scholarly journals Are Leading Risk Factors for Cancer and Mental Disorders Multimorbidity Shared by These Two Individual Conditions in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged Adults?

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Allison M. Hodge ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
Mingguang He ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Incidence Of Cancer ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Shared Risk

Data on the leading shared risk factors of cancer and mental disorders are limited. We included 98,958 participants (54.8% women) aged 45–64 years from the 45 and Up Study who were free of cancer, depression, and anxiety at baseline (2006–2009). The incidence of cancer, mental disorders, and multimorbidity (concurrent cancer and mental disorders) was identified using claim databases during follow-up until 31 December 2016. During a nine-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of cancer, mental disorders, and multimorbidity was 8.8%, 17.4%, and 2.2%, respectively. Participants with cancer were 3.41 times more likely to develop mental disorders, while individuals with mental disorders were 3.06 times more likely to develop cancer than people without these conditions. The shared risk factors for cancer and mental disorders were older age, female gender, smoking, psychological distress, low fruit intake, poor/fair self-rated health, hypertension, arthritis, asthma, and diabetes. Low education, low income, overweight/obesity, and family history of depression were risk factors for mental disorders and multimorbidity but not cancer. In conclusion, smoking, low fruit intake, and obesity are key modifiable factors for the prevention of cancer and mental disorders. Individuals with poor/fair self-rated health, high psychological distress, asthma, hypertension, arthritis, or diabetes should be targeted for the prevention and screening of cancer and mental disorders.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of Risk Factors for Incident Drug Use in Adults: Findings from a Representative Sample of the US Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 686-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Harrington ◽  
Jennifer Robinson ◽  
Shay-Lee Bolton ◽  
Jitender Sareen ◽  
James M Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Problems

Objective: To examine baseline mental disorders and other correlates among people who have not previously used drugs as potential risk factors for incident drug use at 3-years' follow-up. Method: Data came from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (commonly referred to as the NESARC) Wave 2 (2004 to 2005; n = 34 653), a longitudinal nationally representative survey of mental illness in community-dwelling adults. The study group consisted of people who reported no history of any illicit drug use or prescription drug misuse at Wave 1 (2001 to 2002). Logistic regression analyses were used to compare people with first-episode drug use at Wave 2 ( n = 1145) to those who remained abstinent ( n = 25 790) across various Wave 1 correlates, including sociodemographic factors, mental disorders (including alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence), childhood adversity, and family history of substance use disorders. Results: All measures of childhood adversity were associated with an increased risk of incident drug use, as were alcohol or drug problems in first-degree relatives. In models adjusted for childhood adversity and a family history of addiction, a pre-existing mood disorder (AOR 1.31; 95% Cl 1.04 to 1.64), personality disorder (AOR 1.82; 95% Cl 1.50 to 2.20), previous nicotine dependence (AOR 1.41; 95% Cl 1.09 to 1.83), and alcohol abuse or dependence (AOR 1.96; 95% Cl 1.48 to 2.60) were independently associated with new-onset drug use at follow-up. Conclusions: Specific mental disorders independently increase the risk of progression to incident drug use among people who were previously abstinent. Early-life adversities and addiction in family members accounts for some, but not all, of this observed relation.

scholarly journals Associations Between Potentially Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Risk Factors and Gait Speed in Middle- and Older-Aged Adults: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Figgins ◽  
Yun-Hee Choi ◽  
Mark Speechley ◽  
Manuel Montero-Odasso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modifiable Factors

