scholarly journals Relation of Serum Plasmalogens and APOE Genotype to Cognition and Dementia in Older Persons in a Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goodenowe ◽  
Senanayake
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

Using a community sample of 1205 elderly persons, we investigated the associations and potential interactions between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and serum phosphatidylethanolamine (PlsEtn) on cognition and dementia. For each person, APOE genotype, PlsEtn Biosynthesis value (PBV, the combination of three key PlsEtn species), cognition (the combination of five specific cognitive domains), and diagnosis of dementia was determined. APOE genotype and PBV were observed to be non-interacting (p > 0.05) and independently associated with cognition: APOE (relative to ε3ε3:ε2ε3 (Coef = 0·14, p = 4.2 × 10−2); ε3ε4/ε4ε4 (Coef = −0.22, p = 6.2 × 10−5); PBV (Coef = 0.12, p = 1.7 × 10−7) and dementia: APOE (relative to ε3ε3:ε2ε3 (Odds Ratio OR = 0.44, p = 3.0 × 10−2); ε3ε4/ε4ε4 (OR = 2.1, p = 2.2 × 10−4)); PBV (OR = 0.61, p = 3.3 × 10−6). Associations are expressed per standard deviation (SD) and adjusted for serum lipids and demographics. Due to the independent and non-interacting nature of the APOE and PBV associations, the prevalence of dementia in APOE ε3ε4/ε4ε4 persons with high PBV values (>1 SD from mean) was observed to be the same as APOE ε3ε3 persons (14.3% versus 14.0%). Similarly, the prevalence of dementia in APOE ε3ε3 persons with high PBV values was only 5.7% versus 6.7% for APOE ε2ε3 persons. The results of these analyses indicate that the net effect of APOE genotype on cognition and the prevalence of dementia is dependent upon the plasmalogen status of the person.

scholarly journals Profile of lifestyle of older elderly persons

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilza Amaral Henrique de Souza ◽  
Elias Ferreira Porto ◽  
Eduardo Luiz de Souza ◽  
Kathleen Ingrid da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Questionnaire ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nutrition Component

Abstract Introduction: Lifestyle has been widely studied in recent years, especially in the context of longevity and aging well. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the lifestyle profile of older elderly persons and the relationship between lifestyle and chronic diseases. Method: A cross-sectional study evaluating 132 older persons aged over 74.6 years, who were resident of the Capão Redondo district of São Paulo, was carried out. The study was conducted in 23 institutions such as churches, community centers, parks, nursing homes and residences. All participants completed two questionnaires, with the first based on lifestyle and the second on socio-economic classification, and also answered some questions about the presence and control of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Result: the mean age was 78.8(±4.5) years and the respondents had a mean BMI of 25.5(±5.5). Most were women from social classes C and D. A total of 46 were former smokers, seven were smokers, and 82 had NCDs, with heart diseases the most prevalent. The mean lifestyle questionnaire score was 30.2(±3.5). There was no statistical difference in scores between those with NCDs and those that did not suffer from such diseases. The physical activity component had the lowest score, followed by the nutrition component. The prevalence of NCDs was significantly higher for smokers and former smokers than for those who had never smoked. Conclusion: The majority of older persons demonstrated an excellent lifestyle with healthy habits. Even those with a diagnosed NCD had a good lifestyle. Cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent in this population. The risk of NCD was greater for smokers and former smokers than for those who had never smoked.

Social inequality in parent–infant relations: Epidemiological study of community nurse records

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482098313
Author(s):  
Bjørn E. Holstein ◽  
Sofie Weber Pant ◽  
Janni Ammitzbøll ◽  
Trine Pagh Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Home Visits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background: Some studies suggest that favourable socioeconomic circumstances are associated with better parent–child relations but the documentation of such an association is limited and inconsistent. Few studies focused on infancy, few studies relied on objective measurement of parent–infant relations, and few studies included more than one measurement of parent–infant relations in the first year of life. Aims: To report the prevalence of objectively measured problems in parent–infant relations during the first year of life and to examine the association between socioeconomic circumstances and parent–infant relations in an unselected community sample of infants. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a community sample of children from birth to 10 months in 15 municipalities in Denmark, n = 11,765. The exposure variables were population register data about socioeconomic circumstances: (a) parents’ education, (b) family composition, (c) parents’ origin, and (d) parents’ occupational status. The outcome variable was the health visitor’s concerns about the parent–infant relation assessed at four home visits from birth to 10 months after delivery. Results: The proportion of children with concerns about the parent–infant relation was 10.5%, 7.8% at one home visit and 2.8% at two or more home visits. Logistic regression analyses showed that all four indicators of socioeconomic circumstances were associated with concerns about the parent–infant relation in the first year of life. Conclusions: The risk of problematic parent–infant relations were significantly elevated among, children of immigrant parents, and children of parents with shorter education and not in education or work.

