scholarly journals Effects of Silicon and Silicon-Based Nanoparticles on Rhizosphere Microbiome, Plant Stress and Growth

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Vishnu D. Rajput ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Morteza Feizi ◽  
Arpna Kumari ◽  
Masudulla Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tissue Surface ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
High Bioavailability ◽  
Rhizospheric Microbes

Silicon (Si) is considered a non-essential element similar to cadmium, arsenic, lead, etc., for plants, yet Si is beneficial to plant growth, so it is also referred to as a quasi-essential element (similar to aluminum, cobalt, sodium and selenium). An element is considered quasi-essential if it is not required by plants but its absence results in significant negative consequences or anomalies in plant growth, reproduction and development. Si is reported to reduce the negative impacts of different stresses in plants. The significant accumulation of Si on the plant tissue surface is primarily responsible for these positive influences in plants, such as increasing antioxidant activity while reducing soil pollutant absorption. Because of these advantageous properties, the application of Si-based nanoparticles (Si-NPs) in agricultural and food production has received a great deal of interest. Furthermore, conventional Si fertilizers are reported to have low bioavailability; therefore, the development and implementation of nano-Si fertilizers with high bioavailability could be crucial for viable agricultural production. Thus, in this context, the objectives of this review are to summarize the effects of both Si and Si-NPs on soil microbes, soil properties, plant growth and various plant pathogens and diseases. Si-NPs and Si are reported to change the microbial colonies and biomass, could influence rhizospheric microbes and biomass content and are able to improve soil fertility.

Mechanisms of Impairment of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Intact Leaves by Ozone

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 824-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gerhard Reichenauer ◽  
Harald Romuald Bolhàr-Nordenkampf
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Negative Consequences

Tropospheric ozone has been recognised as a limiting factor for plant growth since late fifties of our century. The decrease in the rate of light saturated net photosynthesis (Asat) was shown to be the major effect of ozone in leaves with negative consequences for plant growth and the development of plant communities. The reasons for the ozone-induced decrease in Asat are still under investigation. Possible mechanisms are an increasing stomatal limitation, an increase in mesophyll limitation including a reduction of the CO2 fixation in the Calvin cycle and an impairment of the photochemical reactions in the grana membranes of chloroplasts. We conclude from the reviewed literature and from our own experiments that a decrease in carboxylation efficiency (CE) seems to be an early event caused by ozone leading to a decrease in Asat. The loss in current photochemical capacity (Fv/Fm) appears with a lag phase of many days and therefore the loss is thought to be a secondary effect due to a decreased demand of ‘assimilatory power’

scholarly journals Genome Sequencing of Pantoea agglomerans C1 Provides Insights into Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Plant Growth-Promotion and Tolerance to Heavy Metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Luziatelli ◽  
Anna Grazia Ficca ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Francesca Melini ◽  
Andrea Cavalieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Distinctive strains of Pantoea are used as soil inoculants for their ability to promote plant growth. Pantoea agglomerans strain C1, previously isolated from the phyllosphere of lettuce, can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilize phosphate, and inhibit plant pathogens, such as Erwinia amylovora. In this paper, the complete genome sequence of strain C1 is reported. In addition, experimental evidence is provided on how the strain tolerates arsenate As (V) up to 100 mM, and on how secreted metabolites like IAA and siderophores act as biostimulants in tomato cuttings. The strain has a circular chromosome and two prophages for a total genome of 4,846,925-bp, with a DNA G+C content of 55.2%. Genes related to plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity, such as those associated with IAA and spermidine synthesis, solubilization of inorganic phosphate, acquisition of ferrous iron, and production of volatile organic compounds, siderophores and GABA, were found in the genome of strain C1. Genome analysis also provided better understanding of the mechanisms underlying strain resistance to multiple toxic heavy metals and transmission of these genes by horizontal gene transfer. Findings suggested that strain C1 exhibits high biotechnological potential as plant growth-promoting bacterium in heavy metal polluted soils.

scholarly journals The Case for Stimulating a Planetary Protection Framework for Emerging Private Space Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Profitiliotis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Planetary Protection ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Financing Mechanism ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Space Activities

