Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum inerme; Characterization, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities

Due to their versatile applications, gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by many approaches, including green processes using plant extracts for reducing metal ions. In this work, we propose to use plant extract with active biomedical components for NPs synthesis, aiming to obtain NPs inheriting the biomedical functions of the plants. By using leaves extract of Clerodendrum inerme (C. inerme) as both a reducing agent and a capping agent, we have synthesized gold (CI-Au) and silver (CI-Ag) NPs covered with biomedically active functional groups from C. inerme. The synthesized NPs were evaluated for different biological activities such as antibacterial and antimycotic against different pathogenic microbes (B. subtilis, S. aureus, Klebsiella, and E. coli) and (A. niger, T. harzianum, and A. flavus), respectively, using agar well diffusion assays. The antimicrobial propensity of NPs further assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) glutathione (GSH) and FTIR analysis. Biofilm inhibition activity was also carried out using colorimetric assays. The antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of CI-Au and CI-Ag NPs was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging and MTT assay, respectively. The CI-Au and CI-Ag NPs were demonstrated to have much better antioxidant in terms of %DPPH scavenging (75.85% ± 0.67% and 78.87% ± 0.19%), respectively. They exhibited excellent antibacterial, antimycotic, biofilm inhibition and cytotoxic performance against pathogenic microbes and MCF-7 cells compared to commercial Au and Ag NPs functionalized with dodecanethiol and PVP, respectively. The biocompatibility test further corroborated that CI-Ag and CI-Au NPs are more biocompatible at the concentration level of 1–50 µM. Hence, this work opens a new environmentally-friendly path for synthesizing nanomaterials inherited with enhanced and/or additional biomedical functionalities inherited from their herbal sources.

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Biological Activities of Carlina Oxide Isolated from the Roots of Carthamus caeruleus

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190117152740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 145-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Imane Rihab Mami ◽

Rania Belabbes ◽

Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽

Boufeldja Tabti ◽

Jean Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Natural Food ◽

Antioxidant Power

Background: Carthamus caeruleus belongs to the Asteraceae family. The roots are traditionally used as healing agents. They help to heal burns and treat skin diseases. They are also used against joint inflammation and are very effective against diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome for cancer patients. Objectives: The purpose of this work was i) to study the chemical composition of i) the essential oil and hydrosol extract of Carthamus caeruleus, ii) to isolate the major component of both extracts and iii) to evaluate their antioxidant, antifungal and insecticidal activities. Methods: The essential oil and hydrosol extract obtained from the roots were studied by GC and GC/MS. The antioxidant activities were performed using two different methods i) Radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and ii) the Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), using BHT as a positive control. Whereas, the antifungal activity of the essential oil and Carlina oxide was investigated against plant fungi. The fumigation toxicity of C. caeruleus essential oil besides Carlina oxide was evaluated against adults of Bactrocera oleae better known as the olive fly. Results: The essential oil and hydrosol extract were mainly represented by acetylenic compounds such as carline oxide and 13-methoxy carline oxide. Carlina oxide was isolated and identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic means. The results showed that Carlina oxide presented interesting antioxidant and antifungal properties, while C. caeruleus root essential oil had better insecticidal activity. Furthermore, Carlina oxide has demonstrated promising in vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum. Conclusion: Carlina oxide can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical fungicides to protect stored apple against Penicillium expansum.

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Chemical Constituents Isolated from Rhododendron ungernii with Antioxidant Profile

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315508666181024114812 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 238-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emine Dede ◽

