scholarly journals Melatonin and KNO3 Application Improves Growth, Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize Seedlings under Waterlogging Stress Conditions

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Guo-Yun Wang ◽  
Ihsan Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
Xun-Bo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Plant Growth Characteristics

Waterlogging is one of the serious abiotic stresses that inhibits crop growth and reduces productivity. Therefore, investigating efficient waterlogging mitigation measures has both theoretical and practical significance. The objectives of the present research were to examine the efficiency of melatonin and KNO3 seed soaking and foliar application on alleviating the waterlogging inhibited growth performance of maize seedlings. In this study, 100 µM melatonin and different levels (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g) of potassium nitrate (KNO3) were used in seed soaking and foliar applications. For foliar application, treatments were applied at the 7th leaf stage one week after the imposition of waterlogging stress. The results showed that melatonin with KNO3 significantly improved the plant growth and biochemical parameters of maize seedlings under waterlogging stress conditions. However, the application of melatonin with KNO3 treatments increased plant growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, and the net photosynthetic rate at a variable rate under waterlogging stress. Furthermore, melatonin with KNO3 treatments significantly reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and it decreased the activity of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase, while increasing enzymatic activities and soluble protein content of maize seedlings under waterlogging stress conditions. Overall, our results indicated that seed soaking with 100 µM melatonin and 0.50 g KNO3 was the most effective treatment that significantly improved the plant growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and enzymatic activity of maize seedling under waterlogging conditions.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroids Regulate Antioxidant System and Protect Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Autotoxicity-Stressed Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yang ◽  
Muhammad Azher Nawaz ◽  
Fuxin Li ◽  
Lisha Bai ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

Autotoxicity is a common problem being faced in protected vegetable cultivation system. Phytoremediation of plant autotoxicity is an emerging concept to minimize deterioration of soil environment and reduction of yield and quality of vegetable crops. Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been reported as a potential phytohormone to assist phytoremediation. However, the effects of BRs-induced autotoxicity stress on plant growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system are poorly understood. Hence, we focused on the changes in physiological characteristics and ultrastructure of cucumber leaves in response to the application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) under autotoxicity stress conditions. The results showed that leaf area, plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of cucumber were obviously decreased under autotoxicity stress conditions. EBR application obviously improved the phenotypic characteristics of cucumber seedlings. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of cucumber leaves were markedly reduced under autotoxicity stress conditions. Application of EBR improved the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a by 15.80%, chlorophyll b by 18.70% and total chlorophyll content by 17.30%), net photosynthetic rate by 36.40% and stomatal opening of leaves under autotoxicity stress conditions. EBR application also maintained the integrity of chloroplast and thylakoid structures under autotoxicity stress conditions. The activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and antioxidative compounds ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were markedly decreased, however, these were obviously increased after EBR application under autotoxicity stress. EBR application also increased the soluble sugar and protein, and proline concentration by 59.70%, 7.22% and 36.58%, respectively in the leaves of cucumber, decreased malondialdehyde by 24.13% and reactive oxygen species contents (H2O2 by 35.17%, O2− by 12.01% and •OH by 16.59%), and reduced the relative permeability of the cell membrane by 14.31%. These findings suggest that EBR application enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, maintained the integrity of chloroplast and thylakoid structures, and effectively alleviated the damage of membrane caused by lipid peroxidation and root damage under autotoxicity stress conditions. The growth inhibition effect of autotoxicity stress on cucumber was reduced by EBR application.

Effect of plant growth regulators on leaf area, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, stomatal count and yield of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) var. Bhaskara

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Lakshmipathi, J. D. Adiga D. Kalaivanan and G.K. Halesh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Stomatal Number

<p>An experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous application of growth regulators at three important growth stages<br />(flushing, flowering and fruiting) on leaf area, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, stomatal count and yield of cashew var. Bhaskara.<br />Irrespective of growth stages, foliar application of GA3 @ 50 ppm and ethrel @ 50 ppm was found to be superior in all the<br />parameters and on par with each other compared to other growth regulators. Out of nine treatments of different growth regulators;<br />the highest leaf area was recorded in trees sprayed with GA3 @ 50 ppm and ethrel @ 50 ppm. At flushing stage, spraying with GA3<br />@ 50 ppm resulted in highest stomatal number (21.9) and carotenoids (0.41) whereas unsprayed (control) trees recorded least<br />stomatal number (11.6) and carotenoids (0.19). Thus, leaf area, chlorophyll content, carotenoids and stomatal count increased in<br />trees sprayed with growth regulators than unsprayed trees. Spraying of ethrel @ 50 ppm recorded highest nut yield<br />(14.3 kg tree-1) followed by NAA @ 25 ppm + GA3 50 ppm (12.9 kg tree-1). This study demonstrated the potential of ethrel as well<br />as GA3 in improving various biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’, carotenoids and leaf area in cashew<br />which are important determinants in increasing nut production.</p>

scholarly journals Growth Characteristics and Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer of Some Morphotypes of Jute Marlow (Corchorus olitorius Linn.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 612f-612
Author(s):  
M.J. Makinde ◽  
S.A. Ayanlaja
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Plant Growth Characteristics

Plant growth characteristics were observed for 12 morphotypes of Corchorus olitorius planted in the field. Two commonly used varieties in Nigeria were subjected to increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Extensive variations in measured leaf, stem, and root growth confirmed genetic diversity among morphotypes. Thus, fresh shoot harvest l00 kg N/ha at 3 kg/ha seed rate for the lanceolate was 17.44 t·ha–1, the serrate-type at the same seed rate required N at 200 kg·ha–1 to produce 18.19-ha harvest.

scholarly journals FOLIAGE APPLIED SILICON AMELIORATES DROUGHT STRESS THROUGH PHYSIO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS, OSMOPROTECTANTS AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM OF CAMELINA (Camelina sativa L.) GENOTYPES

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Zahoor Ahmad ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Warraich ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Iqbal ◽  
Celaleddin Barutçular ◽  
Hesham Alharby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Water Relation ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Silicon (Si) is one of the best plant defense elements against the biotic and abiotic stresses. Camelina plants accumulate Si which serves in protection against drought stress. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of different doses of foliage applied Si (0, 3, 6 and 9 mM) under water stress (40% field capacity, FC) and non-stress conditions (100% FC) on camelina genotypes (Canadian and Australian). The imposed drought drastically decreased the growth parameters like root-shoot length and plant fresh and dry weight and also had negative impact on the chlorophyll content along with water relation attributes (water potential, osmotic potential and turgor pressure). In contrast, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, proline and antioxidants such as ascorbic peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced especially in water stressed Canadian genotype, while osmoprotectants (flavonoids, anthocyanins and glycinebetaine) and phenolics contents were decreased. On the other hand, the foliar application of Si was instrumental in enhancing the growth of camelina by increasing the chlorophyll contents and water relation of stressed and non-stressed plants. Similarly, the biochemical, osmoprotectants and antioxidant metabolism was also improved in camelina stressed plants through the application of foliar Si. In conclusion, foliar application of 6 mM Si at vegetative growth stage played a vital role in alleviating the drastic impact of water stress on camelina growth by improving the water status, chlorophyll content, accumulation of phenolics and osmoprotectants and activating antioxidants. Therefore, the foliar application of Si could be developed as an important biologically viable strategy for boosting the tolerance in camelina plants to water stress conditions.

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