scholarly journals Understanding the Effects of Growing Seasons, Genotypes, and Their Interactions on the Anthesis Date of Wheat Sown in North China

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Ziwei Li ◽  
Bangyou Zheng ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
North China ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
Vernalization Genes

Quantitative studies on the effects of growing season, genotype (including photoperiod genes and vernalization genes), and their interaction (GGI) on the anthesis date of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are helpful to provide a scientific reference for selecting or developing adaptive varieties in target environments. In this study, we collected 100 winter wheat varieties with ecological adaptability in North China and identified the anthesis date under field conditions for three consecutive years from 2016 to 2019 with mapped photoperiod and vernalization alleles. Our results showed that the number of the photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-D1a allele increased with variety replacement, while the haplotype Ppd-A1b + Ppd-D1b + vrn-D1 (A4B2) decreased from the 1940s to 2000s. The anthesis date of A4B2 was significantly delayed due to the photoperiod-insensitive alleles Ppd-A1b and Ppd-D1b. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and GGI biplot analysis were used for data analysis. A large portion of the total variation was explained by growing seasons (66.3%), while genotypes and GGIs explained 21.9% and 10.1% of the anthesis dates, respectively. The varieties from the 1940s and before had a great influence on the anthesis date, suggesting these germplasms tend to avoid premature anthesis and could facilitate the development of phenological resilient varieties.

scholarly journals The Spike Characteristics of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties in Agro–Ecological Conditions of Banja Luka Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Danijela Kondić ◽  
Maja Bajić ◽  
Đurađ Hajder ◽  
Desimir Knežević ◽  
Borut Bosančić
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Random System ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Banja Luka

The aim of this study was to analyze the spike length, number of grains per spike and grain weight per spike of winter wheat in agro–ecological conditions of Banja Luka at different sowing densities. Three winter wheat varieties (NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka) were examined at seven sowing densities (384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 588 and 604 seeds/m2) in two growing seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15). Experimental design was a completely random system with four replications. In all wheat varieties, sowing was carried out from the 6th to 8th November in 2013/14 and from the 3rd to 5th November in 2014/15. Sampling of plants was done in the first decade of July in both experimental years. Factorial ANOVA 2×8×3 and LSD‒test were performed, with year, sowing density and variety as main factors. For different varieties, the average number of grains per spike ranged from 34.53 to 38.19 while the average grain weight per spike (g) ranged from 1.58 to 1.73 g. The spike length ranged from 7.58 to 8.20 cm for varieties with statistically significant interaction effect variety × year at P ≤ 0.01. Spike parameters were generally higher in the second experimental year (2014/15).

scholarly journals Forming of productivity of new soft winter wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) subject to phyto-virus pressure

2008 ◽  
Vol 0 (1(7)) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
В. П. Петренкова ◽  
І. М. Черняева ◽  
Т. Ю. Маркова ◽  
Н. І. Рябчун ◽  
О. О. Ісаєнко
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals The variability of the trait thickness of the straw second internode (TS-2M) of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of different origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
V. M. Tishchenko ◽  
O. M. Dinets
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Different Origin

Aim. Detailed examination of different studies showed that the thickness of the straw second internode of soft winter wheat is not sufficient investigated. Methods. The article presents the results of an experiment for the study of the formation and the variability of the trait thickness of the straw second internode (TS-2M) in different soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and breeding lines. There are forty one wheat varieties of different origin presented in this study. Results. It was established that the trait TS-2M significantly correlated with the main yield traits. Therefore, the selection of productive genotypes in the selection process based on TS-2M is effective. Conclusions. The statistical analysis of winter wheat varieties based on the trait TS-2M showed that the level of formation and variability of this trait is genetically determined. Keywords: winter wheat, the second internode (ТS-2М), genetic coefficient of variation (CV%).

scholarly journals Winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mutation depression under gamma-rays action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nazarenko ◽  
◽  
Y. Lykholat ◽  
V. Savosko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Local Breeding