Nusret Genc ◽

Mahfuz Elmastas ◽

Huseyin Aksit ◽

Ramazan Erenler

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

Scavenging Effect ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Background: Plant in Rhododendron genus that contains phenolic compounds has been used in traditional medicine and revealed considerable biological activities. Objective: Isolation and identification of antioxidant natural products from Rhododendron ungernii. Methods: Rhododendron ungernii Trautv. flowers were collected and dried in shade. The dried flowers were extracted with methanol for 3 days. The solvent was removed by reduced pressure to yield the extract which was subjected to column chromatography (Sephadex LH-20, C18 reversed phase column) to isolate catechin-7-O-glucoside (1), quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside (2), quercetin-3-O- β-xyloside (3), farrerol (4), myricetin (5), and quercetin (6). The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and LC-TOF/MS. DPPH scavenging effect, ABTS+ scavenging activity, and reducing power (FRAP) were performed for antioxidant assays of isolated natural compounds. Results: Isolated flavonoids displayed the outstanding antioxidant activities. Catechin-7-O-glucoside (1) and quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside (2) (IC50, 3.66 µg/mL) had the most DPPH• scavenging effect among the compounds. The highest ABTS•+ scavenging activity (IC50, 1.41 µg/mL) and reducing power effect (6.05 mmol TE/g comp) were observed for myricetin (5). Conclusion: R. ungernii extract and isolated compounds could be a promising antioxidant for food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Iris Species Growing in Iraqi Kurdistan and Phenolic Constituents of the Traditional Plant Iris postii

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 264

Author(s):

Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin ◽

Faiq H. S. Hussain ◽

Soran K. Najmaldin ◽

Zaw Min Thu ◽

Mohammed Farhad Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chromatographic Separations ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Traditional Remedies ◽

Phenolic Constituents ◽

Total Antioxidant

A dozen Iris species (Iridaceae) are considered traditional remedies in Kurdistan, especially for treating inflammations. Phytochemical studies are still scarce. The information reported in the literature about Iris species growing in Kurdistan has been summarized in the first part of this paper, although, except for Iris persica, investigations have been performed on vegetal samples collected in countries different from Kurdistan. In the second part of the work, we have investigated, for the first time, the contents of the methanolic extracts of Iris postii aerial parts and rhizomes that were collected in Kurdistan. Both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities, comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Medium-pressure liquid chromatographic separations of the two extracts afforded l-tryptophan, androsin, isovitexin, swertisin, and 2″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl swertisin from the aerial parts, whereas ε-viniferin, trans-resveratrol 3,4′-O-di-β-d-glucopyranoside, and isotectorigenin were isolated from the rhizomes. This is the first finding of the last three metabolites from an Iris species. The various remarkable biological activities of isolated compounds scientifically sustain the traditional use of I. postii as a medicinal plant.

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Synthesis and Biological Activities of Hydroxytyrosol Ester Derivatives

Journal of the chemical society of pakistan ◽

10.52568/000610 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 109-109

Author(s):

Hao Zang Hao Zang ◽

Qian Xu Qian Xu ◽

Luyun Zhang Luyun Zhang ◽

Guangqing Xia Guangqing Xia ◽

Jiaming Sun and Junyi Zhu Jiaming Sun and Junyi Zhu

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Better Than

A series of hydroxytyrosol (HT) derivatives were synthesized by modification of alcohol hydroxyl group of HT, twenty-five target compounds were obtained and characterized by NMR and HRMS. The antioxidant activities of those compounds were evaluated in three different assays. Except 3e and 3y, all other compounds demonstrated significant 2,2and#39;-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical cation scavenging activity ranging from IC50 3.4 to 24.4 μM, which were more potent than L-ascorbic acid (IC50=24.8 μM). Compounds 3b-3d, 3f-3k, 3m-3x were better than Trolox (18.3 M). Moreover, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of all compounds were discovered to be more potent than L-ascorbic acid (40.7 mmol/g), except 3e, all other compounds (141.5-202.1 mmol/g) were better than Trolox (94.7 mmol/g). Compounds 3a-3d, 3f-3j, 3l-3m, 3o, 3q, 3t, 3v-3y exhibited more potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50=245.1-475.1 M) than L-ascorbic acid (554.4 M) and Trolox (500.4 M). Compounds 3q, 3t and 3y exhibited more potent -Glucosidase inhibition activity (39.1-52.4 M) than Acarbose (60.9 M). Compounds 3a, 3d, 3f-3m, 3s-3t, 3v-3y showed some acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities, compounds 3a, 3d, 3f-3j, 3l-3m, 3o-3p, 3s-3t, 3w showed some butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities.

