scholarly journals Mitochondria and Antibiotics: For Good or for Evil?

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Juan M. Suárez-Rivero ◽  
Carmen J. Pastor-Maldonado ◽  
Suleva Povea-Cabello ◽  
Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba ◽  
Irene Villalón-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Mitochondrial Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mammalian Mitochondria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Advances ◽  
Related Mortality

The discovery and application of antibiotics in the common clinical practice has undeniably been one of the major medical advances in our times. Their use meant a drastic drop in infectious diseases-related mortality and contributed to prolonging human life expectancy worldwide. Nevertheless, antibiotics are considered by many a double-edged sword. Their extensive use in the past few years has given rise to a global problem: antibiotic resistance. This factor and the increasing evidence that a wide range of antibiotics can damage mammalian mitochondria, have driven a significant sector of the medical and scientific communities to advise against the use of antibiotics for purposes other to treating severe infections. Notwithstanding, a notorious number of recent studies support the use of these drugs to treat very diverse conditions, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative or mitochondrial diseases. In this context, there is great controversy on whether the risks associated to antibiotics outweigh their promising beneficial features. The aim of this review is to provide insight in the topic, purpose for which the most relevant findings regarding antibiotic therapies have been discussed.

scholarly journals Convalescent Plasma Therapy: a Possible Treatment of COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Shubha Devi Sapkota ◽  
Monika Sharma ◽  
Gehendra Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Infections

COVID 19 is a newly recognized infectious disease that has rapidly spread with no verified treatment available. It is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). In Convalescent plasma therapy, the yellowish liquid or the plasma from the recovered blood is used to treat the patient suffering from the same illness. For more than 100 years it has been used to treat severe infections with varying degrees of success. For this present infection, multiple clinical trials on plasma therapy are still under vigorous investigations. Despite the very low chance of risks like allergies, lung damage, and transmission of blood-related infection, the therapy has shown a positive result in the recovery of the patients. Many experts are observing its use as a “stopgap measure” until effective vaccines and antiviral drugs are available in a wide range. However, the main challenges faced are finding suitable donors, its expensiveness in the whole procedure, and inability to perform on a large scale. In this commentary, summarization of the convalescent plasma therapy is done as a hopeful alternative therapy of severe or critical COVID 19. It has also emphasized the promising results shown since the past while the use of this therapy in various infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Technopoïesis: Transmedia Mythologisation and the Unity of Knowedge

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asunción López-Varela Azcárate ◽  
Henry Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cultural Representation ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Strategic Narratives ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
The Common

It is difficult to explain why different disciplines are drawn to similar problems. Inter-relations are not always explainable by direct influence. It has been argued that any common ground derives from the fact that people share certain kinds of everyday experiences. Is ‘consilience’ or the unification of knowledge a utopia or a possibility, as William Whewell Edward Wilson would have it? This thematic issue of Icono14 explores the common premise underlying all human disciplines: the confirmation that technology has a direct impact upon sign production, distribution and reception and, thus, upon the entire system of human thought, cultural representation and cognition. The collection examines transmedial representations of technological advance by looking at their mythical shades of meanings as strategic narratives. As practical knowledge engaged in the creation and use of tools and machines as well as in the development of techniques and methods of organization that perform specific functions in making human life easier, the technologies of the past can shed some light on the future that emerging media can bring about for human groups.

scholarly journals Editorial

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. v-vi
Author(s):  
Basheer Nafi
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

The question of modernity in its societal, historical, and literary unfoldingsis the underlying theme of several articles presented in this issue ofAJISS. Following in the hadition of Marshall G. S. Hodgson, John ObertVoll ventures into the history of Islam as an integral part of world history.In his numerous studies, Voll has always viewed the Muslim world from aglobal perspective, a trait that is even more evident ih his “The MistakenIdenMication of ‘The West’ with ‘Modernity.”’ Voll’s article is based on aprofound understanding of the West in t m s of the fundamental changesthat have swept human life and society during the past two or three centuries.Modemity cannot be identified with the West, Voll argues, for theWest, as a repertoire of traditions, was a concept related to the existence ofcivilizations. But “civilization,” as conceived in most of the studies andanalyses of world history, is now a societal lifestyle of the past. It thereforefollows that the transfomtion of societies and lifestyles has transcendedthe classical West and created a new world situation in which relationsbetween Islam and the West are predicated on different bases. While it istrue that Islam’s repertoire of concepts and principles is more clearlyfocused than that of the West, it is also true that, in the context of the globalcosmopolitanism of our times, Islam and the West share a similar cultural,political, and social experience:Islam and the West are no longer simply two rival and clashingcivilizations or even two different modes of modernity. They arenow interactive partners, sometimes fighting and sometimes cooperating,involved in the co-constructed reality of the contemprary world.Volls’ view of a modem shared experience is supported by SurmshIrfani’s “New Discourses and Modernity in Postrevolutionary Iran.” For asociety that has been portrayed in the most denigrating t m s by the westernmedia, Irfani presents a powerfd human and creative image of contemporaryIran that touches upon a wide range of cultural revival: printmedia, film industry, literatute, and music. A common denominator of theworks cited in his article, which is based on extensive field research, is the“aftempt to go beyond the fite!rary level ofkfeqrem‘ on and extant meaning ...

