24, 301 (2010).</p><p>Z. Sun et al., Ecol. Eng. 86, 60 (2016).</p>

scholarly journals Characterization ofH3PO4-Treated Rice Husk Adsorbent and Adsorption of Copper(II) from Aqueous Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Ru Zheng ◽  
Jiaying Zhao ◽  
Fang Ma ◽  
Yingchao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Agricultural Byproduct

Rice husk, a surplus agricultural byproduct, was applied to the sorption of copper from aqueous solutions. Chemical modifications by treating rice husk with H3PO4increased the sorption ability of rice husk for Cu(II). This work investigated the sorption characteristics for Cu(II) and examined the optimum conditions of the sorption processes. The elemental compositions of native rice husk and H3PO4-treated rice husk were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis was carried out for structural and morphological characteristics of H3PO4-treated rice husk. The surface functional groups (i.e., carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl) of adsorbent were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared Technique (FT-IR) and contributed to the adsorption for Cu(II). Adsorption isotherm experiments were carried out at room temperature and the data obtained from batch studies fitted well with the Langmuir and Freundlich models withR2of 0.999 and 0.9303, respectively. The maximum sorption amount was 17.0358 mg/g at a dosage of 2 g/L after 180 min. The results showed that optimum pH was attained at pH 4.0. The equilibrium data was well represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The percentage removal for Cu(II) approached equilibrium at 180 min with 88.9% removal.

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