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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Slender Amaranth Weed

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582020380100006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. AKBAR ◽

I.N. SHERAZI ◽

M.S. IQBAL ◽

T. KHALIL ◽

H.M. WAQAS

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Root Extract

ABSTRACT: In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity] activities of a weed, slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) were investigated. Extracts of different plant parts were prepared in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity was measured by using 100 mg mL-1 concentration extracts against 4 deadly phytopathogenic bacterial species viz. Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, Ralstonia solanacearum Smith, Erwinia carotovora (Jones), Holland and Xanthomonas axonopodis Hasse. In antioxidants assays, 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 extracts were used keeping DPPH as control. In these bioassays, ethyl acetate fraction of A. viridis leaf exhibited the best antibacterial and antioxidants activity. Ethyl acetate leaf fraction showed the highest inhibition zone diameter (IZD) where it caused 21 mm IZD against P. syringae and 19 mm IZD against E. carotovora. This extract also showed 22, 52 and 84% antioxidant activity at 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 concentrations, respectively. Previously there is no report available that describes antibacterial activity of root extract of A. viridis against P. syringae. Moreover, antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate was investigated first time in the world. It was concluded that the biological activities observed during the present investigation may be due to the presence of bioactive constituents that can be harnessed as natural antibacterials and antioxidants.

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Searching for Natural Bioactive Compounds in Four Baccharis species from Bolivia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300415 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcelo Dávila ◽

Ingrid Loayza ◽

Daniel Lorenzo ◽

Eduardo Dellacassa

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Oil Composition ◽

E Coli ◽

Agar Diffusion ◽

Agar Diffusion Test ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

The volatile oil composition of four Baccharis species ( Baccharis papilosa, B. polycephala, B. buxifolia, and B. convawyi) growing wild in Bolivia were studied by GC and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was determined by the agar diffusion and bioautography methods. Solvent extracts, polar and non-polar, of the same species were also tested for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Extracts from B. polycephala, B. papilosa and B. convawyi presented significant antioxidant activity, determined using the DPPH radical scavenging method, showing EC50 values of 4.74, 7.17 and 7.97 μg/mL, respectively. Screening for antimicrobial activity was conducted using the agar diffusion test. The most active extracts (% inhibition ≥ 50) were further examined by the dilution method. All the plant extracts studied showed higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (Gram-positive) than against E. coli and P. fluorescens (Gram-negative).

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Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Substituted 1-[Benzothiazol-(1H)-2-yl]-3-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-ones

Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajomc.2019.ajomc-p181 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 144-146

Author(s):

C. Anuba ◽

T.F. Abbs Fen Reji

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Standard Solution ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Substituted 1 ◽

Mtt Assays

A series of ortho and para substituted 1-[benzothiazol-(1H)-2-yl]-3-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-one derivatives were synthesized from 2-acetyl benzothiazole and ortho and para-substituted benzaldehye using ethanol as solvent. The synthesized compounds were characterized by UV-visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activities of synthesized compounds have been evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity using ascorbic acid as standard. The standard solution and 1-[benzothiazol- (1H)-2-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones compounds were prepared with different concentrations. Anticancer activity of 1-[benzothiazol-(1H)-2-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one and 1-[benzothiazol-(1H)- 2-yl]-3(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one were assigned by MTT assays.

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Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Plant Extracts of Some Convolvulus Species and Their DART-ToF-MS Profiling

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/5694305 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Asma’a Al-Rifai ◽

Ahmad Aqel ◽

Tarfah Al-Warhi ◽

Saikh M. Wabaidur ◽

Zeid A. Al-Othman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Direct Analysis ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry

Convolvulus austroaegyptiacus Abdallah & Sa’ad (CA) and Convolvulus pilosellifolius Desr. (CP) are commonly used in the Saudi Arabia folk medicine. They are potent in treating the ulcers and skin diseases. The lack of information about their biological activities led us to investigate the possible biological activities by determination of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of total ethanolic extracts and various fractions. Total flavonoid contents of the plants were determined by colorimetric method while total phenols were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu method. In vitro antibacterial activity was studied against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis, and the total antioxidant capacity was evaluated by radical scavenging method. IC50 were found to be 21.81, 17.62, and 3.31 μg/mL for CA, CP, and vitamin C, respectively, while the lowest MIC value of 0.25 mg/mL was recorded with CP extract against B. subtilis. Around 21 compounds are tentatively elucidated from both plants using rapid, simple, and high-resolution analytical technique for chemical profiling of natural compounds by direct analysis in real-time of flight-mass spectrometry, of which 17 were not isolated or reported previously.

