scholarly journals Highlighting the Potential for Chronic Stress to Minimize Therapeutic Responses to Radiotherapy through Increased Immunosuppression and Radiation Resistance

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3853
Author(s):  
Minhui Chen ◽  
Anurag K. Singh ◽  
Elizabeth A. Repasky
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Tumor Cell Death ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Effective Radiation

Ionizing radiation has been used in the treatment of cancer for more than 100 years. While often very effective, there is still a great effort in place to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy for controlling the progression and recurrence of tumors. Recent research has revealed the close interaction between nerves and tumor progression, especially nerves of the autonomic nervous system that are activated by a variety of stressful stimuli including anxiety, pain, sleep loss or depression, each of which is likely to be increased in cancer patients. A growing literature now points to a negative effect of chronic stressful stimuli in tumor progression. In this review article, we present data on the potential for adrenergic stress to influence the efficacy of radiation and in particular, its potential to influence the anti-tumor immune response, and the frequency of an “abscopal effect” or the shrinkage of tumors which are outside an irradiated field. We conclude that chronic stress can be a major impediment to more effective radiation therapy through mechanisms involving immunosuppression and increased resistance to radiation-induced tumor cell death. Overall, these data highlight the potential value of stress reduction strategies to improve the outcome of radiation therapy. At the same time, objective biomarkers that can accurately and objectively reflect the degree of stress in patients over prolonged periods of time, and whether it is influencing immunosuppression and radiation resistance, are also critically needed.

A Call to Define Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Pollock ◽  
L Dade Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Short History ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radiation Delivery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
And Training

Abstract STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY IS the single-session, precise delivery of a therapeutically effective radiation dose to an imaging-defined target. Conceived and developed during the past 5 decades, stereotactic radiosurgery has involved significant advances, which have improved patient outcomes and made it a critical component of modern neurosurgical practice and training. In this article, a short history of stereotactic surgery and radiosurgery are presented, and radiosurgery is contrasted to radiation therapy. Adherence to accepted, descriptive terms in defining stereotactic radiosurgery and radiation therapy permits a clear distinction among the results of the different radiation delivery techniques for patients, physicians, and other interested parties.

scholarly journals Rare Radiation Complications after Treatment of Cervical Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
О. М. Sukhina ◽  
◽  
K. V. Nemaltsova ◽  
V. S. Sukhin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Advanced Cervical Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

Currently, cervical cancer is one of the most common types of oncological pathology. Radiation therapy is the main treatment for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. The main goal of radiation treatment for cervical cancer is to plan the amount of radiation in which the primary tumor and the areas of regional lymph outflow are subject to the maximum possible impact with minimal radiation exposure to critical organs (rectum and bladder). However, the program of combined radiation therapy according to a radical program in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer provides for irradiation of sufficiently large volumes with high therapeutic doses. Radiation therapy with radiomodifying cytostatics or with competitive polychemotherapy improves both immediate and long-term results of treatment, but increases the risk of radiation reactions. According to clinical signs, radiation toxicity is divided into general and local, which, in turn, can be early and late, depending on the time of occurrence. The risk of radiation damage naturally increases with an increase in the total absorbed dose. The presence of comorbidities also affects the likelihood of post-radiation complications. Chronic diseases of organs located in the irradiated zone significantly increase the risk of their radiation damage. Individual radiosensitivity plays a decisive role in the occurrence of radiation complications. The article describes a case of a urinary-small intestinal fistula in patient A., 80 years old. The patient has been observed in the clinic of the State Organization «Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» since 2016 for cervical cancer FIGO IVA stage (pathohistological conclusion was squamous cell non-keratinizing cancer), a course of combined radiation therapy with modification of 5-fluorouracil under a radical program was carried out. The relapse-free period for cervical cancer was 4 years, the patient regularly underwent control examinations at the Institute's clinic. Since March 2020 has had complaints about the presence of feces in the urine, which is why she came to the clinic. Conclusion. Treatment of this category of patients is a difficult task that requires time and great effort from both medical staff and patients

Radiation Therapy for Residual or Recurrent Atypical Meningioma

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Q. Sun ◽  
Chunyu Cai ◽  
Rory K.J. Murphy ◽  
Todd DeWees ◽  
Ralph G. Dacey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Atypical Meningioma ◽  
Locoregional Control ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Brain Invasion

