scholarly journals Cancers after Chornobyl: From Epidemiology to Molecular Quantification

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitry Bazyka ◽  
Natalya Gudzenko ◽  
Iryna Dyagil ◽  
Iryna Ilienko ◽  
David Belyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Histone H2ax ◽  
Frequent Mutations ◽  
Cleanup Workers ◽  
Radiation Medicine ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Incidence ◽  
Torch Infections

An overview and new data are presented from cancer studies of the most exposed groups of the population after the Chornobyl accident, performed at the National Research Center for Radiation Medicine (NRCRM). Incidence rates of solid cancers were analyzed for the 1990–2016 period in cleanup workers, evacuees, and the general population from the contaminated areas. In male cleanup workers, the significant increase in rates was demonstrated for cancers in total, leukemia, lymphoma, and thyroid cancer, as well as breast cancer rates were increased in females. Significantly elevated thyroid cancer incidence was identified in the male cleanup workers cohort (150,813) in 1986–2012 with an overall standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 3.35 (95% CI: 2.91–3.80). A slight decrease in incidence rates was registered starting at 25 years after exposure. In total, 32 of 57 deaths in a group of cleanup workers with confirmed acute radiation syndrome (ARS) or not confirmed ARS (ARS NC) were due to blood malignancies or cancer. Molecular studies in cohort members included gene expression and polymorphism, FISH, relative telomere length, immunophenotype, micronuclei test, histone H2AX, and TORCH infections. Analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases from the cohort showed more frequent mutations in telomere maintenance pathway genes as compared with unexposed CLL patients.

scholarly journals Nativity and papillary thyroid cancer incidence rates among Hispanic women in California

Cancer ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela L. Horn-Ross ◽  
Ellen T. Chang ◽  
Christina A. Clarke ◽  
Theresa H. M. Keegan ◽  
Rudolph P. Rull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

scholarly journals Assessment Of Thyroid Cancer Incidence In Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11-12 (221-222) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Moldir Yerlankyzy ◽  
◽  
Sauirbay Sakhanov ◽  
Dulat Turebayev ◽  
Dariyana Kulmirzayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Key Words Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Incidence

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most wide spread malignant tumor of the endocrine glands. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, more than 586,200 new cases of TC were registered in the world in 2020. However spatial arrangement of this disease indicates a different distribution of this pathology all over the world. The aim to assess the peculiarities of the incidence of TC in Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The study was retrospective – the study period was 10 years (2009-2018). The material for the study was data of new cases of TC. In the research were used descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. Results and discussion. We found out that the average age of patients with TC in women (51.8±0.2 years) were less than in men (53.2±0.5 years). The crude rate and standardized incidence rates in women (5.4±0.40/0000 and 5.1±0.370/0000, respectively) were higher than in men (0.9±0.10/0000 and 1.1±0.10/0000, respectively). Age-related indicators of the incidence of TC were characterized by a peak in 60-69 years – 4.21±0.200/0000 in men and 15.37±1.210/0000 in women. Trends in morbidity tended to increase in both women (Tg=+7.8%) and men (Tg=+5.0%). Conclusion: Age and gender features of TC incidence were established in the whole country. The obtained data are recommended for use in planning anti-cancer activities. Key words: thyroid cancer, incidence, Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF CERTAIN ORGANS DEPENDING ON INDIVIDUALIZED ACCUMULATED IRRADIATION DOSES

2015 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
I. V. Veyalkin ◽  
A. A. Cheshik ◽  
O. F. Semenenko ◽  
N. G. Vlasova ◽  
Yu. V. Gorbun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Standardized Incidence Ratio ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the study is the population affected after the Chernobyl accident (1-7 groups of primary accounting). We studied cases of malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic or related tissues, cases of thyroid cancer, cancer of the testicles, ovary, kidney, corpus uteri, prostate and bladder over 1986-2014. We calculated and analyzed the parameters of the standardized incidence ratio depending on radiation doses. Women revealed a statistically significant dependence of the incidence rates of thyroid cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia on radiation dose, men revealed such a dependence in cancer of the testicles.

scholarly journals Estimates of thyroid cancer incidence in Brazil: an approach using polynomial models

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre dos Santos Brito ◽  
Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽  
Flávia dos Santos Barbosa ◽  
Rosangela Caetano ◽  
Marceli de Oliveira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Polynomial Models ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Incidence

This study aimed to estimate thyroid cancer incidence in Brazil in 2006 using polynomial models that take age and birth cohort effects into account in the estimation process. Estimates were based on new cases of thyroid cancer in nine Brazilian cities (Manaus, Palmas, Natal, Recife, Cuiabá, Belo Horizonte, São Paulo, Porto Alegre, and Curitiba) and the Federal District from 1997 to 2001. We estimated 6,066 new cases, of which 1,065 in men and 5,001 in women. The incidence rates were, respectively, 1.16 and 5.27 per 100,000 inhabitants. Rates increased with age in both genders, especially after 30 years. The size and profile of rates according to age and gender indicate that the method yields plausible estimates.

scholarly journals Incidence of Second Malignancy in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 13 Dataset

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Endo ◽  
Jessica B. Liu ◽  
Marcelle Dougan ◽  
Jennifer S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Second Primary Malignancy ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
End Results