The emergence of private space activities is pushing the boundaries of the space industry with technological innovations that may soon enable the targeting of the novel market segments of space research and exploration, space resources utilization, and human access to space. Planetary protection is defined as a set of guidelines that aim to prevent the forward contamination of celestial bodies with biological material from Earth and the backward contamination of the terrestrial biosphere with extraterrestrial biological material. Significant questions are expected to be raised in the future with respect to potential forward and backward contamination issues of emerging private space activities. Unfortunately, the jurisdiction over and the enforcement of forward and backward contamination prevention measures to private space endeavors are currently facing policy and regulatory gaps and ambiguities. The key challenges with the current planetary protection policy landscape indicate that these contamination issues of private space activities can indeed have lasting negative impacts on social, economic, and environmental equity, sustainable development on Earth, and the sustainable exploration and development of other celestial bodies. Drawing on its multidisciplinary expertise, the UN system is favorably positioned to play a key role in stimulating a novel planetary protection framework for emerging private space activities. Firstly, it can provide an international forum for the harmonization and agreement on such a framework. Secondly, it can create a financing mechanism to fund international research and development consortia of public and private organizations under a pre-competitive collaboration scheme for planetary protection technologies. Thirdly, it can establish a process of civic engagement to promote the meaningful participation of the civil society in the formulation of this framework. A prudent consideration of this matter may not only counteract the inequitable distribution of any unintended negative consequences, but may also facilitate economic development in a respectful, sustainable, and responsible manner.

scholarly journals Psycho-social impacts of virtual communication

Temida ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Rajko Macura ◽  
Slavoljub Vujovic ◽  
Djuro Mikic
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Impact

The emergence and spread of Internet communication has led to changes in social relationships, abuse of the Internet and maladaptive behavior. Among the authors who have studied the impact of these changes there is no consensus, and the results of their research are often contradictory. Some authors conclude that Internet communication strengthens networks of its users, while others believe that such communication leads to reduced participation in real social life. In a number of people, excessive use of the Internet adversely affects the mental health and social life and can lead to obsession at the expense of other aspects of life and creating addiction. The greatest risk of negative impacts of online communication is among children and young people. This paper is meant to indicate, the good sides as well as the negative consequences of excessive and non-functional Internet use

scholarly journals Diversity, biocontrol, and growth promotion potential of culturable endophytic fungi isolated from root, shoot, and leaf of wild Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang across the seasons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Yu ◽  
Ying Yao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Phoebe Bournei

Endophytic fungi were isolated from Phoebe bournei and their diversity and antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting activities were investigated. Of the 389 isolated endophytic fungi, 88.90% belonged to phylum Ascomycota and 11.10% to phylum Basidiomycota. The isolates were grouped into four taxonomic classes, 11 orders, 30 genera, and 45 species based on internal transcribed spacer sequencing and morphologic analysis. The host showed a strong affinity for the genera Diaporthe and Phyllosticta. The diversity of the fungi was highest in autumn, followed by spring and summer, and was lowest in winter. The fungi exhibited notable tissue specificity in P. bournei, and the species richness and diversity were highest in the root across all seasons. Five isolates showed antimicrobial activity against eight plant pathogens, and reduced the incidence of leaf spot disease in P. bournei. Additionally, 9 biocontrol isolates showed plant growth-promoting activity, with five significantly promoting P. bournei seedling growth. This is the first report on the endophytic fungi of P. bournei and their potential applicability to plant disease control and growth promotion.

scholarly journals Climate Inaction in Business Management: An Exploratory Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Alan F. Rodriguez-Jasso ◽  
Arturo Briseno ◽  
Ana L. Zorrilla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Business And Management

Climate change is considered as one of the major threats for the international community due to its negative consequences in the financial, social, and environmental issues. Companies, who are considered as an essential element in the mitigation process, have exerted corporate inactivity to address climate change that has led to the increment of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, contributing to climate change over the last decade. The objective of this review is to explore, summarize, and analyze the state of knowledge in the business and management literature about climate inaction that guides future researches to diminish this corporate inactivity, enhancing the practices aimed to reduce such emissions. The review was developed through the narrative method in order to acquire a broad perspective of the phenomenon through the examination of 24 articles from the Web of Science from 1998 to 2018. Our findings indicate that climate inaction is nascent and fragmented literature where the company is identified as one of the main actors, being this approach developed from different perspectives that guide to decrease such corporate inactivity, and motivating the corporate action. The inclusion of the concept of climate inaction might lead to an understanding of the mechanisms for climate mitigation, providing a guide for future research in the field of environmental performance.

How to survive mistreatment by customers: employees’ work withdrawal and their coping resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-24
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Difficult Situations ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings A study of the emotional responses to mistreatment by customers in a Chinese hospital showed the negative consequences of their performance at work. The authors showed how workers tended to withdraw from difficult situations that left them in a state of emotional exhaustion. Both social support from colleagues and a conscientious attitude reduced the negative impacts. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

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