scholarly journals Caatinga Albedo Preserved and Replaced by Pasture in Northeast Brazil

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Alcindo Mariano Souza ◽  
Cláudio Moisés Santos e Silva ◽  
Bergson Guedes Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Local Standard ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The caatinga is considered South America’s largest seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) and one of the most vulnerable endemic biomes in relation to climate change. The surface albedo in caatinga is relevant to understanding the role of this biome in the climate of the Northeast region of Brazil. Thus, a comparative analysis was conducted between the albedos of preserved and anthropized caatinga (pasture). Data were collected using CNR4-type net radiometers during the dry and rainy seasons. The mean albedo values were higher in the Pasture both in the dry and rainy season, with values of 0.181 and 0.177, respectively. In the caatinga, the mean albedo values were 0.137 in the dry season and 0.146 in the rainy season. The hourly average values for albedo, taken between 6:30 a.m. and 4 p.m., with intervals of 30 min, were also higher in the pasture. For convenience, this study uses local standard time (LST), which is 3 h behind from coordinated universal time (UTC). The greatest dispersions in the frequencies of the mean hourly albedo values occurred in the early morning and late afternoon. Some of the consequences of this study is the confirmation that there is an increase in albedo in caatinga replaced by pasture and this causes a reduction in the net radiation and also the finding that a region where there is adequate pasture management also enables albedo management and from solar radiation. And that further studies can indicate the impacts on temperature and precipitation, especially in warmer periods during the dry season.

STUDI BIONOMIK VEKTOR MALARIA DI KECAMATAN KALIBAWANG, KULONPROGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardjito Eko Windarso dkk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The increasing of malaria cases in recent years at Kecamatan Kalibawang has been suspected correspond with the conversion of farming land-use which initiated in 1993. Four years after the natural vegetation in this area were changed become cocoa and coffee commercial farming estates, the number of malaria cases in 1997 rose more than six times, and in 2000 it reached 6085. This study were aimed to observe whether there were any differences in density and diversity of Anopheles as malaria vector between the cocoa and mix farming during dry and rainy seasons. The results of the study are useful for considering the appropriate methods, times and places for mosquito vector controlling. The study activities comprised of collecting Anopheles as well as identifying the species to determine the density and diversity of the malaria vector. Both activities were held four weeks in dry season and four weeks in rainy season. The mea-surement of physical factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were also conducted to support the study results. Four dusuns which meet the criteria and had the highest malaria cases were selected as study location. Descriptively, the results shows that the number of collected Anopheles in cocoa farming were higher compared with those in mix horticultural farming; and the number of Anopheles species identifi ed in cocoa farming were also more varied than those in the mix horticultural farming.Key words: bionomik vektor malaria, anopheles,

Stable Isotopes Analysis of Precipitation in Subtropical Plateau of Yunnan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1059-1063
Author(s):  
Wei Guan ◽  
Tao Fan ◽  
Xiu Qin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Line ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

To elucidate the relationship between stable isotopes of precipitation (SIP) and the extreme drought in Kunming area, based on the stable isotopes data of the GNIP in Kunming site from 1986 to 2003, the precipitation line equation is brought forward and the seasonal change rule of stable isotopes are discussed. The stable isotopic compositions of precipitation exhibit great diversities in different seasons during to influences of multiple factors, such as monsoon, rainfall amount moisture source and others. The δ18O values in rainwater exhibit significant seasonal variations, the average of-10.12‰ in rainy season, the dry season is-4.5‰, having lower values in the rainy season and higher one in the dry season. The amount effect of precipitation is very distinct, that concealed the temperature effect. Got the special geographical position,dvalues present unique characteristics, the average ofdvalues is 10.78‰ in rainy season, and is 4.86‰ in dry season, the mean value is generally lower than most parts of the world.

scholarly journals The Abundance and Biting Patterns of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Culicidae) in the Coastal Region of Nigeria

ISRN Zoology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel C. Uttah ◽  
Gloria N. Wokem ◽  
Christiana Okonofua
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
The Mean

This study was aimed at determining the abundance and biting patterns of Culex quinquefasciatus in the coastal region of Nigeria. Collections were done by human landing catch and by CDC miniature light traps from September 2005 to August 2006. A total of 3798 C. quinquefasciatus females were collected. The highest number of females was caught in the month of August and it represented nearly a quarter (24.0%) of the total females collected. In all, 38.8% of females dissected were parous. The abundance of C. quinquefasciatus followed the pattern of rainfall with the population starting to expand at the onset of the rains. The highest increase was found after the temperature had peaked. The mean of biting was 3.2 times more in the rainy season than in the dry season, whereas the transmission potential was higher in the dry season. C. quinquefasciatus is presently regarded as a biting nuisance having no significant epidemiological importance yet. Efforts at its control should be intensified before it is too late.

