scholarly journals Energy-Saving LED Light Affects the Efficiency of the Photosynthetic Apparatus and Carbohydrate Content in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f. Axillary Shoots Multiplied In Vitro

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Monika Cioć ◽  
Krzysztof Tokarz ◽  
Michał Dziurka ◽  
Bożena Pawłowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Led Light

An energy-saving light emitting diode (LED) system allows for adjustment of light quality, which affects plant development and metabolic processes in in vitro cultures. The study investigated the content of endogenous carbohydrates and the condition of the photosynthetic apparatus of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f. Our aim was to analyze the effects of different LED light qualities—100% red light (R LED), 100% blue (B LED), a mixture of red and blue (7:3) (RB LED), and a fluorescent lamp as a control (Fl)—during the multiplication of axillary shoots. After 40 days, the culture measurements were performed using a non-invasive pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorimeter. Sugar content was assessed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two forms of free monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), two sugar alcohol derivatives (inositol and glycerol), and seven forms of free oligosaccharides were identified. Of those, glucose content was the highest. LEDs did not disturb the sugar metabolism in multiplied shoots. Their monosaccharides were three times more abundant than oligosaccharides; the same results were found in plants grown under control light. R light depleted the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and caused its permanent damage. The RB LED spectrum ensured the most efficient non-photochemical quenching of the photosystem II (PS II) excitation state and high shoot quality.

Impact of LED light sources on morphogenesis and levels of photosynthetic pigments in Gerbera jamesonii grown in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Pawłowska ◽  
Marek Żupnik ◽  
Bożena Szewczyk-Taranek ◽  
Monika Cioć
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Led Light

scholarly journals The influence of light quality on the shoot proliferation and rooting of Gerbera jamesonii in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gabryszewska ◽  
Ryszard Rudnicki
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
The Media

The effect of white, blue, green, red and UV + white light on the growth and development of shoots and roots of Gerbera jamesonii cv. Queen Rebecca in relation to the presence of kinetin or IAA were investigated. The highest number of axillary shoots was obtained in red and green light on the medium with 5 mg l<sup>-1</sup> kinetin. Also, green and red light markedly increased the number of leaves developed on the plantlets on the medium supplemented with kinetin. Light quality and IAA added to culture medium variously affected the development of root system: roots were regenerated under all light treatments, higher root number was recorded under red light when 5 mg l<sup>-1</sup> IAA was added to the media, the shortest roots were found in red light on the medium supplemented with IAA. The greatest fresh weight of shoots was found under white light on the medium with kinetin. Red light markedly decreased shoot fresh weight on hormone-free medium. Blue and white light caused increase in fresh weight of roots.

scholarly journals Allosteric regulation of the light-harvesting system of photosystem II

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1402) ◽  
pp. 1361-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Horton ◽  
Alexander V. Ruban ◽  
Mark Wentworth
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Allosteric Regulation ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Non–photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) is symptomatic of the regulation of energy dissipation by the light–harvesting antenna of photosystem II (PS II). The kinetics of NPQ in both leaves and isolated chloroplasts are determined by the transthylakoid ΔpH and the de–epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle. In order to understand the mechanism and regulation of NPQ we have adopted the approaches commonly used in the study of enzyme–catalysed reactions. Steady–state measurements suggest allosteric regulation of NPQ, involving control by the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids of a protonationdependent conformational change that transforms the PS II antenna from an unquenched to a quenched state. The features of this model were confirmed using isolated light–harvesting proteins. Analysis of the rate of induction of quenching both in vitro and in vivo indicated a bimolecular second–order reaction; it is suggested that quenching arises from the reaction between two fluorescent domains, possibly within a single protein subunit. A universal model for this transition is presented based on simple thermodynamic principles governing reaction kinetics.

scholarly journals Effect of cytokinin and cultivar on shoot formation of Gerbera jamesonii in vitro.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L.M. Pierik ◽  
H.H.M. Steegmans ◽  
J.A.M. Verhaegh ◽  
A.N. Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Cytokinin Level ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Axillary Branching

The success of gerbera clonal propagation in vitro, using either capitulum explants or subcultured shoots in trials with up to 28 cvs, depended both on the cv. and on the cytokinin level in the medium. With capitulum explants, shoot formation was very low for some cvs regardless of the level of BA (5, 10 or 20 mg/l) whereas other cvs had individual optimum BA levels. Axillary branching of subcultured shoots differed between cvs and between levels of kinetin (1, 5 or 10 mg/l) in the medium. The optimum level for the highest quality shoots (highest leaf weight/shoot, no leaf malformation and no callus formation) was not always the same as the level producing the highest number of axillary shoots. Results are tabulated for each cv. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Eco-physiological peculiarities of Stellaria humifusa in West Spitsbergen