Spherical multifocusing method for irregular topography

Geophysics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. V233-V243
Author(s):  
Dingyue Chang ◽  
Cai Zhang ◽  
Tianyue Hu ◽  
Dan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Reflection Surface ◽  
Static Corrections ◽  
The Common ◽  
Irregular Topography

Moveout correction for irregular topography has been a longstanding challenge in processing seismic exploration data. Irregular topography usually results in large moveout among traces, a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), and difficulty in modeling near-surface velocities. Conventional normal moveout (NMO) corrections and elevation static methods are imprecise and tend to introduce significant errors for large offsets. Over the past two decades, several multiparameter time corrections and stacking techniques to reduce noise and improve resolution have been proposed in place of the classic NMO and common-midpoint stack. These include the common-reflection-surface (CRS), common-offset CRS, nonhyperbolic CRS, implicit CRS, multifocusing (MF), irregular surface MF (IS-MF), spherical MF (SMF), and common-offset MF methods. Various CRS-type operators that consider the top-surface topography have been proposed. For MF-type operators, only IS-MF can be applied directly to the irregular topography with no elevation statics required. In this study, we have developed a new MF formulation, modifying the SMF method to consider nonzero elevations of sources and receivers and we corrected moveout of nonplanar data directly without prior elevation static corrections. The proposed extension combines the sensitivity to spherical reflectors of SMF with the applicability of the IS-MF method to irregular topography. We investigated the behavior of the new operator using a physical model data set and compared the results with those from the conventional IS-MF method. The results revealed that the new operator is more robust over a wide range of source and receiver elevations and has advantages on strongly curved interfaces. We also confirmed the potential of the proposed approach by comparing stacking results for a real-land data set with a low S/N.

scholarly journals Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Health and Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117864691769173 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B Ramsden ◽  
Rosemary H Waring ◽  
David J Barlow ◽  
Richard B Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolism ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
People Today

Over the past decade, the roles of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and its product 1-methyl nicotinamide have emerged from playing merely minor roles in phase 2 xenobiotic metabolism as actors in some of the most important scenes of human life. In this review, the structures of the gene, messenger RNA, and protein are discussed, together with the role of the enzyme in many of the common cancers that afflict people today.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Ordinary People; A Social Distancing Challenge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahim Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Adaptation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 has become a part of everyone's day-to-day life, since the outbreak in 2019 the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused more than 4.5 million deaths with over 200 million cases reported globally. Currently, the number of infections and deaths are gradually lowering in different countries however the underlying challenges still exist. COVID-19 threatens human life, social functioning and development. Although numerous studies have been carried out in the past to highlight the key challenges very limited studies have been conducted from an ordinary person's viewpoint. In the fight against COVID-19, humanity has been pushed to a level which cannot be accepted where establishing that balance is a priority. This study focuses on highlighting the common issues faced by the ordinary public in the current era. Five key areas were identified to be the most essential; education, technological adaptation, transportation, mental health and gender-based violence (GBV).

Optical Properties of HVEM Accelerators

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Behavior

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).

Pursuit of the Abscopal Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Paul B. Romesser ◽  
Christopher H. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Immunology ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tumor Irradiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tumor Recognition

AbstractEvasion of immune recognition is a hallmark of cancer that facilitates tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. Systemic immune activation can incite tumor recognition and stimulate potent antitumor responses. While the concept of antitumor immunity is not new, there is renewed interest in tumor immunology given the clinical success of immune modulators in a wide range of cancer subtypes over the past decade. One particularly interesting, yet exceedingly rare phenomenon, is the abscopal response, characterized by a potent systemic antitumor response following localized tumor irradiation presumably attributed to reactivation of antitumor immunity.

The Many Pasts of Detective Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Thomas Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Public History ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
The Many

Building on Tzvetan Todorov's observation that the detective novel ‘contains not one but two stories: the story of the crime and the story of the investigation’, this essay argues that detective novels display a remarkably wide range of attitudes toward the several pasts they represent: the pasts of the crime, the community, the criminal, the detective, and public history. It traces a series of defining shifts in these attitudes through the evolution of five distinct subgenres of detective fiction: exploits of a Great Detective like Sherlock Holmes, Golden Age whodunits that pose as intellectual puzzles to be solved, hardboiled stories that invoke a distant past that the present both breaks with and echoes, police procedurals that unfold in an indefinitely extended present, and historical mysteries that nostalgically fetishize the past. It concludes with a brief consideration of genre readers’ own ambivalent phenomenological investment in the past, present, and future each detective story projects.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

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