scholarly journals Mitochondria-Targeted Nanomedicine for Enhanced Efficacy of Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Haibei Tong ◽  
Jialiang Li ◽  
Jiachen Li ◽  
Di Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Sonodynamic Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies ◽  
Mitochondria Dna

Nanomedicines have been designed and developed to deliver anticancer drugs or exert anticancer therapy more selectively to tumor sites. Recent investigations have gone beyond delivering drugs to tumor tissues or cells, but to intracellular compartments for amplifying therapy efficacy. Mitochondria are attractive targets for cancer treatment due to their important functions for cells and close relationships to tumor occurrence and metastasis. Accordingly, multifunctional nanoplatforms have been constructed for cancer therapy with the modification of a variety of mitochondriotropic ligands, to trigger the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells. On this basis, various cancer therapeutic modalities based on mitochondria-targeted nanomedicines are developed by strategies of damaging mitochondria DNA (mtDNA), increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), disturbing respiratory chain and redox balance. Herein, in this review, we highlight mitochondria-targeted cancer therapies enabled by nanoplatforms including chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), radiodynamic therapy (RDT) and combined immunotherapy, and discussed the ongoing challenges.

scholarly journals Senolytics for Cancer Therapy: Is All that Glitters Really Gold?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Carpenter ◽  
Tareq Saleh ◽  
David A. Gewirtz
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies

Senolytics represent a group of mechanistically diverse drugs that can eliminate senescent cells, both in tumors and in several aging-related pathologies. Consequently, senolytic use has been proposed as a potential adjuvant approach to improve the response to senescence-inducing conventional and targeted cancer therapies. Despite the unequivocal promise of senolytics, issues of universality, selectivity, resistance, and toxicity remain to be further clarified. In this review, we attempt to summarize and analyze the current preclinical literature involving the use of senolytics in senescent tumor cell models, and to propose tenable solutions and future directions to improve the understanding and use of this novel class of drugs.

scholarly journals Mitochondria-Targeted Nanocarriers Promote Highly Efficient Cancer Therapy: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Zeng ◽  
Chao Fang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Cong-Xian Chen ◽  
Yi-Feng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Sonodynamic Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways ◽  
Mitochondria Targeting

Mitochondria are the primary organelles which can produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They play vital roles in maintaining normal functions. They also regulated apoptotic pathways of cancer cells. Given that, designing therapeutic agents that precisely target mitochondria is of great importance for cancer treatment. Nanocarriers can combine the mitochondria with other therapeutic modalities in cancer treatment, thus showing great potential to cancer therapy in the past few years. Herein, we summarized lipophilic cation- and peptide-based nanosystems for mitochondria targeting. This review described how mitochondria-targeted nanocarriers promoted highly efficient cancer treatment in photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy, combined immunotherapy, and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). We further discussed mitochondria-targeted nanocarriers’ major challenges and future prospects in clinical cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbo Li ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Xilin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Sonodynamic Therapy ◽  
Organic Nanomaterials ◽  
Trigger Cell Death

Nanotechnology advances in cancer therapy applications have led to the development of nanomaterials that generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) specifically in tumor cells. ROS act as a double-edged sword, as they can promote tumorigenesis and proliferation but also trigger cell death by enhancing intracellular oxidative stress. Various nanomaterials function by increasing ROS production in tumor cells and thereby disturbing their redox balance, leading to lipid peroxidation, and oxidative damage of DNA and proteins. In this review, we outline these mechanisms, summarize recent progress in ROS-based nanomaterials, including metal-based nanoparticles, organic nanomaterials, and chemotherapy drug-loaded nanoplatforms, and highlight their biomedical applications in cancer therapy as drug delivery systems (DDSs) or in combination with chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), or sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Finally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of current ROS-mediated nanomaterials used in cancer therapy and speculate on the future progress of this nanotechnology for oncological applications.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Heterogeneity and Response to Novel Therapeutics

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3271
Author(s):  
Mariona Baliu-Piqué ◽  
Atanasio Pandiella ◽  
Alberto Ocana
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Heterogeneity ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies ◽  
Oncogenic Driver ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Tumoral Cells

Targeted cancer therapies against oncogenic drivers are actively being developed and tested in clinical trials. Targeting an oncogenic driver may only prove effective if the mutation is present in most tumoral cells. Therefore, highly heterogeneous tumors may be refractory to these therapies. This makes tumor heterogeneity a major challenge in cancer therapy. Although heterogeneity has traditionally been attributed to genetic diversity within cancer cell populations, it is now widely recognized that human cancers are heterogeneous in almost all distinguishable phenotypic characteristics. Understanding the genetic variability and also the non-genetic influences of tumor heterogeneity will provide novel insights into how to reverse therapeutic resistance and improve cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Aptamer-Assisted Delivery of Nucleotides with Tumor-Suppressing Properties for Targeted Cancer Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani ◽  
Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani ◽  
Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Assisted Delivery ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Significant Attention

