scholarly journals Assessment of the Spatial Invasion Risk of Intentionally Introduced Alien Plant Species (IIAPS) under Environmental Change in South Korea

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Pradeep Adhikari ◽  
Yong Ho Lee ◽  
Yong-Soon Park ◽  
Sun Hee Hong
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Invasion Risk ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Horizon Scanning ◽  
The Individual

Predicting the regions at risk of invasion from IIAPS is an integral horizon-scanning activity that plays a crucial role in preventing, controlling, and eradicating invasive species. Here, we quantify the spatial distribution area and invasion risk of IIAPS using a species distribution model under different levels of environmental change in South Korea. From the model predictions, the current average spatial extent of the 10 IIAPS is 33,948 km2, and the individual spatial extents are estimated to change by −7% to 150% by 2050 and by −9% to 156% by 2070. The spatial invasion risk assessment shows that, currently, moderate-to-high invasion risk is limited to coastal areas and densely populated metropolitan cities (e.g., Seoul, Busan, and Gwangju), but that the area with this level of risk is expected to spread toward the central and northern regions of the country in the future, covering 86.21% of the total area of the country by 2070. These results demonstrate that the risk of invasion by IIAPS is estimated to enlarge across the whole country under future environmental changes. The modeling system provided in this study may contribute to the initial control and strategic management of IIAPS to maintain the dynamic ecosystems of South Korea.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL HABITAT MODELING OF WATER HYACINTH IN LAKES OF NEPAL USING MAXENT ALGORITHM

2019 ◽  
Vol IV-5/W2 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
S. S. Thakuri ◽  
P. Shrestha ◽  
M. Deuba ◽  
P. Shah ◽  
O. P. Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Habitat Modeling ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Maxent Algorithm

Abstract. Invasive Alien Plant Species are spreading outside of their natural geographic range. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the most widely and rapidly spreading invasive species throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal. In the last decade, water hyacinth has become a chronic problem in many major lakes of Nepal which have affected the habitat aquatic plants and animals. Our study focuses on potential habitat modeling of Water hyacinth over the major lakes of Nepal using Maxent algorithm. Primary data used for modeling were 19 bioclimatic variables and Shuttle Radar Topography Model (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). After preparation of the species distribution model, major lakes of Nepal were overlaid over the model to prepare potential invasive map. The performance and accuracy of potential habitat distribution model was evaluated using parameter Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) which was within the range of 0.9–1. Validation of the model was done for the year 2015 with precision and recall, overall accuracy and F-measure and its values are 93% and 85%, 87% and 89% respectively. The model prepared for 2030 and 2050 shows the most suitable habitat for water hyacinth is in province 2 of Nepal and the moderately suitable habitat for this species is plain area of Province 4, 7 and 5. Similarly, the area of potential habitat has been increasing from current scenario to 2030 and 2050. From the potential invasion map, it can be observed that lakes in the Terai and Churey regions have the high risk of invasion of water hyacinth.

The Individual Level: Selection Effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
Diane C. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Slow Onset ◽  
Governance Arrangements

This chapter contributes to the explanation to how environmental migrants are ‘selected’ at the individual and small group level. It argues that individual decisions to migrate depend on the type of environmental change. The author distinguishes between sudden onset environmental problems (e.g. natural disasters) and slow onset environmental problems (e.g. climate change). Sudden onsets make push factors more important- They give migrants less power over their decision to migrate, and therefore include more vulnerable population groups. On the contrary, slow onset events create opportunities for individual agency. Governance can play an important role as it can influence migration and environmental change, especially on the local and state level. The author argues that democratic governance arrangements confer agency to individuals and non-democratic governance delimits it. Moreover, the management of sudden onsets in the short run can be more effective in non-democratic governance, while slow onset environmental changes call for democratic governance arrangements.

scholarly journals New records of invasive Parakeet hybrids in Spain. A great opportunity to apply the rapid response mechanism

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Luis Postigo
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
New Records ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Invasion Risk ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Psittacula Krameri ◽  
The Rose

