scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Two Test Setups on Straw Bales Used as Load-Bearing Elements of Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Petr Lehner ◽  
Marie Horňáková ◽  
Pavel Vlček ◽  
Jiří Teslík
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Statistical Investigation ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
The Real ◽  
Basic Series ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Straw Bale ◽  
Testing Design

The importance of green and sustainable materials in civil engineering is undeniable. Alongside modern practices that improve the properties of standard building materials, there are ways to revive forgotten techniques, including straw bale buildings. Straw bales are load-bearing structures, which are applied based on handed-down experience and lack standard approaches in testing, design, and application. Therefore, a goal ahead is to describe every aspect of the process in technical detail. The objective of this paper is to highlight practical ideas for testing straw bales on a hydraulic press machine and to provide a basic statistical investigation of the results obtained. Two basic series were prepared, one without a side barrier and the other with a side barrier. The reason for this was to delineate the limits of the real behaviour of the straw bale on the load bearing wall of the house. Due to the assumed slight embedment of adjacent bales, the real result were within these limits. The experimental plan, basic results, simplified correlations, and statistical evaluation are presented. Recommendations for a further testing and evaluation are provided. As expected, the results with and without the lateral barrier differ by almost 18% for the true strain.

Research and Design on Load Bearing Wall with Green Energy-Saving Straw Bale

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Zhu Cao ◽  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Wen Feng Duan ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Mo Wen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
New Countryside ◽  
Straw Bale ◽  
Research And Design ◽  
Main Construction

The situation of the traditional house in Chinese rural areas was introduced with analyzing the residential structure, building materials and energy efficiency. According to the characters of different crops growing in countryside, we proposed the idea of using straw bale as the main construction material for load bearing wall in rural house. The tenon jointing and hardening bearing wall and the pre-stressed bearing wall with high density straw bale are designed. The constructional details of straw bale wall are provided also. It provides a new method for the construction of new countryside.

scholarly journals A concrete prefabricated slab as a technology for reconstructing damaged, local air-field pavements

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (12) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wesołowski ◽  
Bartosz Świerzewski
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
The Real ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Fast Reconstruction

The age of currently operated concrete airfield pavements in Poland exceeds 30 years opera-tion period many times. Such a long working life of airfield pavements forced to search for the efficient and fast technologies of their reconstruction. The article described in detail the technologies of fast reconstruction of airfield concrete slabs using prefabricated slabs. The addressed technology guarantees the reconstruction and even the improvement of the condi-tion of load-bearing capacity of mentioned airfield slabs which was confirmed during labora-tory tests, field tests and practically verified in the real operation in the International Airport Kraków-Balice.

STRENGTHENING SUPPORTING COLUMNS WITH CARBON CONCRETE

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
K. HOLSCHEMACHER ◽  
◽  
A.G. BULGAKOV ◽  
W. POLIENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Technical School ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject

Textile concrete is an innovative composite material that has been the subject of intensive research since the beginning of the 90s of the last century. After the approval of the rules and regulations on its application to strengthen floor slabs, an important step was taken towards its entry into the building materials market. Questions regarding the reinforcement of rod-shaped load-bearing elements of building structures need additional research. Despite the great potential available, the method of tying load-bearing supports and columns is still not well understood. There is a need for research on a wide range of geometric parameters and the reinforcement systems used. The Institute of Reinforced Concrete of the Higher Technical School in Leipzig tested various samples of carbon-reinforced samples in a wide range of geometrical parameters. Their goal was to assess the effect on a possible increase in the bearing capacity of carbon-reinforced columns at a concentrated point load.

Hygro-Thermal Behaviour of Timber Frame Straw Bale Construction as an Energy Efficient Building Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bernard ◽  
Azra Korjenic
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Passive Houses ◽  
Straw Bale

Due to an increasing request for ecological building constructions, in particular straw bale buildings, a research in this regard has been performed at the Vienna University of Technology. Straw bale construction is a new rediscovered building technology, which is an alternative to conventional construction technologies. The aim of this study is caring out of hygro-thermal simulation of a straw bale wall construction to design as efficiently as possible straw bale house. The choose of other construction elements for a thermal analysis (appropriate wall, roof and a base plate construction), was based on an extensive literature researche. For the examination of the building a timber frame construction has been selected. The straw bales in this construction were plastered inside with clay plaster and externally with a combination of lime and clay plaster. The roof structure was designed as a green roof and insulated with straw bales. The base plate was also insulated with straw bales. To check the thermal behavior of the structures described above were thermal bridges calculated using a FEM program. The hygrothermal behavior was calculated with HAM4D building physic software, developed on the department for Buildings Physics and Sound Protection on Vienna University of Technology. Ecological and economic evaluation of straw bale construction was carried out with reference to the data from the literature. The performed thermal (with COMSOL) and the first hygrothermal calculations (with HAM4D Software) have demonstrated a very favorable performance of the proposed building components. The achieved low U-values ​​of the components allow the construction of passive houses. The use of self-build-service in the construction process can reduce construction costs significantly. The use of ecological materials such as: straw, clay and wood allows a low cost recycling of building materials.

