Oral Mucositis in Cancer and Potential Use of Omega-3 Free Fatty Acids in Its Management: A Review

Oral mucositis (OM) is a painful condition caused by chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic cancer treatments, occurring in patients with different tumour characteristics and locations. OM greatly impacts a patient’s quality of life and cancer recovery. Current OM management strategies are not providing sufficient prevention and treatment; new approaches to injury management are needed. Studies on the benefit of omega-3 free fatty acids (FFA) in human health have increased significantly in recent years. FFA properties have been studied extensively, including their potential therapeutic use in inflammatory conditions. However, omega-3 FFA’s use as a supplementary treatment for OM has not been clinically tested. Preliminary evidence suggests that utilising FFA to manage OM could be a useful strategy for lesion management, assisting with healthy oral mucosa recovery. This review will describe the incidence, risk factors, biology of OM and the current treatment strategies, leading to a discussion of the utility of omega-3 FFA as a novel therapeutic agent for OM.

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Evaluation of the Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Formulations in the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation Rat Model

10.1101/2021.11.23.469790 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chandrashekhar Kocherlakota ◽

Nagaraju Banda ◽

Arjun Narala ◽

Srinath Akula ◽

Kumar S.D. Kothapalli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Lung Inflammation ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Ethyl Esters ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Acute Lung Inflammation ◽

Severity Scores

Many current treatment options for lung inflammation and thrombosis come with unwanted side effects. The natural omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) are generally anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic. The O3FA are always administered orally and occasionally by intravenous (IV) infusion. The main goal of this study is to determine if O3FA administered by inhalation of a nebulized formulation mitigates LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in male Wistar rats. Inflammation was triggered by intraperitoneal injection of LPS once a day for 14 days. One hour later, rats received nebulized treatments consisting of egg lecithin emulsified O3, budesonide and Montelukast, and blends of O3 and melatonin or Montelukast or Cannabidiol; O3 was in the form of free fatty acids for all groups except one group with ethyl esters. Lung histology and cytokines were determined in n=3 rats per group at day 8 and day 15. All groups had alveolar histiocytosis severity scores half or less than that of the disease control (Cd) treated with LPS and saline only inhalation. IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 were attenuated in all O3 groups. IL-1β was attenuated in most but not all O3 groups. O3 administered as ethyl ester was overall most effective in mitigating LPS effects. No evidence of lipid pneumonia or other chronic distress was observed. These preclinical data suggest that O3FA formulations should be further investigated as treatments in lung inflammation and thrombosis related lung disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute respiratory distress like COVID-19.

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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Benefits and Endpoints in Sport

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11010046 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Maria Gammone ◽

Graziano Riccioni ◽

Gaspare Parrinello ◽

Nicolantonio D’Orazio

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Metabolic Response ◽

Muscle Metabolism ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

And Performance

The influence of nutrition has the potential to substantially affect physical function and body metabolism. Particular attention has been focused on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), which can be found both in terrestrial features and in the marine world. They are responsible for numerous cellular functions, such as signaling, cell membrane fluidity, and structural maintenance. They also regulate the nervous system, blood pressure, hematic clotting, glucose tolerance, and inflammatory processes, which may be useful in all inflammatory conditions. Animal models and cell-based models show that n-3 PUFAs can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. Furthermore, recent human studies demonstrate that they can influence not only the exercise and the metabolic response of skeletal muscle, but also the functional response for a period of exercise training. In addition, their potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity may provide health benefits and performance improvement especially in those who practice physical activity, due to their increased reactive oxygen production. This review highlights the importance of n-3 PUFAs in our diet, which focuses on their potential healthy effects in sport.

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Omega-3 free fatty acids attenuate insulin-promoted breast cancer cell proliferation

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/j.nutres.2017.04.008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yang Guo ◽

Sheng-long Zhu ◽

Yi-kuan Wu ◽

Zhao He ◽

Yong-quan Chen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Breast Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation

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Ethnicity-specific alterations of plasma and hepatic lipidomic profiles are related to high NAFLD rate and severity in Hispanic Americans, a pilot study.

10.1101/2021.04.08.21254907 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tagreed A Mazi ◽

Kamil Borkowski ◽

John W. Newman ◽

Oliver Fiehn ◽

Christopher L. Bowlus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Hispanic Americans ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Primary Metabolism ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Metabolic Dysregulation ◽

Triglyceride Content ◽

Related Compounds

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive condition that includes steatosis (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the U.S., Hispanics (HIS) are afflicted with NAFLD at a higher rate and severity compared to other ethnicities. To date, the mechanisms underlying this disparity have not been elucidated. In this pilot study, we compared untargeted plasma metabolomic profiles for primary metabolism, complex lipids, choline and related compounds between a group of HIS (n =7) and White Caucasian (CAU, n =8) subjects with obesity and biopsy-characterized NAFL to ethnicity-matched lean healthy controls (n =14 HIS and 8 CAU). We also compared liver and plasma metabolomic profiles in a group of HIS and CAU subjects with obesity and NASH of comparable NAFLD Activity Scores, to BMI-matched NASH-free subjects in both ethnicities. Results highlight signs of metabolic dysregulation observed in HIS, independent of obesity, including higher plasma triglycerides, acylcarnitines, and free fatty acids. With NASH progression, there were ethnicity-related differences in the hepatic profile, including higher free fatty acids and lysophospholipids seen in HIS, suggesting lipotoxicity is involved in the progression of NASH. We also observed greater hepatic triglyceride content, higher plasma triglyceride concentrations and lower hepatic phospholipids with signs of impaired hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation. These findings provide preliminary evidence indicating ethnicity-related variations that could potentially modulate the risk for progression of NALD to NASH.

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