Abstract BACKGROUND Optimal use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) vs external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for treatment of residual/recurrent atypical meningioma is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze features associated with progression after radiation therapy. METHODS: Fifty radiation-naive patients who received SRS or EBRT for residual and/or recurrent atypical meningioma were examined for predictors of progression using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (64%) received adjuvant radiation after subtotal resection, 12 patients (24%) received salvage radiation after progression following subtotal resection, and 6 patients (12%) received salvage radiation after recurrence following gross total resection. Twenty-one patients (42%) received SRS (median 18 Gy), and 7 (33%) had tumor progression. Twenty-nine patients (58%) received EBRT (median 54 Gy), and 13 (45%) had tumor progression. Whereas tumor volume (P = .53), SRS vs EBRT (P = .45), and adjuvant vs salvage (P = .34) were not associated with progression after radiation therapy, spontaneous necrosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 82.3, P < .001), embolization necrosis (HR = 15.6, P = .03), and brain invasion (HR = 3.8, P = .008) predicted progression in univariate and multivariate analyses. Tumors treated with SRS/EBRT had 2- and 5-year actuarial locoregional control rates of 91%/88% and 71%/69%, respectively. Tumors with spontaneous necrosis, embolization necrosis, and no necrosis had 2- and 5-year locoregional control rates of 76%, 92%, and 100% and 36%, 73%, and 100%, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that necrosis may be a negative predictor of radiation response regardless of radiation timing or modality.

Coping Against Weight-Related Teasing among Adolescents Perceived to be Overweight or Obese in Urban Physical Education

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Li ◽  
Paul Rukavina ◽  
Paul Wright
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Focus Group Interview ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Urban School District ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Checking Procedure ◽  
Self Protection

The purpose of this study was to examine coping against weight-related teasing among adolescents perceived to be overweight or obese in urban physical education. Forty-seven students perceived to be overweight or obese from a large urban school district were interviewed. Trustworthiness of data analysis was established by using a member-checking procedure, focus group interview, and peer debriefing throughout the research process. The results indicated that adolescents perceived to be overweight or obese used self-protection, compensation, confrontation, seeking social support, avoidance/psychological disengagement, losing weight and stress reduction strategies to cope against weight-related teasing. Adolescents used multiple strategies under different mechanisms to cope, and the strategies they chose were dependent on the situation.

Tumor cell death in orthotopic breast cancer model by NanoALA: a novel perspective on photodynamic therapy in oncology

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1019-1036
Author(s):  
Laise R de Andrade ◽  
Antonio C Tedesco ◽  
Fernando L Primo ◽  
Gabriel R Farias ◽  
Jaqueline R da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Tumor Cell Death ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Primary Mammary Tumor

Aim: Nano-5-aminolevulic acid (NanoALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), an oil-in-water polymeric nanoemulsion of ALA, was evaluated in a murine model of breast cancer. Materials & methods: Analysis of ALA-derived protoporphyrin IX production and acute toxicity test, biocompatibility and treatment efficacy, and long-term effect of NanoALA-PDT on tumor progression were performed. Results: The nanoformulation favored the prodrug uptake by tumor cells in a shorter time (1.5 h). As a result, the adverse effects were negligible and the response rates for primary mammary tumor control were significantly improved. Tumor progression was slower after NanoALA-PDT treatment, providing longer survival. Conclusion: NanoALA is a good proactive drug candidate for PDT against cancer potentially applied as adjuvant/neoadjuvant intervention strategy for breast cancer.

Effects of equine back massage pads on stress indicators by the assessment of behaviour, heart rate and salivary cortisol

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
A Harris ◽  
A J Northrop ◽  
J H Martin ◽  
L J Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Performance Potential ◽  
Stress Perception ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
Growth Metabolism ◽  
Horse Owners

Equine massage therapy is becoming increasingly popular, particularly the use of electronic pads which eliminate the need for a masseur and make the treatment more accessible. Domestic horses live in conditions that are different to which they are naturally adapted. Horses are free roaming, social trickle feeders but modern management houses them in isolation and confinement with little or no social interaction and highly concentrated feeding regimes (Harewood and McGowan, 2005). The inability to carry out these behaviours may lead to stress. Stress may alter the biochemistry of the body and could affect reproduction, growth, metabolism and immune function, which in turn may reduce the performance potential of an individual. Stress can have a negative effect on welfare so it is the responsibility of horse owners to reduce stress. Massage may help in stress reduction due to a similarity to mutual grooming, believed to be a goal directed behaviour and have a reward of stress reduction (McBride et al., 2004). The effect of massage on horses, particularly with an electronic massage pad is not established. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of an electronic pad on the stress perception of domestic horses.