scholarly journals Sustainable Material Awareness, Belief and Readiness in Housing Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Kim Dung Thi Vu ◽  
Bao Ngoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Sustainable Building Materials

The construction industry is one of the industries accounting for a large proportion of Vietnam's overall GDP. It is also one of the least sustainable industries with extensive use of non-renewable resources. A study on the current situation of occupational awareness of sustainable building materials, identifying factors that prevent the diffusion of sustainable building materials is critical. The present study raised the theoretical basis of using sustainable building materials for the construction industry. Questionnaire data from 130 valid responses were used to carry out statistical analysis and make interpretation of results. The results indicate no significant difference between the two groups of respondents in awareness, belief, and readiness towards sustainable materials. The awareness and readiness levels are higher among construction practitioners who have experience. The present findings might suggest several courses of action to solve the problem of sustainable materials being overlooked. Our research suggests that it is essential for policymakers to encourage stakeholders to consider sustainability more seriously. The research findings have profound managerial implications that experienced practitioners might significantly impact the decision-making process in the realm of sustainable orientation. Future work should concentrate on integrating sustainable building materials into innovative and transformative practices in the construction industry. Keywords: sustainable materials; awareness; belief; readiness; Vietnam; construction industry

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTION COST AND THE GROWTH IN SUPPLY OF REAL ESTATE HOUSING IN KENYA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Samuel Mungai Ngugi ◽  
Dr. Lucy Wamugo
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Interest Rate ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to establish the effects of construction cost on the growth in supply of real estate housing in Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was 78 registered real estate companies in Kenya. The sample size was therefore 39 registered real estate companies in Kenya. Primary data was collected through the administration of the questionnairesResults: The study found that finance cost, cost of building materials, cost of land and tax cost have a statistical and negative influence on the growth of supply of real estate housing. The study also concludes that increase in growth of real estate market despite the high interest rate could owe to the price inelastic demand for housing owing to economic disparity in the country. While low income earners, who are majority, are pushed away to less glossy and crowded homes where survival supersedes luxury, the upper middle income purchase of housing units is on the upward spiral.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that the government should lower interest expenses so as to encourage the increase in supply of affordable real estate housing. The bank should also lower their interest rates so that the real estate firms can be able to increase the supply of housing. The study also recommends that investors should consider investing in the real estate market despite the erratic interest rates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Building Materials Based on Sustainable Development Indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Mona Baglou ◽  
Parviz Ghoddousi ◽  
Mohsen Saeedi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
The Impact

Construction industry regarded as one of the key aspects of achieving the goals of sustainable development in communities. In this regard, the choice of building materials is one of the key challenges in order to improve project performance with respect to sustainable development indicators and the use of sustainable materials, is an effective step towards achieving sustainable construction. This research uses information and evidence, interview and questionnaire prepared (by five points Likert scale method). Also, it has provided expert opinions related indicators widely used in a construction materials, manufacturing process and defining the impact of the production of these materials on sustainable development deals. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were also performed (with Cronbach's alpha method). As a result of this research, Cement was identified as the most unsustainable material, after that Steel and then Brick and Glass were located with a wide margin. So Light concrete block, Gypsum, Stone, Lime, and Concrete were identified as the most sustainable materials according to existing indicators respectively. The consequences of this study can help the project executors in order to promote the use of sustainable building materials in construction and also industries will be aware of the impact of the sustainability indicators on their products.

Fashion in interwar France: The urban vision of Elsa Schiaparelli

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marylaura Papalas
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Real ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Feminine Beauty ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Interwar France ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

Elsa Schiaparelli’s avant-garde designs and her collaborative efforts with surrealist artists are the subject of most analyses of her work, which focus on themes of glamour, gender and the construction of a modern feminine beauty. Yet a number of lesser-known creations from the 1920s and 1930s, equally experimental in nature, reveal other progressive themes in the Italian-born designer’s oeuvre. References to the city in a number of her pieces, for example, provide a commentary on the important relationship between fashion, women and their urban environments. This article examines designs like the skyscraper silhouette, plastic accessories and new synthetic fabrics, echoing contemporary building materials, alongside the changing landscape of interwar Paris. Comparing the imagined city suggested in Schiaparelli’s sartorial creations with the real metropolis where these garments were worn, this study reveals fashion’s potential to express women’s desires for an improved urban reality.

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