Abstract Background Gait speed is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Understanding the factors associated with gait speed and the associated adverse outcomes will inform mitigation strategies. We assessed the potentially modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with gait speed in a large national cohort of middle and older-aged Canadian adults. Methods We examined cross-sectional baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive cohort. The study sample included 20 201 community-dwelling adults aged 45–85 years. The associations between sociodemographic and anthropometric factors, chronic conditions, and cognitive, clinical, and lifestyle factors and 4-m usual gait speed (m/s) were estimated using hierarchical multivariable linear regression. Results The coefficient of determination, R  2, of the final regression model was 19.7%, with 12.9% of gait speed variability explained by sociodemographic and anthropometric factors, and nonmodifiable chronic conditions and 6.8% explained by potentially modifiable chronic conditions, cognitive, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Potentially modifiable factors significantly associated with gait speed include cardiovascular conditions (unstandardized regression coefficient, B = −0.018; p < .001), stroke (B = −0.025; p = .003), hypertension (B = −0.007; p = .026), serum Vitamin D (B = 0.004; p < .001), C-reactive protein (B = −0.005; p = .005), depressive symptoms (B = −0.003; p < .001), physical activity (B = 0.0001; p < .001), grip strength (B = 0.003; p < .001), current smoking (B = −0.026; p < .001), severe obesity (B = −0.086; p < .001), and chronic pain (B = −0.008; p = .018). Conclusions The correlates of gait speed in adulthood are multifactorial, with many being potentially modifiable through interventions and education. Our results provide a life-course-perspective framework for future longitudinal assessments risk factors affecting gait speed.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Reduced Salivary Flow Rate in a Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Takeuchi ◽  
Michiko Furuta ◽  
Toru Takeshita ◽  
Yukie Shibata ◽  
Yoshihiro Shimazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Plaque Score

The purpose of this study was to determine distinct risk factors causing reduced salivary flow rate in a community-dwelling population using a prospective cohort study design. This was a 5-year follow-up survey of 1,377 community-dwelling Japanese individuals aged ≥40 years. The salivary flow rate was evaluated at baseline and follow-up by collecting stimulated saliva. Data on demographic characteristics, use of medication, and general and oral health status were obtained at baseline. The relationship between reduced salivary flow rate during the follow-up period and its predictors was evaluated after adjustment for confounding factors. In a multivariate logistic regression model, higher age and plaque score and lower serum albumin levels were significantly associated with greater odds of an obvious reduction in salivary flow rate (age per decade, odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.51; serum albumin levels <4 g/dL, OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.04–2.46; plaque score ≥1, OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.04–2.24). In a multivariate linear regression model, age and plaque score remained independently associated with the increased rate of reduced salivary flow. These results suggest that aging and plaque score are important predictors of reduced salivary flow rate in Japanese adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Poor Self-Rated Health and Associated Risk Factors among Older Adults in Cali, Colombia

2013 ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Mauricio Ocampo-Chaparro ◽  
Helmer de Jesus Zapata-Ossa ◽  
Angela M Cubides-Munévar ◽  
Carmen Lucia Curcio ◽  
Juan de Dios Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Modifiable Factors

Introduction: Self-rated health (SRH) has beeen considered an important marker of quality of life and an independent predictor of mortality in older adults. Objective: To determine the prevalence of poor SRH and identify risk factors associated with poor SRH among older adults residing in the Commune 18 of the city of Cali, Colombia, in 2009. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study with a single-stage cluster sampling design. Sample included 314 persons aged 60 and older. The dependent variable, SRH was dichotomized into good (excellent, very good, good) and poor (fair, poor). Independent variables were sociodemographic, biological, mental, functional and geriatric syndromes. Logistic regression was used for multivariate statistical modeling. Results: Overall, 40.1% reported poor SRH (women 42.9%, men 35.0%). Factors independently associated with poor SRH were diabetes mellitus, depression, fear of falling and frailty syndrome (frail and pre-frail vs. non-frail). Widowed men reported poorer health than married men while other marital status (single/separated/divorced) was associated with better self rated health in women. Conclusion: Potential modifiable factors such as depression and frailty syndrome are important determinants for poor SRH in Colombian older adults.

scholarly journals A Regression Tree for Identifying Risk Factors for Fear of Falling: The International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen-Lucia Curcio ◽  
Yan Yan Wu ◽  
Afshin Vafaei ◽  
Juliana Fernandez de Souza Barbosa ◽  
Ricardo Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Mobility Disability ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Aging Study

