scholarly journals Ethnicity-specific alterations of plasma and hepatic lipidomic profiles are related to high NAFLD rate and severity in Hispanic Americans, a pilot study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tagreed A Mazi ◽  
Kamil Borkowski ◽  
John W. Newman ◽  
Oliver Fiehn ◽  
Christopher L. Bowlus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Related Compounds

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive condition that includes steatosis (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the U.S., Hispanics (HIS) are afflicted with NAFLD at a higher rate and severity compared to other ethnicities. To date, the mechanisms underlying this disparity have not been elucidated. In this pilot study, we compared untargeted plasma metabolomic profiles for primary metabolism, complex lipids, choline and related compounds between a group of HIS (n =7) and White Caucasian (CAU, n =8) subjects with obesity and biopsy-characterized NAFL to ethnicity-matched lean healthy controls (n =14 HIS and 8 CAU). We also compared liver and plasma metabolomic profiles in a group of HIS and CAU subjects with obesity and NASH of comparable NAFLD Activity Scores, to BMI-matched NASH-free subjects in both ethnicities. Results highlight signs of metabolic dysregulation observed in HIS, independent of obesity, including higher plasma triglycerides, acylcarnitines, and free fatty acids. With NASH progression, there were ethnicity-related differences in the hepatic profile, including higher free fatty acids and lysophospholipids seen in HIS, suggesting lipotoxicity is involved in the progression of NASH. We also observed greater hepatic triglyceride content, higher plasma triglyceride concentrations and lower hepatic phospholipids with signs of impaired hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation. These findings provide preliminary evidence indicating ethnicity-related variations that could potentially modulate the risk for progression of NALD to NASH.

Đường ngọt: thừa cân, béo phì và đái tháo đường

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bá Thoại Trần
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Sugary carbohydrates in foods are sweet-tasted carbohydrates of mono or disacchride, most commonly is saccharose (sucrose). This is a disaccharide consisting of two molecules of glucose and fructose.While glucose is completely metabolized in all body cells to produce energy, fructose is metabolized differently in the liver causing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and free fatty acids in the blood …. and causing many complications. Key words: Sugary carbohydrate, diabetes, overweight, obesity

Splanchnic Balance of Free Fatty Acids, Endocannabinoids, and Lipids in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1961-1971.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Westerbacka ◽  
Anna Kotronen ◽  
Barbara A. Fielding ◽  
John Wahren ◽  
Leanne Hodson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Myristica fragrans Houtt. Extracts Against Obesity and Inflammation by Regulating Free Fatty Acids Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyu Zhao ◽  
Fanfen Song ◽  
Diangeng Hu ◽  
Haiqin Chen ◽  
Qixiao Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder characterized by the excess accumulation of fat in the hepatocytes. It is commonly associated with severe obesity and inflammation. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are the key to regulate lipid metabolism and immune response in hepatocyte cells. This study examined the effects of AEN (alcohol extract of nutmeg, the seed of Myristica fragrans Houtt.) on the inhibition of lipid synthesis and inflammation in vitro and in vivo and on high-fat diet-induced obesity in NAFLD mice. Our results showed that AEN treatment could downregulate the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and lower the lipid content of cells. AEN also inhibited FFAs-mediated inflammation-related cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression in cells. In a mouse model, AEN reduced the bodyweight of obese mice and improved NAFLD without affecting food intake. Further analysis revealed that AEN significantly reduced inflammation level, cholesterol and lipid accumulation, blood glucose, and other liver function indexes in mice fed with a high-fat diet. In conclusion, AEN inhibited the aggravation of obesity and inflammation by downregulating lipid-gene expression in the liver to ameliorate NAFLD.

