scholarly journals Architectural Evaluation of 3D-Printed Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Rodrigo García-Alvarado ◽  
Ginnia Moroni-Orellana ◽  
Pablo Banda-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Robotic Arms ◽  
Technological Adaptation ◽  
Architectural Evaluation ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Architectural Characteristics

3D-printed constructions express the capacity of automated technologies to elaborate buildings through additive manufacturing. These constructions require an architectural design according to their manufacturing conditions. This research reviews buildings that have been executed with these technologies in order to determine architectural characteristics. From an Internet search, a register was compiled of 112 cases of 3D-printed constructions around the globe. They include some 10,000 m2 of built surface area and were mainly erected in the last five years. The review shows that cases were built by approximately thirty executors, mostly entrepreneurs’ companies who have made different buildings as single-family dwellings constructed with gantries or robotic arms, either on-site or in factories. Most of the components printed are walls, with single or double filaments with interior voids. In some cases, they integrate reinforcements and openings. The geometry of the 3D-printed constructions varies between orthogonal layouts that replicate existing buildings and spherical shapes that reflect printing capabilities. Many of the cases are a combination of these characteristics, mixing a technological adaptation to existing architecture and new operative conditions. This review reveals the emerging development of this construction system with the progressive consolidation of some architectural attributes.

scholarly journals Efficient Path Planning of Secondary Additive Manufacturing Operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Keimargeo McQueen ◽  
Sara Darensbourg ◽  
Carl Moore ◽  
Tarik Dickens ◽  
Clement Allen
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Path Planning ◽  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Robotic Arms ◽  
Optimal Path Planning ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Path Planner

We have designed a path planner for an additive manufacturing (AM) prototype that consists of two robotic arms which collaborate on a single part. Theoretically, with two nozzle equipped arms, a part can be 3D printed twice as fast. Moreover, equipping the second robot with a machining tool enables the completion of secondary operations like hole reaming or surface milling before the printing is finished. With two arms in the part space care must be taken to ensure that the arms collaborate intelligently; in particular, tasks must be planned so that the robots do not collide. This paper discusses the development of a robot path planner to efficiently print segments with two arms, while maintaining a safe distance between them. A solution to the travelling salesman problem, an optimal path planning problem, was used to successfully determine the robots path plans while a simple nozzle-to-nozzle distance calculation was added to represent avoiding robot-to-robot collisions. As a result, in simulation, the average part completion time was reduced by 45% over the single nozzle case. Importantly, the algorithm can theoretically be run on n-robots, so time reduction possibilities are large.

AM-Serienproduktion für die Automobilindustrie/AM series production for the automotive industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 752-757
Author(s):  
Lukas Weiser ◽  
Marco Batschkowski ◽  
Niclas Eschner ◽  
Benjamin Häfner ◽  
Ingo Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Series Production ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Additive Fertigung ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Start Up ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Component Quality

Die additive Fertigung schafft neue Gestaltungsfreiheiten. Im Rahmen des Prototypenbaus und der Kleinserienproduktion kann das Verfahren des selektiven Laserschmelzens genutzt werden. Die Verwendung in der Serienproduktion ist bisher aufgrund unzureichender Bauteilqualität, langen Anlaufzeiten sowie mangelnder Automatisierung nicht im wirtschaftlichen Rahmen möglich. Das Projekt „ReAddi“ möchte eine erste prototypische Serienfertigung entwickeln, mit der additiv gefertigte Bauteile für die Automobilindustrie wirtschaftlich produziert werden können. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers new freedom of design. The selective laser-powderbed fusion (L-PBF) process can be used for prototyping and small series production. So far, it has not been economical to use it on a production scale due to insufficient component quality, long start-up times and a lack of automation. The project ReAddi aims to develop a first prototype series production to cost-effectively manufacture 3D-printed components for the automotive industry.

Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Electroosmotic Pumps

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wu ◽  
Stephen Beirne ◽  
Joan-Marc Cabot Canyelles ◽  
Brett Paull ◽  
Gordon G. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Electroosmotic Pump ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumps

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) offers a flexible approach for the production of bespoke microfluidic structures such as the electroosmotic pump. Here a readily accessible fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing...

scholarly journals 3D Printed Masks for Powders and Viruses Safety Protection Using Food Grade Polymers: Empirical Tests

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Ruben Foresti ◽  
Benedetta Ghezzi ◽  
Matteo Vettori ◽  
Lorenzo Bergonzi ◽  
Silvia Attolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Biological Safety ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Safety Protection ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