The Relationship between Dental Findings and Tongue Pressure: A Survey of 745 Community-Dwelling Adults and Elderly Persons in Japan

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kensuke Tashiro ◽  
Sakiko Soutome ◽  
Madoka Funahara ◽  
Yumiko Kawashita ◽  
Masayasu Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Reduced tongue pressure is one of the causes of dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental findings and tongue pressure, and whether prosthetic treatment prevents reduced tongue pressure. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were 745 community-dwelling adults and elderly persons in the Goto Islands in Nagasaki, who underwent a health checkup for residents in 2015 and 2016. Data were collected on gender; age; grip strength; hemoglobin; Creatinine (Cr); glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); history of stroke; smoking, drinking, exercise, and walking habits; number of teeth; wearing of removable dentures; functional units of natural teeth (n-FTUs), fixed prostheses (nif-FTUs), and removable dentures (t-FTUs); and tongue pressure. The associations between each variable and tongue pressure were examined using multiple regression analysis. Next, those with 3 or fewer n-FTUs were selected, and differences in tongue pressure were compared between those with 3 or fewer nif-FTUs and those with 4 or more nif-FTUs, using a propensity score matching method. Results: Male gender, weak grip strength, low HbA1c, no drinking, and a low number of teeth were independent factors significantly associated with lower tongue pressure. Among participants with 3 or fewer n-FTUs, the 43 with 4 or more nif-FTUs showed significantly higher tongue pressure than the 43 with 3 or fewer nif-FTUs after propensity score matching, although the number of t-FTUs was not associated with tongue pressure. Discussion/Conclusion: Tooth loss was significantly associated with lower tongue pressure. It was suggested that fixed prosthesis treatment might prevent the reduction of tongue pressure, but removable dentures did not have such an effect.

Tideline and Turn: Possible Reasons for the Continuing Low HIV Prevalence among Glasgow's Injecting Drug Users

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bloor ◽  
Martin Frischer ◽  
Avril Taylor ◽  
Robert Covell ◽  
David Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Early Report ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Injectors ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Low Prevalence

This is an early report of data from an on-going, repeated, cross-sectional study of a community sample of Glasgow injecting drug users. Although HIV was first detected among Glasgow's drug injectors in 1985, data from the first two years of our annual samples (1990 and 1991) indicate that HIV prevalence continues to be low in this population, in the order of 1 or 2 per cent. Possible reasons for this apparent continuing low prevalence are examined. It is suggested that substantial risk reduction – reductions in injection equipment-sharing, reductions in numbers of sharing partners and restrictions in social circles of sharing partners – may have been sufficient reasons, in conjunction with limited contributions to near-stabilisation from the disproportionate attrition of the numerator population through death and cessation of injecting.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with polypharmacy among elderly persons resident in the community

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Araujo de Almeida ◽  
Annelita Almeida Oliveira Reiners ◽  
Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza Azevedo ◽  
Ageo Mário Cândido da Silva ◽  
Joana Darc Chaves Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Objective: to verify the prevalence of and factors associated with polypharmacy among elderly residents of the city of Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso. Method: a cross-sectional study of 573 people aged 60 and over was performed. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medications. To investigate the association between polypharmacy and sociodemographic variables, health and access to medication, the Mantel Haenszel chi square test was used in bivariate analysis and Poisson regression was used in multivariate analysis. The significance level adopted was 5%. Result: the prevalence of polypharmacy was 10.30%. Statistically significant associations were found between polypharmacy and living with others, describing suffering from circulatory, endocrine, nutritional and digestive tract diseases, and referring to financial difficulties for the purchase of medicines. Conclusion: some social and health condition factors play an important role in the use of multiple medications among the elderly.

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety in a community sample with epilepsy in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2b) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Stefanello ◽  
L Marín-Léon ◽  
P T Fernandes ◽  
L M Li ◽  
N J Botega
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of depression/anxiety and to establish the social, epilepsy and psychiatric characteristics in individuals with epilepsy. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was employed to evaluate 153 subjects with epilepsy who were identified in a previous community-based survey. First, a structured interview was conducted, followed by a psychiatric evaluation. Subjects with depression were compared to those without, and subjects with anxiety were compared to those without. RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 39.4 and 24.4%, respectively. Both were associated with low schooling (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 9.0 and OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.5 for depression and anxiety, respectively), lifetime suicidal thoughts (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.9 to 10.3 and OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.7 to 7.7) and lifetime suicide attempts (OR 9.3, 95% CI 2.6 to 32.8 and OR 6.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 26.4). CONCLUSION: The high rates of depression and anxiety reinforced the need for recognition and treatment of mental disorders in epilepsy.

scholarly journals Threats to Health and Well-Being Perceived by Older People in Poland and Portugal

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria da Piedade Moreira Brandão ◽  
Laura Martins ◽  
Marlena Szewczyczak ◽  
Dorota Talarska ◽  
Ian Philp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Health And Well Being

Introduction: According to the OECD, Portugal and Poland rank below average in several well-being measures such as income and wealth, and health status. Investigating how people perceive the threats to health in these two countries, is an important issue to address priority needs. To meet this need, the objective of this paper was to compare the perceptions of the threats to the health and well-being among the Polish and Portuguese older persons and explore differences between the countries in respect of patterns of self-rated health.Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study with two convenience samples from primary health care services of Poland and Portugal was conducted; 480 adults aged 65 and over (247 Portuguese) were included. The EASYCare standard assessment of 2010 was applied under a joint project of both countries. The association between ‘self-rated unhealthy’ and socio-demographic and threats to health variables was examined using logistic regression.Results: In both countries about two thirds of the older persons self-rated their health as unhealthy. Having more than enough finances was associated with a significant lower odds of being unhealthy compared with those without enough finances at the end of the month (Portugal: OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.63; Poland: OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.88). Visual problems, bodily pain, memory loss, feeling bored or lonely and reporting shortness of breath during normal activities was consistently associated with fair or poor self-rated health.Discussion: These findings provide important information regarding the health profile of older people which can help in the development of people-centred health systems where their lives and well-being can be improved. Conclusion: The unhealthy perception of older people was consistently associated with indicators of major health threats.

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