Seasonal movements of giraffes in Niger

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonnick Le Pendu ◽  
Isabelle Ciofolo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Hydrographic Network

The last population of giraffes in west Africa lives in Niger in an unprotected Sahelian region inhabited by farmers and herders. The spatial behaviour of each individual of the population (n = 63) was studied by direct observation during 15 mo. Two-thirds of the population were resident in the tiger bush in the rainy season and in the nearby area of Harikanassou, a sandy agricultural region, in the dry season. Rainy season and dry season home ranges were mutually exclusive and individual home ranges were overlapping when considering one season (rainy season: 84%; dry season: 67%). The mean size of the seasonal home ranges of these resident giraffes during the dry season (90.7 km2) was twice the mean size during the rainy season (46.6 km2). A third of the population moved 80 to 200 km in three directions, and two giraffes from an isolated group from Mali moved 300 km along the Niger River. Long distance movements of such length have never been reported before, and several explanations are proposed: previous distribution, social transmission, hydrographic network and food availability, poaching events. The giraffes in Niger do not avoid rural communities; indeed, they live in densely populated regions. Furthermore, their movements, synchronized with human activities in these regions, are representative of life conditions in the Sahel.

scholarly journals Cyathostomin larvae: presence on Brachiaria humidicola grass during the rainy and dry seasons of Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Claudia Navarro dos Santos ◽  
Luciene Soares de Souza ◽  
Vivian Suane de Freitas Vieira ◽  
Jairo Pinheiro ◽  
Maria de Lurdes de Azevedo Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The presence of cyathostomin larvae is directly associated to climatic conditions of each region. This study aimed to evaluate the ecology of infective larvae on Brachiaria humidicola during the dry and rainy seasons from October 2007 to September 2008 in a tropical region, Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil. Stools were collected from the rectum of horses naturally infected with cyathostomins at the beginning of the rainy season (October to March) and dry season (April to September). They were divided into four samples of 500 g and deposited on a grass patch of B. humidicola. Seven days later and every 15 days thereafter samples of feces and grass were collected and processed by the Baermann technique. The mean number of larvae recovered from the grass varied according to the season, with greater recovery of larvae during the peak of the dry season (14,700 L3.kg-¹ DM). There was a statistically significant difference between L3 recovered from feces and grass, but not between L3 recovered from the grass base and apex. These results show that the region’s climate favors the development and survival of infective cyathostomin larvae throughout the year, with a greater number of larvae during the dry season.

RADIAL GROWTH DYNAMICS OF TABEBUIA UMBELLATA (BIGNONIACEAE), A FLOOD-TOLERANT TREE FROM THE ATLANTIC FOREST SWAMPS IN BRAZIL

IAWA Journal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Henriques Callado ◽  
Sebastião José da Silva Neto ◽  
Fábio Rubio Scarano ◽  
Cecília Gonçalves Costa
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
The Mean

We studied the annual radial growth of Tabebuia umbellata (Sond.) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae) and its relationship to rainfall, temperature, photoperiod, flooding and phenology. This species showed cyclic annual growth. Growth was the greatest during the rainy season and flooding. Growth was associated with the presence of mature leaves on the trees. No increase in girth was observed during the dry season or during defoliation or flowering. The mean rate of radial growth was c. 6 mm/year. This flood-tolerant species maintained and increased radial growth during flooding.

scholarly journals Sexual behavior of 'morada nova' breeding sheep under semi-intensive rearing during the mating season in the brazilian semiarid

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3657
Author(s):  
Luana de Fátima Damasceno dos Santos ◽  
Edgard Cavalcanti Pimenta Filho ◽  
Edilson Paes Saraiva ◽  
Dermeval Araújo Furtado ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Execution Frequency ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Intensive System

This study aimed to evaluate the sexual behavior of 'Morada Nova' breeding sheep reared in the Brazilian semi-arid during dry and rainy seasons in a semi-intensive system. The behavioral data were gathered from 4 rams and 114 ewes, among which 55 during the rainy season and the other 59 females in the dry season. The behavioral observations were conducted from 6 am to 5 pm, during both periods. The observations were carried out continuously and split into 'event' (execution frequency) and 'state' (execution time). During the rainy season, the breeding sheep showed the most efficient sexual behavior, with a shorter reaction time (RT) and less frequent mount attempts (MA), being of 122 sec and 2.97, respectively. However, throughout the dry period, some sexual behaviors such as sniffing the urogenital of females (SUF), penis exposure (EXP), head tossing (HT), and courting of females (FC) became more frequent, mainly in the afternoon, as with the flehmen response (FR). Male courting behavior was more evident in the rainy season during the end of the day, remaining less active during the dry period. Sexual behavior intensity in 'Morada Nova' sheep varies throughout the day, especially in the dry season.

scholarly journals Seasonality of parasitic helminths of Leporinus macrocephalus and their parasitism rates in farming systems in the Amazon