The purpose of our investigation was to identify the features of the depressive effects of the aftereffect of different doses of gamma-rays on winter wheat varieties of local breeding in terms of germination, survival, morphometry, yield. The parameters of germination and survival, the passage of the main phases of ontogenesis in winter wheat plants of French varieties (Courtiot and Gallixe) at the first generation were studied. The influence of mutagenic depression on parameters of yield structure (morphometry of mature plants) was established and the level of their variability was estimated too. In 2019 - 2020, experiments were conducted in the research fields of the research center of the Dnieper State Agrarian and Economic University. The experiments used seeds of Courtiot and Gallixe varieties, irradiated with gamma rays in doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 Gy. Control was dry seeds. The variety Gallixe can be classified as resistant to gamma-rays, the variety Courtiotwas corresponded to high-sensitive. Parameter of germination and survival were directly correlated with increasing dose, with a dose of 200 Gy already semi-lethal, a dose of 250 Gy for variety Courtiot was sublethal, 300 Gy doze full-lethal, for the variety Gallixe sublethal was 300 Gy dose by which almost no plant material was obtained. Such parameters as plant height, weight of grain from the main spike and weight of thousand grains, partially (except for doses of 100-150 Gy) weight of grain from the plant reliably reproduce the mutagenic depression. Depression of the variety is affected by the dose of mutagen more than the genotype of the variety; the plant height parameter clearly demonstrates mutagenic depression. According to the results of factor and discriminant analysis as indicators affected by genotype-mutagenic interaction should be used germination and survival, pollen sterility, plant height, grain weight per spike, weight of thousand grains. Doses of 100 - 200 Gy are optimal for further use to obtain mutations; it is possible to use a dose of 250 Gy for the variety Gallixe.

scholarly journals THE STUDY RESULTS OF ADAPTIVE-ECOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE NEW VARIETIES AND PROMISING LINES OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT IN THE RYAZAN REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Study Results ◽  
As Stress

A number of objective reasons for the modern agrarian complex show that it is necessary to orient the most part of the agricultural establishments to a wider introduction of environmentally adaptable varieties. Due to the relevance of this problem, the article analyzes the study results of the competitive variety trials (2016–2018) of 6 varieties, 2 of which are on the SVT, and 11 breeding lines of winter wheat of local selection according to the parameters of ecological adaptability in the agricultural zone of the Ryazan region. There were studied such indicators as stress tolerance, genetic flexibility, coefficient of variation, coefficient of adaptability, yield range, index of stability and indicator of PUSS. As a result of research, it was found that the yield of the standard variety “Angelina” was 7.59 t/ha. The varieties “Glafira”, “Okskaya Krasa” (8.25 and 8.31 t/ha, respectively) produced larger average productivity than the standard variety. The breeding lines “L 45/18”, “L 48/18”, “L 49/18”, “L 65/18”, “L 64/18”, “L 46/18”, “L 63/18” had an average productivity of 7.72 to 8.16 t/ha. It was established that the studied winter wheat varieties and lines had different stress resistance (–0.9...–3.1), a large variation in genetic flexibility (6.9–8.34), different stability index (3.4–19.0) and PUSS (39.6%–223.6%). It was found that only 10 (58.8%) varieties and lines out of 17 studied ones had an average adaptability factor higher than 1. The study has identified that the variety “Glafira” and the breeding lines “L 43/18”, “L 44/18”, “L 45/18” are the most adaptable and stable ones in the conditions of the Ryazan region.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona VAGUSEVICIENĖ ◽  
Sonata KAZLAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Aiste JUCHNEVICIENĖ ◽  
Asta BYLAITE ◽  
Audrone ŽEBRAUSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Alcohol Extract