Abstract Prevention, early warning and rapid response are the most effective measures in preventing the impacts of invasive species. The Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri, is an invasive species widely spread across Europe, including Spain. The Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria is also an invasive species established in Europe, but not in Spain, although a species distribution model classified parts of Spain as ‘highly suitable’ and an invasion risk assessment predicted a ‘high risk of invasion’ in Europe. The first hybrids from these two species were recently detected in Spain. Based on these data, we suggest to capture the hybrids to prevent further invasion and possible interaction with other invasive parakeets in Spain.

scholarly journals Possible changes in spatial distribution of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Europe under warming climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Paź-Dyderska ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
Annual Range ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables

AbstractJuglans regia L. is a species of great importance for environmental management due to attractive wood and nutritious fruits, but also high invasive potential. Thus, uncertainties connected with its range shift are essential for environmental management. We aimed to predict the future climatic optimum of J. regia in Europe under changing climate, to assess the most important climatic factors that determine its potential distribution, and to compare the results obtained among three different global circulation models (GCMs). We used distribution data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and completed it with data from the literature. Using the MaxEnt algorithm, we prepared a species distribution model for the years 2061–2080 using 19 bioclimatic variables. We applied three emission scenarios, expressed by representative concentration pathways (RCPs): RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 and three GCMs: HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, and MPI-SM-LR. Our study predicted northward shift of the species, with simultaneous distribution loss at the southern edge of the current range, driven by increasing climate seasonality. Temperature seasonality and temperature annual range were the predictors of highest importance. General trends are common for the projections presented, but the variability of our projections among the GCMs or RCPs applied (predicted range will contract from 17.4 to 84.6% of the current distribution area) shows that caution should be maintained while managing J. regia populations. Adaptive measures should focus on maintaining genetic resources and assisted migration at the southern range edge, due to range contraction. Simultaneously, at the northern edge of the range, J. regia turns into an invasive species, which may need risk assessments and control of unintended spread.

scholarly journals Global invasion risk of Apocephalus borealis, a honey bee parasitoid

Apidologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Tihelka ◽  
John Hafernik ◽  
Brian V. Brown ◽  
Christopher Quock ◽  
Andrew G. Zink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Invasion Risk ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Honey Bee Health

AbstractApocephalus borealis is a parasitoid of hymenopterans native to North America that also attacks introduced honey bees (Apis mellifera). Parasitism by this species has been associated with infested bees absconding the hive and dying outside. The flies can also harbour viral infections and nosematosis. Recently, nucleotide sequences identical to A. borealis were reported from bulk screenings of honey bees from Belgium and South Korea, although no adult flies have been collected. To predict the potential invasion risk of A. borealis across the world, we constructed a MaxEnt species distribution model based on occurrence data from North America submitted to the citizen science project ZomBee Watch (zombeewatch.org) and from museum specimens. The results have shown that extensive parts of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, Asia Minor, southern Africa, eastern Asia, Australasia, and North and South America have high degrees of climatic suitability for invasion, suggesting that the fly could establish in these regions. The potential invasion range is expected to stay similar under different climate change scenarios. We discuss the status of A. borealis as an invasive species and measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of its introduction outside of North America. Our results highlight A. borealis as a potential threat to honey bee health worldwide that requires urgent attention of international veterinary bodies to prevent its spread.

scholarly journals Lateral Transmission of Yeast Symbionts Among Lucanid Beetle Taxa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaku Ueki ◽  
Sheng-Nan Zhang ◽  
Xue-Jiao Zhu ◽  
Xiu-Jun Wen ◽  
Koji Tojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Lateral Transmission

