scholarly journals Seismic Resistance of Timber Frames with Mud and Stone Infill Walls in a Chinese Traditional Village Dwelling

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Yinlan Shen ◽  
Xingchen Yan ◽  
Piyong Yu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Guofang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Transverse Wall ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Infill Walls ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Ductility Ratio

Traditional Chinese wood residences consist of timber frames with masonry infill walls or other types of infill, representing valuable heritage. A field investigation of traditional village dwellings in northern China consisting of timber frames with mud and stone infill walls was conducted. Their construction characteristics are reported, and static cyclic tests were performed on two full-size wood-stone hybrid walls with different configurations (exterior transverse wall and internal transverse wall) and no openings (doors or windows). Their failure mechanics and seismic capacity, i.e., the strength, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation, were investigated. The results are compared with a previous experimental study of two full-size timber frames with the same traditional structure but no infill to determine the effect of the mud and stone infill on the lateral resistance. The experimental results indicate that the stone infill has a critical influence on the lateral performance of traditional village buildings, resulting in a high lateral stiffness, high strength (>20 kN), and a high ductility ratio (>10). An increase in the vertical load leads to an increase in the lateral resistance of the timber frame with infill walls, larger for the internal transverse wall than the external gable wall. The incompatibility of the deformation between the timber frame and stone infill is the main failure reason, resulting in falling stones and collapse with undamaged timber frames. Suggestions are provided for the protection and repair of traditional wood residences in northern China.

Full-Size Pressure Vessel Testing and Its Application to Design

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Kooistra ◽  
E. A. Lange ◽  
A. G. Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Full Advantage ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Design Stress

The results of full-size pressure vessel tests are summarized and used to demonstrate the validity of design procedures developed by others. In particular, design for low cycle (plastic) fatigue strength and fracture safety are investigated. The results justify the design stress recommendations made by PVRC to ASME and confirm the NRL fracture analysis diagram procedure hypothesis. It is emphasized that full advantage can be taken of high strength materials only by improvement of fabrication and inspection procedures.

Effect of cracking localization on the structural ductility of normal strength and high strength reinforced concrete beams with steel fibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham N Dancygier ◽  
Yuri S Karinski
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Transition Point ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Flexural Ductility ◽  
Ductility Ratio ◽  
The Impact

This article presents a study of cracking localization in normal and high strength concrete beams that include steel fibers and the influence of this localization on their structural ductility. It is shown that for a given fiber type and content, as the reinforcement ratio ρ decreases, the cracking localization level increases. The effect of ρ on the level of cracking localization is more pronounced for low amounts of conventional reinforcement. This range of conventional reinforcement ratio is typical of slabs and especially for the commonly thicker protective slabs. Examination of the effect of the reinforcement ratio on the flexural ductility shows that there exists a transition point below which the ductility ratio decreases with  ρ. This transition point is well above the minimum reinforcement ratio, which is required in design codes for plain reinforced concrete elements. Empirical analysis of the relation between cracking localization and ductility ratio shows that up to the same transition point, as cracking localization increases, the flexural ductility decreases. Findings of this study show that the positive effect of adding fibers on enhancing the impact resistance of slabs and beams is conflicted by their negative influence on reducing the structural ductility for low reinforcement ratios, which are typical of protective slabs.

Comparison Analysis of Typical Buildings in North-South Seismic Belt

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 1639-1643
Author(s):  
Jie Ping Liu ◽  
Ning Guo ◽  
Ling Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Seismic Belt ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
The North ◽  
Frame Buildings ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure

In North-south earthquake belt, half of more than Ms 8.0 great earthquakes were centralized since the history records were existed in our country. In order to study the typical buildings in this seismic belt, the seismic damages of the typical buildings occurred during 22 earthquakes in North-south earthquake belt, whose earthquake magnitude were more than Ms 6.0, were organized and analyzed. The seismic damage and its matrix of kinds of buildings belonging to the North-south earthquake belt in different intensities were obtained. The statistic results were obtained by comparison and analysis. According to the results of analysis, the seismic capacity of kinds of typical buildings in this region was provided: reinforced concrete frame structure showed fine seismic capability in all previous earthquake whose seismic damage was the slightest in the real statistics results; secondly were those of masonry and mortised timber frame buildings; the seismic damage of buildings, which was combined with timber frame and soil, stone, brick walls was the most serious.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> uptake coefficient and production yield of ClNO<sub>2</sub> in polluted northern China: roles of aerosol water content and chemical composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 13155-13171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Jun Tham ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Qinyi Li ◽  
Weihao Wang ◽  
Xinfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Uptake Coefficient ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Haze Pollution