The production of 3D printed safety protection devices (SPD) requires particular attention to the material selection and to the evaluation of mechanical resistance, biological safety and surface roughness related to the accumulation of bacteria and viruses. We explored the possibility to adopt additive manufacturing technologies for the production of respirator masks, responding to the sudden demand of SPDs caused by the emergency scenario of the pandemic spread of SARS-COV-2. In this study, we developed different prototypes of masks, exclusively applying basic additive manufacturing technologies like fused deposition modeling (FDM) and droplet-based precision extrusion deposition (db-PED) to common food packaging materials. We analyzed the resulting mechanical characteristics, biological safety (cell adhesion and viability), surface roughness and resistance to dissolution, before and after the cleaning and disinfection phases. We showed that masks 3D printed with home-grade printing equipment have similar performances compared to the industrial-grade ones, and furthermore we obtained a perfect face fit by customizing their shape. Finally, we developed novel approaches to the additive manufacturing post-processing phases essential to assure human safety in the production of 3D printed custom medical devices.

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing of Sensors for Military Monitoring Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
David T. Bird ◽  
Nuggehalli M. Ravindra
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Sensor Fabrication ◽  
The Us ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Maximum Protection ◽  
The Many

The US Department of Defense (DoD) realizes the many uses of additive manufacturing (AM) as it has become a common fabrication technique for an extensive range of engineering components in several industrial sectors. 3D Printed (3DP) sensor technology offers high-performance features as a way to track individual warfighters on the battlefield, offering protection from threats such as weaponized toxins, bacteria or virus, with real-time monitoring of physiological events, advanced diagnostics, and connected feedback. Maximum protection of the warfighter gives a distinct advantage over adversaries by providing an enhanced awareness of situational threats on the battle field. There is a need to further explore aspects of AM such as higher printing resolution and efficiency, with faster print times and higher performance, sensitivity and optimized fabrication to ensure that soldiers are more safe and lethal to win our nation’s wars and come home safely. A review and comparison of various 3DP techniques for sensor fabrication is presented.

scholarly journals Gold, Silver, and Electrum Electroless Plating on Additively Manufactured Laser Powder-Bed Fusion AlSi10Mg Parts: A Review

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Dana Ashkenazi ◽  
Alexandra Inberg ◽  
Yosi Shacham-Diamand ◽  
Adin Stern
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing (AM) revolutionary technologies open new opportunities and challenges. They allow low-cost manufacturing of parts with complex geometries and short time-to-market of products that can be exclusively customized. Additive manufactured parts often need post-printing surface modification. This study aims to review novel environmental-friendly surface finishing process of 3D-printed AlSi10Mg parts by electroless deposition of gold, silver, and gold–silver alloy (e.g., electrum) and to propose a full process methodology suitable for effective metallization. This deposition technique is simple and low cost method, allowing the metallization of both conductive and insulating materials. The AlSi10Mg parts were produced by the additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion (AM-LPBF) process. Gold, silver, and their alloys were chosen as coatings due to their esthetic appearance, good corrosion resistance, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. The metals were deposited on 3D-printed disk-shaped specimens at 80 and 90 °C using a dedicated surface activation method where special functionalization of the printed AlSi10Mg was performed to assure a uniform catalytic surface yielding a good adhesion of the deposited metal to the substrate. Various methods were used to examine the coating quality, including light microscopy, optical profilometry, XRD, X-ray fluorescence, SEM–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), focused ion beam (FIB)-SEM, and XPS analyses. The results indicate that the developed coatings yield satisfactory quality, and the suggested surface finishing process can be used for many AM products and applications.

scholarly journals Soldering of Electronics Components on 3D-Printed Conductive Substrates

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3850
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Podsiadły ◽  
Andrzej Skalski ◽  
Marcin Słoma
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Structural Electronics ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Composite Substrates

Rapid development of additive manufacturing and new composites materials with unique properties are promising tools for fabricating structural electronics. However, according to the typical maximum resolution of additive manufacturing methods, there is no possibility to fabricate all electrical components with these techniques. One way to produce complex structural electronic circuits is to merge 3D-printed elements with standard electronic components. Here, different soldering and surface preparation methods before soldering are tested to find the optimal method for soldering typical electronic components on conductive, 3D-printed, composite substrates. To determine the optimal soldering condition, the contact angles of solder joints fabricated in different conditions were measured. Additionally, the mechanical strength of the joints was measured using the shear force test. The research shows a possibility of fabricating strong, conductive solder joints on composites substrates prepared by additive manufacturing. The results show that mechanical cleaning and using additional flux on the composite substrates are necessary to obtain high-quality solder joints. The most repeatable joints with the highest shear strength values were obtained using reflow soldering together with low-temperature SnBiAg solder alloy. A fabricated demonstrator is a sample of the successful merging of 3D-printed structural electronics with standard electronic components.

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