To deepen understanding the evolutionary process of lucanid–yeast association, the lateral transmission process of yeast symbionts among stag beetle genera Platycerus and Prismognathus around the border between Japan and South Korea was estimated based on molecular analyses and species distribution modelings. Phylogenetic analyses were based on yeast ITS and IGS sequences and beetle COI sequences using Prismognathus dauricus from the Tsushima Islands and Pr. angularis from Kyushu, Japan, as well as other sequence data from our previous studies. The range overlap based on the species distribution model (SDM) and differentiation in ecological space were analyzed. Based on the IGS sequences, Clade II yeast symbionts were shared by Platycerus hongwonpyoi and Pr. dauricus in South Korea and the Tsushima Islands, and Platycerus viridicuprus in Japan. Clade III yeasts were shared by Pr. dauricus from the Tsushima Islands and Pr. angularis in Japan. During the Last Interglacial period when the land bridge between Japan and the Korean Peninsula existed, range overlap was predicted to occur between Pl. viridicuprus and Pr. dauricus in Kyushu and between Pr. dauricus and Pr. angularis in Kyushu and the Tsushima Islands. The ecological space of Pl. hongwonpyoi was differentiated from that of Pl. viridicuprus and Pr. angularis. We demonstrated the paleogeographical lateral transmission process of Scheffersomyces yeast symbionts among lucanid genera and species: putative transmission of yeasts from Pr. dauricus to Pl. viridicuprus in Kyushu and from Pr. angularis to Pr. dauricus in Kyushu or the Tsushima Islands. We also found that the yeast symbionts are likely being replaced in Pr. dauricus on the Tsushima Islands. We present novel estimates of the lateral transmission process of microbial symbionts based on phylogenetic, SDM and environmental analyses among lucanid beetles.

scholarly journals Prediction of Spatiotemporal Invasive Risk by the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South Korea

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Dae-hyeon Byeon ◽  
Jong-Ho Lee ◽  
Heung-Sik Lee ◽  
Youngjin Park ◽  
Sunghoon Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Climatic Suitability ◽  
Solenopsis Invicta Buren ◽  
Ecoclimatic Index ◽  
Imported Fire Ant

In this study, we analyzed the potential distribution of red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in response to climate change in South Korea using CLIMEX, a species distribution model. We further attempted to evaluate the risk of the distribution/invasion and subsequent dispersion by considering climatic suitability, and functional characteristics of cities and covered cultivated areas. The climatic suitability has extended from the southern and coastal regions to inland regions due to climate change. The number of areas with EI (Ecoclimatic Index) values of more than 20 was 9 (12%) in the current climate; the value was assumed to increase to 23% (2040), 24% (2060), 42% (2080), and 62% (2100) from the South Korea coast to inland. We predicted that May to October would be the most active period in seven domestic high-habitation areas. We also analyzed the invasive risk of the red imported fire ant into covered domestic cultivation areas. Considering climatic suitability, we determined that Jeju, Pohang, Busan, Ulsan, Mokpo, and Gosan would be the most affected areas. This study can provide baseline data for the management of invasive species nationally and for regional control through predictions of the probability of settlement and direction of spread.

scholarly journals Once upon a time in the far south: Influence of local drivers and functional traits on plant invasion in the harsh sub-Antarctic islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuele Bazzichetto ◽  
François Massol ◽  
Marta Carboni ◽  
Jonathan Lenoir ◽  
Lembrechts Jonas J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Alien Plant

AbstractAimHere, we aim to: (i) investigate the local effect of environmental and human-related factors on alien plant invasion in sub-Antarctic islands; (ii) explore the relationship between alien species features and their dependence on anthropogenic propagule pressure; and (iii) unravel key traits conferring invasiveness in the sub-Antarctic.LocationPossession Island, Crozet archipelago (French sub-Antarctic islands).TaxonNon-native vascular plants (Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Juncaceae).MethodsSingle-species distribution models were used to explore the effect of high-resolution topoclimatic and human-related variables on the occurrence of six of the most aggressive alien plants colonizing French sub-Antarctic islands. Furthermore, the interaction between alien species traits and their response to anthropogenic propagule pressure was analysed by means of a multi-species distribution model. This allowed identifying the features of species that were associated to low dependence on human-assisted introductions, and were thus potentially more invasive.ResultsWe observed two main invasion patterns: low-spread species strongly dependent on anthropogenic propagule pressure and high-spread species limited mainly by harsh climatic conditions. Differences in invasiveness across species mostly related to their residence time, life history and plant height, with older introductions, perennial and low-stature species being more invasive.Main conclusionsThe availability of high-resolution data improved our understanding of the role of environmental and human-related factors in driving alien species distribution on sub-Antarctic islands. At the same time, the identification of alien species features conferring invasiveness may help anticipating future problematic invasions.

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