Abstract Background We determine the best combination of factors for predicting the risk of developing fear of falling (FOF) in older people via Classification Regression Tree (CaRT) analysis. Methods Community-dwelling older adults living in Canada, Albania, Brazil, and Colombia were from International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS). In 2014, 1,725 participants (aged 65–74) were assessed. With a retention rate of 81%, in 2016, 1,409 individuals were reassessed. Risk factors for FOF were entered into the CaRT: age, sex, education, self-rated health, comorbidity, medication, visual impairment, frailty, cognitive deficit, depression, fall history, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), walking aid use, and mobility disability measured by the Nagi questionnaire. Results The classification tree included 12 end groups representing differential risks of FOF with a minimum of two and a maximum of five predictors. The first split in the tree involved impaired physical function (SPPB scores). Respondents with less than 8 in SPPB score and mobility disability had 82% risk of developing FOF at the end of 2-year follow-up. Between 23.2% and 82.3% of the risk of developing FOF in 2 years of follow-up were explained by only five variables: age, sex, self-rated health, functional impairment measured by SPPB, and mobility disability. In those with no functional impairment or mobility disability, levels of education, sex, and self-rated health were important predictors of FOF in the future. Conclusion This classification tree included different groups based on specific combinations of a maximum of five easily measurable predictors with emphasis on impaired physical functioning risk factors for developing FOF.

scholarly journals Incidence of and Risk Factors for Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis After Anterior Shoulder Instability: A US Population–Based Study With Average 15-Year Follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596712096251
Author(s):  
Bradley M. Kruckeberg ◽  
Devin P. Leland ◽  
Christopher D. Bernard ◽  
Aaron J. Krych ◽  
Diane L. Dahm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Former Smokers

Background: The rate of osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with a history of previous anterior shoulder instability (ASI) varies within the literature, with the majority of studies investigating rates after surgical stabilization. ASI appears to lead to increased rates of OA, although risk factors for developing OA in cohorts treated nonoperatively and operatively are not well-defined. Purpose: To determine the incidence of clinically symptomatic OA and identify potential risk factors for the development of OA in patients younger than 40 years with a known history of ASI. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: An established, geographically based database was used to identify patients in the United States who were younger than 40 years and were diagnosed with ASI between 1994 and 2014. Patient information, including demographic, imaging, and surgical details, was collected. Comparative analysis was performed between groups with and without OA at final follow-up as well as between patients who underwent surgical and nonsurgical management. Results: The study population consisted of 154 patients with a mean follow-up of 15.2 years (range, 5.1-29.8 years). The mean age at initial instability event was 20.9 years (95% CI, 19.9-22.0 years). Overall, 22.7% of patients developed clinically symptomatic glenohumeral OA. Multivariate analysis revealed that current or former smokers (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; 95% CI, 1.1-16.5; P = .030), hyperlaxity (OR, 10.1; 95% CI, 1.4-72.4; P = .020), laborer occupation (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.02-36.1; P = .043), body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.03-1.3; P = .012), and age at initial instability (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.02-1.2; P = .013) as potential independent risk factors when accounting for other demographic and clinical variables. Conclusion: In a US geographic population of patients younger than 40 years with ASI, approximately one-fourth of patients developed symptomatic OA at a mean follow-up of 15 years from their first instability event. When accounting for differences in patient demographic and clinical data, we noted a potentially increased risk for the development of OA in patients who are current or former smokers, have hyperlaxity, are laborers, have higher BMI, and have increased age at initial instability event. Smoking status, occupation, and BMI are modifiable factors that could potentially decrease risk for the development of symptomatic OA in these patients.

scholarly journals Fall-related efficacy is a useful and independent index to detect fall risk in Japanese community-dwelling older people: a 1-year longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Kamide ◽  
Yoshitaka Shiba ◽  
Miki Sakamoto ◽  
Haruhiko Sato ◽  
Akie Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
Walking Time