Abstract P436: The Role of Free Fatty Acids in Patients With Obesity and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Post-hoc Analysis of the UFA-preserved Pilot Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Billingsley ◽  
Justin M Canada ◽  
ROSHANAK MARKLEY ◽  
Brando Rotelli ◽  
Dinesh Kadariya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background: Increased circulating free fatty acids (FFA) are associated with an increased risk for heart failure (HF). Interestingly, in the setting of established HF, the failing heart relies heavily on the use of FFA as energetic substrate, and therapeutics aimed at reducing FFA in HF have been found to worsen cardiac performance. A dietary intervention aimed at increasing unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) was associated with favorable changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with obesity and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the UFA-Preserved Pilot Study, although the mechanism remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that dietary UFA supplementation is associated with an increase in circulating FFA and may improve determinants of CRF such as cardiac function and body composition. Methods: Eight subjects with obesity and HFpEF engaged in 12 weeks of UFA supplementation by increasing intake of foods rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (i.e., oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (i.e., α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid) under instruction and monitoring of a research dietitian. Measures were performed at baseline and 12 weeks. Subjects underwent venipuncture to measure circulating FFA, plasma biomarkers of UFA consumption, and NT-proBNP.. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed to measure CRF defined as peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 ). Data are presented as median and interquartile range. Within group changes were assessed using Wilcoxon rank test and correlations were performed using Spearman rank test. Results: Five subjects were female and median age was 53 [50-59] years. The dietary intervention resulted in a significant increase in FFA (from 0.29 [0.20-0.43] to 0.37 [0.32-0.73] μmol/L, p=0.012) and plasmatic UFA (from 1319 [1224-1477] to 1620 [1268-2110] μg/mL, p=0.05). Changes in FFA were positively associated with changes in plasmatic UFA (R=+0.74, p=0.035). Changes in FFA were associated with a trend toward improvement in peak VO 2 , although it did not reach statistical significance (R=+0.72, p=0.068). Changes in FFA were also positively and significantly associated with an increase in SMM expressed in kg (R=+0.99, p<0.001) and % of body weight (R=+0.90, p=0.006) and inversely associated with changes in NT-proBNP (R=-0.85, p=0.007). Conclusion: In patients with obesity and HFpEF, dietary UFA supplementation increases FFA, which are associated with favorable changes in cardiac function and body composition. This supports a novel mechanism through which UFA may positively affect CRF. Ongoing randomized controlled trials (NCT03966755) are underway investigating UFA supplementation as a therapeutic strategy to improve CRF in obesity and HFpEF.

Effects of life-long exercise on circulating free fatty acids and muscle triglyceride content in ageing rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1333-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Novelli ◽  
Alessandro Pocai ◽  
Monika Skalicky ◽  
Andrus Viidik ◽  
Ettore Bergamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Muscle Triglyceride

scholarly journals Oral Mucositis in Cancer and Potential Use of Omega-3 Free Fatty Acids in Its Management: A Review

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Roberta Cardim Lessa ◽  
Fabio de Abreu Alves ◽  
Erika Fortunati ◽  
Jun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions

Oral mucositis (OM) is a painful condition caused by chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic cancer treatments, occurring in patients with different tumour characteristics and locations. OM greatly impacts a patient’s quality of life and cancer recovery. Current OM management strategies are not providing sufficient prevention and treatment; new approaches to injury management are needed. Studies on the benefit of omega-3 free fatty acids (FFA) in human health have increased significantly in recent years. FFA properties have been studied extensively, including their potential therapeutic use in inflammatory conditions. However, omega-3 FFA’s use as a supplementary treatment for OM has not been clinically tested. Preliminary evidence suggests that utilising FFA to manage OM could be a useful strategy for lesion management, assisting with healthy oral mucosa recovery. This review will describe the incidence, risk factors, biology of OM and the current treatment strategies, leading to a discussion of the utility of omega-3 FFA as a novel therapeutic agent for OM.

scholarly journals Western diet triggers Toll-like receptor 4 signaling-induced endothelial dysfunction in female Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. H1735-H1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kramer ◽  
Lucas Martins França ◽  
Youhua Zhang ◽  
Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes ◽  
A. Martin Gerdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Tlr4 Signaling ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Overconsumption of a diet rich in fat and carbohydrates, called the Western diet, is a major contributor to the global epidemic of cardiovascular disease. Despite previously documented cardiovascular protection exhibited in female rats, this safeguard may be lost under certain metabolic stressors. We hypothesized that female Wistar rats challenged by a Western diet composed of 21% fat and 50% carbohydrate (34.1% sucrose) for 17 wk would develop endothelial dysfunction via endothelial Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Western diet-fed female rats exhibited dysregulation of metabolism, revealing increased body weight and abdominal fat, decreased expression of adiponectin in white adipose tissue, glucose intolerance, and impaired insulin sensitivity. Western diet exposure increased hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol alongside hepatic steatosis, categorizing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, a Western diet negatively affected vascular function, revealing hypertension, impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, aortic remodeling, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Aortic protein expression of TLR4 and its downstream proteins were markedly increased in the Western diet-fed group in association with elevated serum levels of free fatty acids. In vitro experiments were conducted to test whether free fatty acids contribute to vascular ROS overproduction via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Cultured endothelial cells were stimulated with palmitate in the presence of TAK-242, a TLR4 signaling inhibitor. Palmitate-induced overgeneration of ROS in endothelial cells was abolished in the presence of TAK-242. Our data show that a Western diet induced endothelial dysfunction in female rats and suggest that endothelial TLR4 signaling may play a key role in abolishing female cardiovascular protection. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A Western diet induced elevated levels of free fatty acids, produced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and provoked endothelial dysfunction in female rats in association with Toll-like receptor 4 signaling-mediated vascular reactive oxygen species production. Limited consumption of a Western diet in premenopausal women may decrease their risk of cardiovascular complications.

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