Dynamics of photosynthesis pigments in the leaves of different varieties of winter wheat during the vegetation period is analyzed in the paper. The accumulation of pigments in the plant depends on the physiological activity, growth and development of the plant, therefore the composition and content of photosynthesis pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids reflect the general condition of the plant. The ratio of chlorophyll a / b for normal photosynthesis activity in the leaves of the plant should be at least 1:3. The object of the research is different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - 'Artist', 'Edvin', 'Skagen', 'Bertold' and 'Viola'. Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2015-2016. Soil type was identified as IDg8 - k (LVg - p - w - cc) - shallow calcareous luvisol (Calc (ar) i - Epihypogleyic Luvisols). Agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using accepted analytical methods. The content of photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in green leaf mass was determined in 96% ethyl alcohol extract applying spectrophotometric Wettstein method, “Genesys” 6 spectrophotometer. The photosynthesis productivity (Fpr) was calculated according to the formula: Fpr = 2 (M2-M1) / (L1 + L2) T. The accuracy of the data analysis was estimated according to the standard measurement deviation from the mean. The highest content of photosynthesis pigments has been accumulated by winter wheat variety 'Skagen'. The best result has been observed at the end of nodding stage. A lower content of photosynthesis pigments has been found in the leaves of 'Edvin', 'Viola' and 'Artist' varieties. The highest photosynthesis productivity of all winter wheat varieties has been recorded at the end of nodding stage, and decrease of photosynthesis productivity has been observed since milk maturity stage.

176 Evaluating Dual-purpose Wheat Varieties in the Southeastern U.S

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Micayla H West ◽  
Russell C Carrell ◽  
Sandra L Dillard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract Dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems increase farm sustainability by diversifying on-farm income. While these systems are common in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, they are not often utilized in the Southeast. This study aimed to evaluate pre- and post-grazing herbage mass (HM) of four winter wheat varieties managed under a dual-purpose grazing and grain production system. The winter wheat varieties evaluated were generic feed-type wheat (mixed variety, Feed), seed-type wheat (‘GA Gore’) and two forage-type varieties, ‘AGS 2024’ (AGS) and ‘Pioneer 26R41’ (Pioneer). The experiment was a completely randomized block design with n = 4. Each plot was randomly assigned either as no-grazing (CON) or grazing (GF2). Plots were grazed with cow-calf pairs that were fasted 24 h before each grazing event. Grazing was considered complete when the average stubble height was 10 cm. Herbage mass was determined using three 0.1m2-quadrats per plot and clipping to a 10 cm stubble height before (PreG) and after (PostG) each grazing event. Forage samples were then dried at 45°C for 72 h. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Differences were declared at P < 0.05. Initial HM was greater for PreG than PostG (883 and 615 kg/ha, respectively; P < 0.01). Prior to grazing, AGS (1204 kg/ha) was greater (P < 0.02) than all other varieties. Pre-grazing, there were no differences among the other varieties (776 kg/ha; P > 0.14). Post-grazing, AGS had a greater HM than Seed (788 and 391 ka/ha, respectively; P = 0.04), while all other varieties were intermediate (642 kg/ha). Herbage mass was affected by grazing frequency with CON being greater (P < 0.01) than GF2 (993 and 691 kg/ha, respectively). These results indicate that both wheat variety and grazing treatment had an effect on dual-purpose wheat herbage mass.

Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Root-Shoot Development and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 2389-2395
Author(s):  
Bin Hu ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Seasons

In order to investigate the optimal water-saving and high-efficient irrigation patterns of winter wheat in North China Plain, during 2010－2011 and 2011－2012 winter wheat growing seasons, 3 irrigation treatments were conducted, i.e., irrigated 120 mm only at jointing stage (T1), irrigated 120 mm only at heading stages (T2), and irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages (T3), respectively, to study the effect of deficit irrigation on root-shoot development and grain yield of winter wheat in North China Plain. The results showed that under the condition of irrigated 120 mm during the winter wheat growing season, the treatment which irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages, the leaf area index significantly (LSD, P<0.05) increased at milky stage, which was mainly due to increase the leaf area index at 0－20 and more than 60 cm above the ground surface. The 2 growing season results revealed that dry matter accumulation at maturity stage in T3 was significantly (LSD, P<0.05) higher than those in T1 and T2. Compared with T2, the root length density in T1 and T3 were significantly (LSD, P<0.05) higher below the ground surface 50 cm. The results indicated that irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages during the winter wheat growing seasons, grain yield was the highest, which could be attributed to significantly (LSD, P<0.05) increase the spike numbers. Under the condition of irrigated 120 mm during the winter wheat growing seasons in North China Plain, it is suggests that winter wheat should be irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages, to achieve reasonable water use efficiency and grain yield.

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