Hygro-Thermal Behaviour of Timber Frame Straw Bale Construction as an Energy Efficient Building Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bernard ◽  
Azra Korjenic
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Passive Houses ◽  
Straw Bale

Due to an increasing request for ecological building constructions, in particular straw bale buildings, a research in this regard has been performed at the Vienna University of Technology. Straw bale construction is a new rediscovered building technology, which is an alternative to conventional construction technologies. The aim of this study is caring out of hygro-thermal simulation of a straw bale wall construction to design as efficiently as possible straw bale house. The choose of other construction elements for a thermal analysis (appropriate wall, roof and a base plate construction), was based on an extensive literature researche. For the examination of the building a timber frame construction has been selected. The straw bales in this construction were plastered inside with clay plaster and externally with a combination of lime and clay plaster. The roof structure was designed as a green roof and insulated with straw bales. The base plate was also insulated with straw bales. To check the thermal behavior of the structures described above were thermal bridges calculated using a FEM program. The hygrothermal behavior was calculated with HAM4D building physic software, developed on the department for Buildings Physics and Sound Protection on Vienna University of Technology. Ecological and economic evaluation of straw bale construction was carried out with reference to the data from the literature. The performed thermal (with COMSOL) and the first hygrothermal calculations (with HAM4D Software) have demonstrated a very favorable performance of the proposed building components. The achieved low U-values ​​of the components allow the construction of passive houses. The use of self-build-service in the construction process can reduce construction costs significantly. The use of ecological materials such as: straw, clay and wood allows a low cost recycling of building materials.

scholarly journals The use of building technology to support disaster resilience: the case study of air shelter house

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
Cristina Pusceddu ◽  
George Blumberg ◽  
Graziano Salvalai ◽  
Marco Imperadori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Strong Candidate

Purpose This paper aims to report on a study to investigate the feasibility of thermal reflective multi-layer system (TRMS) as support for disaster resilience. Design/methodology/approach It is an innovative insulation system, developed from space engineering studies, is lightweight and is characterised by a thermal conductivity of 0.038 W/mK, making it a strong candidate for inexpensive shelter after disaster design. Findings One of the results of this study is a proposal for the air shelter house, a new concept design of a shelter based on TRMS. Originality/value The combined use of TRMS with the low cost of building materials and a 3D printer system for the construction joints provides a good compromise between building cost and energy efficiency performance. Such an innovative design supports disaster resilience during response, reconstruction and mitigation phases, and it is suitable for a wide variety of cultural and environmental situations where energy efficiency is important.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Digital Models of Objects of Cultural Heritage Obtained by the “3D SLS” and “SfM” Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5321
Author(s):  
Marcin Barszcz ◽  
Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽  
Magdalena Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk ◽  
Anna Sałamacha
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
3D Digitisation

In the era of the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, 3D digitisation of selected museum artefacts is becoming more and more frequent practice, but the vast majority is performed by specialised teams. The paper presents the results of comparative studies of 3D digital models of the same museum artefacts from the Silk Road area generated by two completely different technologies: Structure from Motion (SfM)—a method belonging to the so-called low-cost technologies—and by Structured-light 3D Scanning (3D SLS). Moreover, procedural differences in data acquisition and their processing to generate three-dimensional models are presented. Models built using a point cloud were created from data collected in the Afrasiyab museum in Samarkand (Uzbekistan) during “The 1st Scientific Expedition of the Lublin University of Technology to Central Asia” in 2017. Photos for creating 3D models in SfM technology were taken during a virtual expedition carried out under the “3D Digital Silk Road” program in 2021. The obtained results show that the quality of the 3D models generated with SfM differs from the models from the technology (3D SLS), but they may be placed in the galleries of the vitrual museum. The obtained models from SfM do not have information about their size, which means that they are not fully suitable for archiving purposes of cultural heritage, unlike the models from SLS.