scholarly journals Culinary Medicine and Nature: Foods That Work Together

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
John La Puma
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Culinary Medicine ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Herbs And Spices

Culinary medicine is a new evidence-based field in medicine that blends the art of food and cooking with the science of medicine. Intended to be of constructive use to clinicians, patients, and families, this column covers 10 practical ways for eaters to enjoy preparing and choosing foods, meals, and beverages that work to prevent and treat disease and to enhance one’s own natural ability to stay and get well. The column also identifies mechanisms by which food and beverages work in the body as culinary medicine. The column identifies what-to-look-for “chef’s secrets” for choosing fruits and vegetables at the peak of flavor in your own garden, in supermarkets, and in farmer’s markets. Edible flowers, herbs, and spices with special culinary medical value are also described, as are essential ways to choose and also, when necessary, avoid them. Finally, the corporate and professional office is described as an ideal site for nature-based stress reduction and burnout reversal, in which both culinary medicine and the power of nature can be used to reduce the symptoms associated with chronic stress.

scholarly journals Role of Calcium Signaling in Prostate Cancer Progression: Effects on Cancer Hallmarks and Bone Metastatic Mechanisms

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Ardura ◽  
Luis Álvarez-Carrión ◽  
Irene Gutiérrez-Rojas ◽  
Verónica Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Prostate Tumor ◽  
Tumor Cell Death ◽  
Prostate Cancers

Advanced prostate cancers that progress to tumor metastases are often considered incurable or difficult to treat. The etiology of prostate cancers is multi-factorial. Among other factors, de-regulation of calcium signals in prostate tumor cells mediates several pathological dysfunctions associated with tumor progression. Calcium plays a relevant role on tumor cell death, proliferation, motility-invasion and tumor metastasis. Calcium controls molecular factors and signaling pathways involved in the development of prostate cancer and its progression. Such factors and pathways include calcium channels and calcium-binding proteins. Nevertheless, the involvement of calcium signaling on prostate cancer predisposition for bone tropism has been relatively unexplored. In this regard, a diversity of mechanisms triggers transient accumulation of intracellular calcium in prostate cancer cells, potentially favoring bone metastases development. New therapies for the treatment of prostate cancer include compounds characterized by potent and specific actions that target calcium channels/transporters or pumps. These novel drugs for prostate cancer treatment encompass calcium-ATPase inhibitors, voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitors, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel regulators or Orai inhibitors. This review details the latest results that have evaluated the relationship between calcium signaling and progression of prostate cancer, as well as potential therapies aiming to modulate calcium signaling in prostate tumor progression.

A review of vascular disrupting agents as a concomitant anti-tumour modality with radiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Tyler Tran ◽  
Ahmed El Kaffas ◽  
Azza Al-Mahrouki ◽  
Carol Gillies ◽  
Gregory Jan Czarnota
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Vascular Disrupting Agents ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Tumour Vasculature ◽  
The Us ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Vascular Disrupting

AbstractBackgroundTumour vasculature plays an important role in the development, maintenance and sustainability of a tumour. Endothelial cells which are recruited into the tumour stroma facilitate the formation of essential blood vessels that deliver nutrients and oxygen to tumour cells. A growing body of research is showing that there are synergistic anti-tumour effects when anti-vascular agents are combined with radiation. More recent reports have described favourable radiation response as a function of vascular targeting and blood vessel breakdown, primarily through interactions of radiation with vascular endothelial cells. Vascular disrupting agents are being utilised in several forms that include molecular targeting, biophysical assault and biological interference.PurposeIn the present review, we examine current advances in anti-vascular agents to enhance tumour response when combined with radiation therapy.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted on the US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (PubMed) using the following search keywords: vascular disrupting agents, radiation sensitisation, anti-angiogenic therapy, anti-vascular therapy, radiation therapy.ConclusionCurrent research suggests the applicability of vascular disrupting agents as an effective radiation sensitisation agent. Pre-clinical and clinical trials have been well developed to form the theoretical framework to apply this powerful modality to the treatment of cancer.

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