Increased risk of second primary malignancy (SPM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been reported. Here, we present the most updated incidence rates of second primary malignancy from original diagnosis of PTC by using the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results. In this cohort, 3,200 patients developed SPM, a substantially higher number than in the reference population of 2,749 with observed to expected ratio (O/E) of 1.16 (95% CI; 1.12–1.21). Bone and joint cancer had the highest O/E ratio of 4.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.33–7.15) followed by salivary gland (O/E 4.15; 95% CI 2.76–6.0) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (O/E 3.98; 95% CI 2.12–6.8). Mean age at the diagnosis of SPM was 64.4 years old. Interestingly, incidence of colorectal cancer was lower in thyroid cancer survivors compared to general population (large intestine O/E 0.3; 95% CI 0.06–0.88, rectum O/E 0.6; 95% CI 0.41–0.85); however, this was not observed in patients who underwent radiation therapy. The incidence of SPM at all sites was higher during 2000–2012 compared to 1992–1999 (O/E 1.24 versus 1.10). Surprisingly, patients with micropapillary cancer had higher incidence of SPM than counterparts with a larger tumor in radiation group (O/E of 1.40 versus 1.15). O/E of all cancers were higher in males compared to females with O/E of 1.41 versus 1.17 during the period of 2000–2012. Diagnosis of PTC before age 50, especially at age 30–34, was associated with higher incidence of overall SPM (age 30–34; O/E 1.43; 95% CI; 1.19–1.71). Efficient monitoring strategies that include age at the time of thyroid cancer diagnosis, exposure to radiation, gender, and genetic susceptibility may successfully detect SPM earlier in the disease course. This is especially important given the excellent prognosis of the initial thyroid cancer itself.

scholarly journals Association between Uranium Exposure and Thyroid Health: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis and Ecological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike van Gerwen ◽  
Naomi Alpert ◽  
Wil Lieberman-Cribbin ◽  
Peter Cooke ◽  
Kimia Ziadkhanpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
National Health ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Besides specific, incidental radiation exposure, which has been associated with increased thyroid cancer risk, the effects of exposure to background radiation from uranium, a naturally occurring, radioactive, and ubiquitous element, on the thyroid gland has not been widely studied. We therefore investigated the association between uranium exposure and thyroid health in the US. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we assessed the association between urinary uranium levels and thyroid-related antibodies, including thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), in the general population. Secondly, we performed an ecological study of age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence rates per state and sources of uranium exposure. We included 3125 eligible participants from the NHANES and found a significant association between increased TgAb and increased urinary uranium levels when analyzed as quartiles (p = 0.0105), while no association was found with anti-TPO. In addition, although no significant correlation was found in the ecological study, certain states had high age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence rates and a high number of uranium activity locations and high uranium concentrations in water. The present study suggests that uranium exposure may affect thyroid health, which warrants increased sampling of soil and water in high-risk states.

scholarly journals Thyroid Cancer Incidence in New Jersey: Time Trend, Birth Cohort and Socioeconomic Status Analysis (1979–2006)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Roche ◽  
Xiaoling Niu ◽  
Karen S. Pawlish ◽  
Kevin A. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

The study's purpose was to investigate thyroid cancer incidence time trends, birth cohort effects, and association with socioeconomic status (SES) in New Jersey (NJ), a high incidence state, using NJ State Cancer Registry data. Thyroid cancer incidence rates in each sex, nearly all age groups, two major histologies and all stages significantly increased between 1979 and 2006. For each sex, age-specific incidence rates began greatly increasing in the 1924 birth cohort and, generally, the highest thyroid cancer incidence rate for each five-year age group occurred in the latest birth cohort and diagnosis period. Thyroid cancer incidence rates were significantly higher in NJ Census tracts with higher SES and in counties with a higher percentage of insured residents. These results support further investigation into the relationship between rising thyroid cancer incidence and increasing population exposure to medical (including diagnostic) radiation, as well as widespread use of more sensitive diagnostic techniques.

scholarly journals Thyroid cancer: is the incidence rise abating?

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Sassolas ◽  
Zakia Hafdi-Nejjari ◽  
Laurent Remontet ◽  
Nadine Bossard ◽  
Aurélien Belot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
World Population ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Incidence

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to determine recent trends in thyroid cancer incidence rates and to analyze histopathological characteristics and geographical distribution.MethodsHistologically proven 5367 cases were collected over the period 1998–2006 in France from the Rhône-Alpes thyroid cancer registry. Geographical variations of incidence were analyzed using a mixed Poisson model.ResultsThe average incidence rates, age standardized to the world population, were 3.9/100 000 in men and 12.3/100 000 in women, higher than those previously reported in France. After an initial increase during the first 3 years, a steady level of incidence was observed for the period 2001–2006. The annual incidence rate of microcarcinomas was correlated with that of all cancers in men and women (r=0.78 and 0.89; P<0.01) respectively. Papillary microcarcinomas represented 38% of tumors and two-thirds of them measured less than 5 mm in diameter. They were fortuitously discovered after thyroidectomy for benign diseases in 64% of cases. Histological marks of aggressiveness differed according to the size of the tumor. Despite recent advances in diagnosis, 13% of tumors were diagnosed at advanced stage especially in men. Geographical distribution of incidence based on subregional administrative entities showed lower incidence rates in rural than in urban zones in men (relative rate: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.62–0.84) and women (relative rate: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73–0.93).ConclusionThe present study suggests that the rise in thyroid cancer incidence is now abating. It could reflect standardization in diagnostic procedures. Further studies, performed on a more prolonged period, are necessary to confirm these data.

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