INFLUENCE OF LOW-COST BUILDING MATERIALS ON HOUSING PROJECT IN REDUCTION OF HOUSING DEFICIT IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Kamau Maina ◽  
Dr. Samson Nyang’au Paul
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Primary Data

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the influence of low cost building materials on reduction of housing deficit in Nairobi County, Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted four theories: open innovations theory, the value theory, transformational leadership theory, and institutional theory. Methodologically, the study adopted a descriptive research design, while the population of this study was all the real estate firms registered by Kenya Property Developers Association (KPDA). Census technique was employed to collect data from all 69 real estate firms using questionnaires. Questionnaires were applied to collect primary data, where the researcher trained research assistants to aid the data collection procedure. A pilot-test was conducted as an approach to establishing both the reliability and validity assessments of the questionnaire. Statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) was used to undertake both descriptive and inferential statistical computations.Results: The findings of the study established that the use of technology enhances the capability and capacity of construction firms to use an array of building materials. The study found that use of modern technology defined skilled labour because most organizations are leveraging technology as a basis of realizing competitive advantage. It also established that real estate firms utilize competent based human resource management firms to hire qualified personnel. In addition, it was evident that personality traits influenced adoption of new technology in the construction of low cost housing, whereas knowledge and attitudes, and skills were significantly attributed to adoption of new technology.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: In light of the research findings, the study recommends that organizations should leverage modern technology as a basis of realizing efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of projects. The study likewise recommends that organizations should build capacities to enhance labour productivity. In addition, the study recommends that organizations should adopt transformational leadership approaches as a basis of enhancing performance. The study recommends the need to revise the legal framework with a view to ensure that it reflects the changing needs of the project requirements.

Interfacial interactions between urea formaldehyde and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) of varying chemical composition and their impact on particle boards manufacture (PBs)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Iglesias ◽  
Philip S. McMichael ◽  
Osei A. Asafu-Adjaye ◽  
Brian K. Via ◽  
Maria S. Peresin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Interfacial Interactions

Abstract Wood-based panels are commonly used as building materials for interior and exterior purposes. Their production and utilization have increased over the past decades due to the useful properties they present. Adhesive-bonded products make up to 80% of the wood alternatives on the global market, and of that, urea-formaldehyde (UF) makes up approximately 81% of the resins used. Formaldehyde-based resins are used due to their effectiveness and low cost, as well as their ease of application and lack of color. Nevertheless, their main disadvantages are the lack of tackiness and the emission of formaldehyde over time. To improve UF performance, the utilization of microfibrillated cellulose, has been demonstrated to be effective. However, more understanding on the mechanisms of the interactions is of relevant importance. In this work, we studied interfacial interactions between UF with bleached (BCNF) and unbleached (LCNF) cellulose nanofibrils using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technique observing the superior performance of lignin-containing CNF. Additionally, the surface free energies were investigated using Contact Angle Measurements (CA) showing a decrease of the values mainly when utilizing LCNF, which was later correlated with the wettability properties of the particle boards (PBs). PBs with different adhesive/CNF formulations were produced showing larger improvements when adding LCNF in terms of modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and internal bonding (IB). To gain a better understanding on the interactions between CNF and UF, CNF was fully characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition, charge density, as well as thermal and colloidal stability.

Point-of-entry adsorbers for the removal of fumigants

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120
Author(s):  
Roberto M. Narbaitz ◽  
Frances Z. Parsons ◽  
Tsong-Yih Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Adsorption Data

Point-of-entry systems with granular activated carbon filters have been used extensively to provide safe water to rural homes with wells contaminated with synthetic organic chemicals. Because of the low cost of these systems, their design is generally based on the equilibrium column model, the isotherm data from the literature, and a scale-up factor. This paper analyzes the necessary scale-up factors for point-of-entry adsorbers based on fumigant adsorption data gathered through an extensive literature review. The fumigants evaluated are 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, and ethylene dibromide. It was impossible to thoroughly assess the scale-up factors for 1,2-dichloropropane because of the limited data. Column data for the other two fumigants were sufficient to generate column loading lines, which can be used directly without resorting to scale-up factors. Column data showed that the scale-up factors are greatly affected by competitive adsorption with the naturally occurring background organic matter and by preloading of these organic matter. As these phenomena are not well understood, it is presently impossible to accurately predict the appropriate scale-up factors. A recommended design approach is outlined. Key words: adsorption, activated carbon, fumigants, point-of-entry.

