scholarly journals Senolytics for Cancer Therapy: Is All that Glitters Really Gold?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Carpenter ◽  
Tareq Saleh ◽  
David A. Gewirtz
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies

Senolytics represent a group of mechanistically diverse drugs that can eliminate senescent cells, both in tumors and in several aging-related pathologies. Consequently, senolytic use has been proposed as a potential adjuvant approach to improve the response to senescence-inducing conventional and targeted cancer therapies. Despite the unequivocal promise of senolytics, issues of universality, selectivity, resistance, and toxicity remain to be further clarified. In this review, we attempt to summarize and analyze the current preclinical literature involving the use of senolytics in senescent tumor cell models, and to propose tenable solutions and future directions to improve the understanding and use of this novel class of drugs.

scholarly journals Kinase-targeted cancer therapies: progress, challenges and future directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushwant S. Bhullar ◽  
Naiara Orrego Lagarón ◽  
Eileen M. McGowan ◽  
Indu Parmar ◽  
Amitabh Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies

scholarly journals Development of synthetic lethality in cancer: molecular and cellular classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Li ◽  
Win Topatana ◽  
Sarun Juengpanich ◽  
Jiasheng Cao ◽  
Jiahao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Synthetic Lethality ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anticancer Treatment

Abstract Recently, genetically targeted cancer therapies have been a topic of great interest. Synthetic lethality provides a new approach for the treatment of mutated genes that were previously considered unable to be targeted in traditional genotype-targeted treatments. The increasing researches and applications in the clinical setting made synthetic lethality a promising anticancer treatment option. However, the current understandings on different conditions of synthetic lethality have not been systematically assessed and the application of synthetic lethality in clinical practice still faces many challenges. Here, we propose a novel and systematic classification of synthetic lethality divided into gene level, pathway level, organelle level, and conditional synthetic lethality, according to the degree of specificity into its biological mechanism. Multiple preclinical findings of synthetic lethality in recent years will be reviewed and classified under these different categories. Moreover, synthetic lethality targeted drugs in clinical practice will be briefly discussed. Finally, we will explore the essential implications of this classification as well as its prospects in eliminating existing challenges and the future directions of synthetic lethality.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Heterogeneity and Response to Novel Therapeutics

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3271
Author(s):  
Mariona Baliu-Piqué ◽  
Atanasio Pandiella ◽  
Alberto Ocana
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Heterogeneity ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies ◽  
Oncogenic Driver ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Tumoral Cells

Targeted cancer therapies against oncogenic drivers are actively being developed and tested in clinical trials. Targeting an oncogenic driver may only prove effective if the mutation is present in most tumoral cells. Therefore, highly heterogeneous tumors may be refractory to these therapies. This makes tumor heterogeneity a major challenge in cancer therapy. Although heterogeneity has traditionally been attributed to genetic diversity within cancer cell populations, it is now widely recognized that human cancers are heterogeneous in almost all distinguishable phenotypic characteristics. Understanding the genetic variability and also the non-genetic influences of tumor heterogeneity will provide novel insights into how to reverse therapeutic resistance and improve cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Mitochondria-Targeted Nanomedicine for Enhanced Efficacy of Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Haibei Tong ◽  
Jialiang Li ◽  
Jiachen Li ◽  
Di Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Sonodynamic Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies ◽  
Mitochondria Dna

Nanomedicines have been designed and developed to deliver anticancer drugs or exert anticancer therapy more selectively to tumor sites. Recent investigations have gone beyond delivering drugs to tumor tissues or cells, but to intracellular compartments for amplifying therapy efficacy. Mitochondria are attractive targets for cancer treatment due to their important functions for cells and close relationships to tumor occurrence and metastasis. Accordingly, multifunctional nanoplatforms have been constructed for cancer therapy with the modification of a variety of mitochondriotropic ligands, to trigger the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells. On this basis, various cancer therapeutic modalities based on mitochondria-targeted nanomedicines are developed by strategies of damaging mitochondria DNA (mtDNA), increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), disturbing respiratory chain and redox balance. Herein, in this review, we highlight mitochondria-targeted cancer therapies enabled by nanoplatforms including chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), radiodynamic therapy (RDT) and combined immunotherapy, and discussed the ongoing challenges.