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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Derriobtusone A Isolated fromLonchocarpus obtusus

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/248656 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mayron Alves Vasconcelos ◽

Francisco Vassiliepe Sousa Arruda ◽

Daniel Barroso de Alencar ◽

Silvana Saker-Sampaio ◽

Maria Rose Jane Ribeiro Albuquerque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Test Results ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

E Coli ◽

Planktonic Growth ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

This study evaluated the effect of derriobtusone A, a flavonoid isolated fromLonchocarpus obtusus, on two important pathogenic bacteria,Staphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli, as well as its antioxidant activity and toxicity. Planktonic growth assays were performed, and the inhibition of biofilm formation was evaluated. In addition, antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferrous ion chelating assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, andβ-carotene bleaching assay. Toxicity was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality test. Results showed that derriobtusone A completely inhibited the planktonic growth ofS. aureusat 250 and 500 μg/mL; however, it did not have the same activity onE. coli. Derriobtusone A reduced the biomass and colony-forming unit (cfu) ofS. aureusbiofilm at concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/mL. In various concentrations, it reduced the biofilm biomass ofE. coli, and, in all concentrations, it weakly reduced the cfu. Derriobtusone A showed highly efficient antioxidant ability in scavenging DPPH radical and inhibitingβ-carotene oxidation. The compound showed no lethality toArtemiasp. nauplii. In conclusion, derriobtusone A may be an effective molecule againstS. aureusand its biofilm, as well as a potential antioxidant compound with no toxicity.

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Synthesis, in silico molecular docking analysis, pharmacokinetic properties and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of fluoroquinolines

BMC Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13065-022-00795-0 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mona Fekadu ◽

Digafie Zeleke ◽

Bayan Abdi ◽

Anuradha Guttula ◽

Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

In Silico ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Dna Gyrase ◽

Topoisomerase Iiα ◽

Docking Analysis ◽

E Coli ◽

In Silico Molecular Docking ◽

Molecular Docking Analysis

Abstract Background Quinolines have demonstrated various biological activities such as antimalarial, antibacterial and anticancer. Hence, compounds with such scaffold have been used as lead in drug development. This project is, therefore, aimed to synthesis and evaluates some biological activities of quinoline analogs. Methods 2-Chloro-7-fluoroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes were synthesized by the application of Vilsmeier–Haack reaction. The chlorine in the fluoroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde was replaced with various nucleophiles. The aldehyde functional group was also converted to carboxylic acid and imine groups using oxidizing agent and various amines, respectively. The structures of the compounds synthesized were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Disc diffusion and DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, respectively. The in silico molecular docking analysis of the synthesized compounds were done using AutoDock Vina against E. coli DNA Gyrase B and human topoisomerase IIα. The drug likeness properties were assessed using SwissADME and PreADMET. Results Nine novel quinoline derivatives were synthesized in good yields. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was beyond 9.3 mm inhibition zone (IZ). Compounds 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, and 16 exhibited activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pyogenes with IZ ranging from 7.3 ± 0.67 to 15.3 ± 0.33 mm at 200 μg/mL. Compound 9 displayed IZ against three of the bacterial strains except S. aureus. The IC50 for the radical scavenging activity of the synthesized compounds were from 5.31 to 16.71 μg/mL. The binding affinities of the synthesized compounds were from − 6.1 to − 7.2 kcal/mol against E. coli DNA gyrase B and − 6.8 to − 7.4 kcal/mol against human topoisomerase IIα. All of the synthesized compounds obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five without violation. Conclusion Compounds 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, and 16 displayed activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains indicating that these compounds might be used as broad spectrum bactericidal activity. Compound 8 (13.6 ± 0.22 mm) showed better IZ against P. aeruginosa compared with ciprofloxacin (10.0 ± 0.45 mm) demonstrating the potential of this compound as antibacterial agent against this strain. Compounds 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 showed comparable binding affinities in their in silico molecular docking analysis against E. coli DNA gyrase B. All of the synthesized compounds also obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five without violation which suggests these compounds as antibacterial agents for further study. Compounds 7 and 8 were proved to be a very potent radical scavenger with IC50 values of 5.31 and 5.41 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 5, 6, 8, 10 and 16 had comparable binding affinity against human topoisomerase IIα suggesting these compounds as a possible candidate for anticancer drugs.

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