scholarly journals Preface

2021 ◽  
Vol 2125 (1) ◽  
pp. 011001
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Committee Member ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Main Research ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
The Impact

We are glad to introduce you that the 2021 4th International Conference on Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application (MEMA 2021) was successfully held on October 29-31, 2021. In light of worldwide travel restriction and the impact of COVID-19, MEMA 2021 was carried out in the form of virtual conference to avoid personnel gatherings. Because most participants were still highly enthusiastic about participating in this conference, we chose to carry out MEMA 2021 via online platform according to the original schedule instead of postponing it. MEMA 2021 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application and related areas. We were greatly honored to invited Prof. Kun Li, from Chongqing University, China and Assoc. Prof. Wei Wei, from Xi’an University of Technology, China as our Conference Chairmen. This scientific event brings together more than 100 national and international researchers in mechanical, electrical and material application. During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. We were pleased to invite four distinguished experts to present their insightful speeches. Our first keynote speaker, Prof. Shahid Hussain, Jiangsu University, China. His research interests include MOS-MOF-MXene Nanomaterials, Gas-Sensors, Electrochemical Supercapacitors, Li-S batteries. And then we had Prof. Jie Huang, from Southwest University, China. His research includes RF/Microwave circuits and sensors. Prof. Qiyan Xu, Anhui University of Technology, China. His main research directions are: New process and technology of low cost steel making, Direct reduction and melting reduction, Development of new metallurgical technology - comprehensive utilization of waste resources. Lastly, we were glad to invite Prof. Kun Li, Chongqing University, China. He mainly engaged in additive manufacturing, intelligent 3D net forming, high performance materials and phase transformation, material computing and other research. In the last part of the conference, all participants were invited to join in a WeChat group to discuss and explore the academic issues after the presentations. The online discussion was lasted for about 30-60 minutes. We are glad to share with you that we still received lots of submissions from the conference during this special period. Hence, we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. These papers feature following topics but are not limited to: Mechanical Dynamics and its Applications, Material Physics, Electrical and Electronic Systems and other related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard. Lastly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chairman, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from the proceedings. We are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year. The Committee of MEMA 2021 List of Committee member is available in this pdf.

scholarly journals Thin Vaulted Tile Structure as a Sustainable Slab

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Core ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Concrete Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Materials

The concept of sustainability for roof structure becomes most effective because slab consumes the highest amount of cement and steel in the building. This increases carbon footprint, which is a measure of the impact caused by the utilization of natural resources, eventually affecting the earth, and it becomes a subject of higher cost also. The objective of the paper is to find a safe, economical and sustainable roofing structure suitable for suburban and rural settlements. The literature survey carried out deeply and the potential is observed in tile vaulted structures. The core reasons behind adopting a vaulted structure are, it avoids using steel and concrete materials in construction, utilizes local labour, and low-cost local materials for construction. This predominantly becomes the primary factor in deciding the construction of an economical roofing structure for multiple dwelling units in rural and suburban settlements to provide a safe, sustainable and maintenance-free roofing system using tile vaulted structure.

scholarly journals Bouwen aan jezelf door te bouwen voor een ander. Een architecturale analyse van de graven uit de noordelijke begraafplaats van Ayios Vasilios

Paleo-aktueel ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Youp van den Beld
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Architectural Energetics ◽  
Architectural Unit

Building on yourself to build for another: An architectural analysis of the graves from the North Cemetery of Ayios Vasilios. For this paper I have systematically examined the construction process of the tombs from the North Cemetery of Ayios Vasilios (Laconia, Greece) using a method called architectural energetics. This method of analysis translates an architectural unit into labour costs. The calculated workhours have been combined with a precedence diagram in order to closely examine the level of human interaction, rather than to just compare labour costs. The study concludes that the transportation of the building materials that were used for the tombs was the most labour-intensive task. It also concludes that the materials that came from farthest away seem to have played the biggest role in the creation of meaning in the funerary rituals. Furthermore, two distinct strategies of construction were identified, one that focussed on scale, using low-cost materials that would have been locally available, and one that focussed on elaboration, using high-cost materials that must have come from elsewhere. The high-cost materials are theorized to have been involved in the creation of social networks among groups.

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