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Eugenia Fedorovna Markovskaya ◽  
Elena Valentinovna Novichonok ◽  
Natalya Yurievna Shmakova
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
West Spitsbergen

In the present paper, the results of the research of biometric parameters and functional peculiarities of photosynthetic apparatus of Stellaria humifusa in West Spitsbergen are discussed. The study showed that the largest proportion of the mat is composed of a brown layer of dead leaves covering the assimilative organs (about 70%). Green leaves and shoots accounted for about 20%, whereas generative organs – for about 10% of the mat mass. The values of the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PS II (FV/FM) in all the studied plants were lower than the optimal values (0.83), which suggests that the plants are exposed to stress factors. The low values of chlorophyll and carotenoid content and relatively high values of the light-harvesting complex (70-80%), the sharp decrease in the quantum yield of PS II (FPSII) entailed by a marginal increase in PPFD indicative of a sufficiently high of photochemical activity within the range of low and medium values of light. It also suggests that Stellaria humifusa is well-adapted to the shaded conditions created in the mat. Besides, a considerable decrease the maximum fluorescence yield of a light-adapted leaf (FM´) at increasing PPFD was observed, which suggests that Stellaria humifusa has a well-developed mechanism of energy dissipation via the non-photochemical (NPQ) pathway. The rapid development of NPQ gives reason to assume that, under high light conditions, non-photochemical quenching is likely to serve as the main mechanism for preventing the photodamage of the photosynthetic apparatus. Thus, it was shown that the photosynthetic apparatus of Stellaria humifusa works efficiently under the conditions created in the mat, and the thick layer of dead leaves covering the assimilative organs, on the one hand, protects them from excessive light, and on the other hand, absorbs thermal energy, which raises temperature of the local habitat.

scholarly journals Breaking the Dormancy of Snake’s Head Fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris L.) In Vitro Bulbs—Part 1: Effect of GA3, GA Inhibitors and Temperature on Fresh Weight, Sprouting and Sugar Content

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Marija Marković ◽  
Milana Trifunović Momčilov ◽  
Branka Uzelac ◽  
Aleksandar Cingel ◽  
Snežana Milošević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Different Temperatures

Bulbs are the main vegetative reproductive organs of Fritillaria meleagris L. In nature, as well as in vitro, they become dormant and require low temperatures for further growth during the next vegetative period. In the present study, using 10 μM of gibberellic acid (GA3), or gibberellin biosynthesis (GA) inhibitors—ancymidol (A) and paclobutrazol (P)—the dynamic changes in soluble sugars, fructose and glucose content, fresh weight and sprouting capacity were investigated. F. meleagris bulbs were cultured on medium with GA3 and GA inhibitors for 1, 2 and 5 weeks at two different temperatures (24 and 7 °C). GA3 improved bulb fresh weight, as well as sprouting percentage at both tested temperatures, compared to the control. The highest fresh weight increase (57.7%) and sprouting rate (29.02%) were achieved when bulbs were grown at 24 °C for 5 weeks. In addition, soluble sugar content was the highest in bulbs grown for 5 weeks on medium supplemented with GA3. The main sugar in fritillary bulbs was glucose, while fructose content was lower. The sensitivity of bulbs to GA inhibitors differed and significantly affected sugar content in bulbs. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the sugar composition in F. meleagris bulbs during breaking of the bulb’s dormancy and its sprouting.

scholarly journals Effects of light spectrum on morpho-physiological traits of grafted tomato seedlings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250210
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Yousef ◽  
Muhammad M. Ali ◽  
Hafiz M. Rizwan ◽  
Mohamed A. A. Ahmed ◽  
Waleed M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Red Led

It is already known that there are many factors responsible for the successful grafting process in plants, including light intensity. However, the influence of the spectrum of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on this process has almost never been tested. During the pre-grafting process tomato seedlings grew for 30 days under 100 μmol m-2 s-1 of mixed LEDs (red 70%+ blue 30%). During the post-grafting period, seedlings grew for 20 days under the same light intensity but the lightening source was either red LED, mixed LEDs (red 70% + blue 30%), blue LED or white fluorescent lamps. This was done to determine which light source(s) could better improve seedling quality and increase grafting success. Our results showed that application of red and blue light mixture (R7:B3) caused significant increase in total leaf area, dry weight (total, shoot and root), total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio, soluble protein and sugar content. Moreover, this light treatment maintained better photosynthetic performance i.e. more effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry Y(II), better photochemical quenching (qP), and higher electron transport rate (ETR). This can be partially explained by the observed upregulation of gene expression levels of PsaA and PsbA and the parallel protein expression levels. This in turn could lead to better functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of tomato seedlings and then to faster production of photoassimilate ready to be translocated to various tissues and organs, including those most in need, i.e., involved in the formation of the graft union.