Abstract Background Fall-related efficacy has been found to be associated with both falls and fall risk factors such as physical performance. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether fall-related efficacy is, independent of physical performance and other potential risk factors, associated with future falls in community-dwelling older people. Methods The study participants were 237 Japanese older people aged 65 years and over who were living independently in their community. Fall-related efficacy and physical performance were assessed at baseline using the short version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (short FES-I) and 5-m walking time, the Timed Up and Go Test, the 5 Times Sit to Stand Test, and grip strength. Physical performance was then again assessed at 1-year follow-up. The number of falls was obtained every 6 months for 1 year after the baseline survey. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), depression, fall history, current medications, medical history, and pain were also investigated as potential confounding factors that have possible associations with falls. The associations between the short FES-I, physical performance, and number of falls were analyzed using Poisson regression analysis adjusted for physical performance and potential confounding factors. Results The mean age of the participants (75.9% women) was 71.1 ± 4.6 years, and 92.8% could perform IADL independently. The total numbers of falls and fallers during the 1-year follow-up period were 70 and 42, respectively. On Poisson regression analysis adjusted for walking time and potential confounding factors, independent of physical performance, the short FES-I was found to be significantly associated with number of falls (relative risk = 1.09, p < 0.05). On the other hand, physical performance was not significantly associated with the number of falls. Conclusions The findings of the present study suggest that the short FES-I, independent of physical performance and other potential risk factors, is a useful index to detect fall risk in community-dwelling older people, and that fall-related efficacy is an important factor in terms of fall prevention.

scholarly journals Communication Vulnerabilities in Working-age Australians with Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Cross-sectional Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1484-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne B. Lowe ◽  
Michael J. Taylor ◽  
Sophie J. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics

Objective.To estimate the prevalence of communication vulnerability (CV) and its association with various health measures among working-age Australians with musculoskeletal conditions (MSK). The various vulnerability characteristics may lead to inadequate communication between consumers and healthcare professionals.Methods.Prevalence of CV among 18–64 year olds, with or without MSK, was analyzed using the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ National Health Survey 2007–08 data. Associations between CV and measures of health complexity (accumulating multimorbidity and risk factors) and health burden (poorer self-rated health, psychological distress, and pain restricting work) in the MSK population were estimated using logistic regression. Further analyses were conducted for each vulnerability characteristic to determine the degree of association (crude and adjusted) with measures of interest.Results.CV were more prevalent in working-age Australians with MSK (65%) than those without (51%). Adjusted for age and sex among working-age Australians with at least 1 MSK, those with 1 or more CV were more likely to have multimorbidity [adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.2], lifestyle risk factors (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–2.8), poorer self-rated health (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI 2.7–4.2), greater psychological distress (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI 2.3–3.7), and pain restricting employment (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4–2.1) compared with those without CV.Conclusion.For working-age people, there is an association between MSK and CV. For those with MSK, CV were associated with increased likelihood of health complexity and burden. These findings have policy and clinical relevance. Research is needed to determine whether interventions that address these specific CV characteristics reduce the burden of disease within these populations.

scholarly journals Incidence of and Risk Factors for Missing Events Due to Wandering in Community-dwelling Older People with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
seungwon Jeong ◽  
Takao Suzuki ◽  
Kiyoko Miura ◽  
Takashi Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract BackgroundThe burden of missing incidents is not only on the person with dementia, but also on their family, neighbors, and community. The extent to which dementia-related wandering and missing incidents occur in the community has not been evaluated thoroughly in the published literature. Therefore, we evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for missing events due to wandering.MethodsWe conducted a non-randomized prospective one-year follow-up cohort study based on symptom registration with missing events due to wandering as the endpoint. In the first consultation, 374 patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their caregivers who visited the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology in Japan were included. The incidence and recurrence rate of missing events were calculated. Participants were divided into (those with) dementia and (those with) MCI. Patients' basic and medical information was documented at baseline and after one year of follow-up. Furthermore, analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis were performed to clarify the risk factors associated with the missing event.ResultsAmong the 236 patients with dementia enrolled, 65 (27·5%) had a previous missing event at baseline, and 28 had a missing event during the one-year follow-up period (recurrence rate of 43·1%). Of the 171 who did not have a previous missing event at baseline, 23 had a missing event during the one-year follow-up period (incidence rate of 13·5%). The scores of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale (DBD), and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) were statistically significant as the risk factors for the incidence of wandering leading to a missing event (p<0·05).ConclusionsPrevention of missing event due to wandering requires focused attention on changes in the MMSE, DBD, ADAS scores, and the development of a social environment to support family caregivers.

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