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Williane Maria de Oliveira Martins ◽  
Márcia Cristina Nascimento Justo ◽  
Melissa Querido Cárdenas ◽  
Simone Chinicz Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Parasite Dynamics

Abstract The objective of the present study was to analyze the seasonality of parasitic helminths of Leporinus macrocephalus from fish farms in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil, and their parasitism rates. Between June 2014 and March 2015, 200 specimens were sampled from two fish farms: one with a semi-intensive system and the other with an extensive system (100 fish from each farm: 50 during the dry season and 50 during the rainy season). Fifteen species of parasites were found, with seasonal variations of some according to the farming system. In the semi-intensive fish farm, there was greater prevalence of infection during the dry season. Also, Urocleidoides paradoxus, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Goezia leporini and Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) acuminata presented differences in their parasitism rates between the seasons. In the extensive fish farm, no variation in the prevalence of infection was observed between the seasons and two species Tereancistrum parvus and G. leporini demonstrated differences only regarding the mean intensity of infection. The data presented here may help fish farmers to understand the parasite dynamics of L. macrocephalus in farming systems during the dry and rainy seasons in the state of Acre.

scholarly journals Export of materials along a tidal river channel that links a coastal lagoon to the adjacent sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Aldeco Ramírez ◽  
Martha Signoret Poillon ◽  
María Adela Monreal Gómez ◽  
David Alberto Salas de León
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tidal River ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Tidal Velocity ◽  
The Mean

Intratidal variability and flux of salt, chlorophyll-a and suspended materials were evaluated in a shallow tropical tidal channel linking a coastal lagoon to the western Gulf of Mexico. Velocity, temperature and conductivity were used to calculate the fluxes. Data were recorded during three tidal velocity cycles (tvc) under extreme river discharge conditions. Chlorophyll-a and suspended materials were determined below the surface. In both seasons (dry and rainy), the flow was ebb-dominated and with longer duration than when in flood. Maximum current velocities were 0.30 m s-1 in May (dry season) and 0.60 m s-1 in September (rainy season). In the dry season the mean chlorophyll-a export was of 7.56 Kg over tvc while the import was of 3.32 Kg. In the rainy season mean export (47.3 Kg) was 6 times greater than the import (7.93 Kg over tvc). Phytoplankton was dominated by organisms of marine origin. The mean of exported, suspended materials in the rainy season (111.3 Kg) was 4.6 times greater (859 Kg) than that in the dry season (184.7 Kg over tvc). Tidal velocity asymmetry is an effective mechanism of exportation, introducing relatively warm and saltier water into the river through the tidal channel.

scholarly journals Effects of seasonal upwelling on hydrography and mesozooplankton communities in a Pacific tropical cove off Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bellineth Valencia ◽  
Alan Giraldo ◽  
Marisol Rivera-Gómez ◽  
Vanessa Izquierdo ◽  
Andrés Cuellar-Chacón
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Northern Pacific ◽  
Field Campaigns

Introduction: The effects of seasonal upwelling on the conditions of the water column and mesozooplankton communities are poorly understood in the coastal zones of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), despite the important role of upwelling events in the modulation of productivity in these zones. Objective: To evaluate the influence of seasonal upwelling over the Panama Bight on the structure of the water column and mesozooplankton communities in a tropical cove of the ETP. Methods: Hydrographic data and mesozooplankton samples were collected during four field campaigns in Ensenada de Utría (December 2011, February 2012, October 2013, and February 2013), an estuary located in the Northern Pacific coast of Colombia. Non-parametric and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate seasonal differences in the environmental and biotic variables. Results: Surface waters were warm (> 25 °C) and presented low salinities (< 30) throughout the study period. In contrast, subsurface waters were colder (< 20 °C), saltier (> 33), and presented low dissolved oxygen concentrations (< 2.0 ml l-1) during the dry season (January - March), whereas the water column was homogeneous during the rainy season (April - December). Despite the seasonal changes in the environmental conditions, the expected enhancement in the productivity of the system during the dry season (i.e., higher biomass and abundance of the mesozooplankton) only occurred in February 2012. Contrary to expectations, ichthyoplankton abundance was higher during the rainy season, when the assemblage was dominated by the larvae of anchovy (Cetengraulis mysticetus) and an unidentified Gobiidae. Conclusions: The entrance of upwelled waters into Ensenada de Utría is an important factor modulating the seasonal changes observed in the water column. However, there is high interannual variability in the response of mesozooplankton communities to the upwelling events. Because upwelled waters are oxygen-depleted and more acidic, the entrance of upwelled waters into Ensenada de Utría could be causing physiological stress to the benthic and pelagic organisms inhabiting the deepest zones of the cove. This condition may worsen in the future given the predicted increase of deoxygenation and ocean acidification due to climate change.

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