Biometrical parameters, pigment content and functional characteristics of photosynthetic apparatus of Bistortavivipara within the territory of West Spitsbergen

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Eugenia Fedorovna Markovskaya ◽  
Natalya Yurievna Shmakova ◽  
Elena Valentinovna Novichonok
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
West Spitsbergen

In the present paper, the results of the research of biometric and functional parameters of photosynthetic apparatus of Bistorta vivipara from West Spitsbergen are presented and discussed. A high intraspecific variability of biometric parameters (linear dimensions and biomass) was found. The differences found in biomass suggest that biological productivity is associated with the functional activity of the plant individuals. A direct dependence of the biomass on the photosynthetic pigment content per unit dry mass of leaf has been revealed. A high variability of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ), basic fluorescence yield (F0), maximal fluorescence yield (FM) and variable fluorescence yield (FV) have been shown contrastingly to relatively constant values of the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PS II (FV/FM) and the coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching (qP). Close-to-theoretical-maximum FV/FM values indicated the absence of stress conditions and the presence of regulation systems in chloroplastic photosynthetic apparatus (PA) level functioning during varying microclimate parameters of the daily climate. The relatively constant qP indicated the same photosynthetic activity of the B. vivipara leaves, unaffected by the varying weather conditions. The NPQ data suggest that the non-photochemical quenching acts as a protective mechanism, sustaining the PA in an optimally active state and reducing probability of negative changes to PSII. The revealed high PA adaptability at the level of the plant structure and light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis makes it possible for B. vivipara to develop at a high functional level at various values of environmental factors, which provides for the successful growth of the species in the high Arctic region. The high PA flexibility suggests that B. vivipara is capable of active adaptation in the context of the forecast climate change.

scholarly journals Effect of the red light on the photosynthesis and phenolic accumulation in leaves of Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Le Anh Tuan ◽  
Phan Ngo Hoang ◽  
Seon-Ki Kim ◽  
Do Thuong Kiet
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Red Led

Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam a native herbaceous species containing many phenolic compounds is used in traditional medicine and medicinal technology. Phenolic acid, as well as many other secondary metabolites are photosynthetic-derived products. In this research, red LEDs (660 nm) and white fluorescent light were used to investigate the effects of different light sources on the photosynthesis and leaf phenolic compound accumulation of in vitro and ex vitro plants. Red LED (50 umol/m2/sec) promoted the stem elongation without changing plant biomass of in vitro plants. Increasing red LED intensities (from 50 to 100 or 150 umol/m2/sec) decrease maximum photochemical quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm) and coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching (qP), but stabilized electron transfer (ETR) and coefficient of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (qN) of in vitro leaves. Under 100 umol/m2/sec of red LED, ex vitro leaf area, carotenoid contents, isolated chloroplast. Hill reaction and total sugar content were significantly reduced in comparison to those parameters from control plants under white light. Ex vitro plants' total carbohydrate contents were not statistically different the total leaf phenolic content of ex vitro plants under red LED light exposure was much higher than that the of control.  

Macroorganisation and flexibility of thylakoid membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (20) ◽  
pp. 2981-3018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar H. Lambrev ◽  
Parveen Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Complex Ii ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex Ii

Abstract The light reactions of photosynthesis are hosted and regulated by the chloroplast thylakoid membrane (TM) — the central structural component of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrangement of the lipid–protein assemblies, aka macroorganisation, and its dynamic responses to the fluctuating physiological environment, aka flexibility, are the subject of this review. An emphasis is given on the information obtainable by spectroscopic approaches, especially circular dichroism (CD). We briefly summarise the current knowledge of the composition and three-dimensional architecture of the granal TMs in plants and the supramolecular organisation of Photosystem II and light-harvesting complex II therein. We next acquaint the non-specialist reader with the fundamentals of CD spectroscopy, recent advances such as anisotropic CD, and applications for studying the structure and macroorganisation of photosynthetic complexes and membranes. Special attention is given to the structural and functional flexibility of light-harvesting complex II in vitro as revealed by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. We give an account of the dynamic changes in membrane macroorganisation associated with the light-adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and the regulation of the excitation energy flow by state transitions and non-photochemical quenching.

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