scholarly journals Aptamer-Assisted Delivery of Nucleotides with Tumor-Suppressing Properties for Targeted Cancer Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani ◽  
Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani ◽  
Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Assisted Delivery ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Significant Attention

: Targeted cancer therapy is developing rapidly according to the fact that it has been demonstrated that this type of therapy can reduce various side effects and adverse events of the commonly available cancer treatment approaches such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This selective type of cancer therapy can mediate encouraging outcomes where the frontline cancer treatment methods have failed to do so. Aptamer-assisted delivery of various types of cargoes or the utilization of aptamer for the redirection of delivery vehicles is among various fields of targeted cancer therapy that have gained significant attention lately. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides or peptide molecules that harbor significant levels of specificity and affinity toward various types of targets such as cell surface antigens, ions, toxins, chemicals, etc. They have shown encouraging results in several types of targeted cancer therapy for the redirection of a variety of cargoes. In this review, we shed the light on the application of aptamers for the delivery of nucleotides such as MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and short hairpin RNA or small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that harbor tumor suppression properties in various kinds of malignancies.

Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Epigenetics Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1084-1098
Author(s):  
Fengqian Chen ◽  
Yunzhen Shi ◽  
Jinming Zhang ◽  
Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Epigenetic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
High Therapeutic Index

This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanisms of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications in cancer and the epigenetic modifications in cancer therapy. Due to their undesired side effects, the use of epigenetic drugs as chemo-drugs in cancer therapies is limited. The drug delivery system opens a door for minimizing these side effects and achieving greater therapeutic benefits. The limitations of current epigenetic therapies in clinical cancer treatment and the advantages of using drug delivery systems for epigenetic agents are also discussed. Combining drug delivery systems with epigenetic therapy is a promising approach to reaching a high therapeutic index and minimizing the side effects.

Lipid-based Nanoplatforms in Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Rajpoot
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Medication Delivery ◽  
Lipid Nanocarriers ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Drug Nanocarriers

Though modern available cancer therapies are effective, they possess major adverse effects, causing non-compliance to patients. Furthermore, the majority of the polymeric-based medication platforms are certainly not universally acceptable, due to their several restrictions. With this juxtaposition, lipid-based medication delivery systems have appeared as promising drug nanocarriers to replace the majority of the polymer-based products because they are in a position to reverse polymer as well as, drug-associated restrictions. Furthermore, the amalgamation of the basic principle of nanotechnology in designing lipid nanocarriers, which are the latest form of lipid carriers, has tremendous chemotherapeutic possibilities as tumor-targeted drug-delivery pertaining to tumor therapy. Apart from this, it is reported that nearly 40% of the modern medication entities are lipophilic. Moreover, research continues to be efficient in attaining a significant understanding of the absorption and bioavailability of the developed lipids systems.

scholarly journals Chimeric non-antigen receptors in T cell-based cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e002628
Author(s):  
Jitao Guo ◽  
Andrew Kent ◽  
Eduardo Davila
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Antigen ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Antigen Receptors ◽  
Natural Ligands ◽  
And Function

Adoptively transferred T cell-based cancer therapies have shown incredible promise in treatment of various cancers. So far therapeutic strategies using T cells have focused on manipulation of the antigen-recognition machinery itself, such as through selective expression of tumor-antigen specific T cell receptors or engineered antigen-recognition chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). While several CARs have been approved for treatment of hematopoietic malignancies, this kind of therapy has been less successful in the treatment of solid tumors, in part due to lack of suitable tumor-specific targets, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and the inability of adoptively transferred cells to maintain their therapeutic potentials. It is critical for therapeutic T cells to overcome immunosuppressive environmental triggers, mediating balanced antitumor immunity without causing unwanted inflammation or autoimmunity. To address these hurdles, chimeric receptors with distinct signaling properties are being engineered to function as allies of tumor antigen-specific receptors, modulating unique aspects of T cell function without directly binding to antigen themselves. In this review, we focus on the design and function of these chimeric non-antigen receptors, which fall into three broad categories: ‘inhibitory-to-stimulatory’ switch receptors that bind natural ligands, enhanced stimulatory receptors that interact with natural ligands, and synthetic receptor-ligand pairs. Our intent is to offer detailed descriptions that will help readers to understand the structure and function of these receptors, as well as inspire development of additional novel synthetic receptors to improve T cell-based cancer therapy.

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