Abstract. Heterogeneous uptake of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) and production of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) are important nocturnal atmospheric processes that have significant implications for the production of secondary pollutants. However, the understanding of N2O5 uptake processes and ClNO2 production remains limited, especially in China. This study presents a field investigation of the N2O5 heterogeneous uptake coefficient (γ(N2O5)) and ClNO2 production yield (ϕ) in a polluted area of northern China during the summer of 2014. The N2O5 uptake coefficient and ClNO2 yield were estimated by using the simultaneously measured ClNO2 and total nitrate in 10 selected cases, which have concurrent increases in the ClNO2 and nitrate concentrations and relatively stable environmental conditions. The determined γ(N2O5) and ϕ values varied greatly, with an average of 0.022 for γ(N2O5) (±0.012, standard deviation) and 0.34 for ϕ (±0.28, standard deviation). The variations in γ(N2O5) could not be fully explained by the previously derived parameterizations of N2O5 uptake that consider nitrate, chloride, and the organic coating. Heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 was found to have a strong positive dependence on the relative humidity and aerosol water content. This result suggests that the heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 in Wangdu is governed mainly by the amount of water in the aerosol, and is strongly water limited, which is different from most of the field observations in the US and Europe. The ClNO2 yield estimated from the parameterization was also overestimated comparing to that derived from the observation. The observation-derived ϕ showed a decreasing trend with an increasing ratio of acetonitrile to carbon monoxide, an indicator of biomass burning emissions, which suggests a possible suppressive effect on the production yield of ClNO2 in the plumes influenced by biomass burning in this region. The findings of this study illustrate the need to improve our understanding and to parameterize the key factors for γ(N2O5) and ϕ to accurately assess photochemical and haze pollution.

Analysis of Aseismic Mechanism of Wooden Architecture of Ancient Chinese

2014 ◽  
Vol 889-890 ◽  
pp. 1417-1420
Author(s):  
Zhao Ru Guo ◽  
Zi Feng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Good Design ◽  
Wooden Frame

The concept of ancient tiled structure is the basic condition of our traditional building with good seismic performance ; wooden frame structure with rigid and flexible dual characteristics is lightweight, high strength ductile frame structure , this architecture is to tenon use leading technologies to form a series of structural wood architecture seismic important technical defense to tenon technology form the basis for the brackets is a key component parts of ancient buildings earthquake disaster . In addition , bases and roofs of ancient buildings of good design is important to form an auxiliary seismic capacity .

Experimental Studies on Seismic Performance of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Columns

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 919-926
Author(s):  
Wen Xing Yang ◽  
Qing Xuan Shi ◽  
Hui Xiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Axial Compression Ratio ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Strength Concrete Columns

This paper summarized an experimental study on seismic behavior of high strength steel reinforced high strength concrete columns under horizontal cyclic loading. Influencing factors of 14 columns included axial compression ratio, shape of hoops, shear span ratio, stirrup ratio, strength of concrete and stirrups, etc. Influence of seismic capacity and performance of columns by these factors were involved in. It indicates that high-strength stirrups could improve seismic capability of member availability.

A new field investigation on the lateral and longitudinal resistance of ballasted track

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
pp. 2138-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Morteza Esmaeili ◽  
Fatemeh Khatibi
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Test Track ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Longitudinal Stiffness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ballasted Track ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
Longitudinal Resistance

Track buckling is a complicated phenomenon that is caused by a wide range of parameters including the nature of track loading and the lateral and longitudinal resistance of a track. In this paper, the results of a field study on a test track in the Aprin railway station (in the southwest region of Tehran city) are presented to investigate the lateral and longitudinal resistance of the ballasted track. The lateral resistance of the track is measured by using both the single tie (sleeper) push test and the sleeper lateral pull test, and the results of the two methods are found to be compatible. The contributions of the ballast shoulder, crib, and the base part in the total lateral resistance are obtained for the loose and compacted ballast conditions, which showed good consistency with the presented data of literature. The longitudinal resistance is measured by using an innovative setup prepared on the test track. The measured longitudinal stiffness per sleeper is approximately twice of what was measured in the previous studies on track panels. The measured longitudinal stiffness during the unloading process is found to be 40% of the loading stiffness.

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