: Targeted cancer therapy is developing rapidly according to the fact that it has been demonstrated that this type of therapy can reduce various side effects and adverse events of the commonly available cancer treatment approaches such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This selective type of cancer therapy can mediate encouraging outcomes where the frontline cancer treatment methods have failed to do so. Aptamer-assisted delivery of various types of cargoes or the utilization of aptamer for the redirection of delivery vehicles is among various fields of targeted cancer therapy that have gained significant attention lately. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides or peptide molecules that harbor significant levels of specificity and affinity toward various types of targets such as cell surface antigens, ions, toxins, chemicals, etc. They have shown encouraging results in several types of targeted cancer therapy for the redirection of a variety of cargoes. In this review, we shed the light on the application of aptamers for the delivery of nucleotides such as MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and short hairpin RNA or small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that harbor tumor suppression properties in various kinds of malignancies.

Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Epigenetics Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1084-1098
Author(s):  
Fengqian Chen ◽  
Yunzhen Shi ◽  
Jinming Zhang ◽  
Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Epigenetic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
High Therapeutic Index

This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanisms of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications in cancer and the epigenetic modifications in cancer therapy. Due to their undesired side effects, the use of epigenetic drugs as chemo-drugs in cancer therapies is limited. The drug delivery system opens a door for minimizing these side effects and achieving greater therapeutic benefits. The limitations of current epigenetic therapies in clinical cancer treatment and the advantages of using drug delivery systems for epigenetic agents are also discussed. Combining drug delivery systems with epigenetic therapy is a promising approach to reaching a high therapeutic index and minimizing the side effects.

Lipid-based Nanoplatforms in Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Rajpoot
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Medication Delivery ◽  
Lipid Nanocarriers ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Drug Nanocarriers

Though modern available cancer therapies are effective, they possess major adverse effects, causing non-compliance to patients. Furthermore, the majority of the polymeric-based medication platforms are certainly not universally acceptable, due to their several restrictions. With this juxtaposition, lipid-based medication delivery systems have appeared as promising drug nanocarriers to replace the majority of the polymer-based products because they are in a position to reverse polymer as well as, drug-associated restrictions. Furthermore, the amalgamation of the basic principle of nanotechnology in designing lipid nanocarriers, which are the latest form of lipid carriers, has tremendous chemotherapeutic possibilities as tumor-targeted drug-delivery pertaining to tumor therapy. Apart from this, it is reported that nearly 40% of the modern medication entities are lipophilic. Moreover, research continues to be efficient in attaining a significant understanding of the absorption and bioavailability of the developed lipids systems.

Hyaluronan based Multifunctional Nano-carriers for Combination Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghan Gao ◽  
Hong Deng ◽  
Weiqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Combination Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeting Strategy

: Hyaluronan (HA) is a natural linear polysaccharide that has excellent hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity, making it one of the most attractive biopolymers used for biomedical researches and applications. Due to the multiple functional sites on HA and its intrinsic affinity for CD44, a receptor highly expressed on various cancer cells, HA has been widely engineered to construct different drug-loading nanoparticles (NPs) for CD44- targeted anti-tumor therapy. When a cocktail of drugs is co-loaded in HA NP, a multifunctional nano-carriers could be obtained, which features as a highly effective and self-targeting strategy to combat the cancers with CD44 overexpression. The HA-based multidrug nano-carriers can be a combination of different drugs, various therapeutic modalities, or the integration of therapy and diagnostics (theranostics). Up to now, there are many types of HA-based multidrug nano-carriers constructed by different formulation strategies including drug co-conjugates, micelles, nano-gels and hybrid NP of HA and so on. This multidrug nano-carrier takes the full advantages of HA as NP matrix, drug carriers and targeting ligand, representing a simplified and biocompatible platform to realize the targeted and synergistic combination therapy against the cancers. In this review, recent progresses about HA-based multidrug nano-carriers for combination cancer therapy are summarized and its potential challenges for translational applications have been discussed.

Bi19S27I3 nanorods: a new candidate for photothermal therapy in the first and second biological near-infrared windows

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Xiong ◽  
Qinghuan Bian ◽  
Shuijin Lei ◽  
Yatian Deng ◽  
Kehan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Key Factor

Near-infrared (NIR) light induced photothermal cancer therapy using nanomaterials as photothermal agents has attracted considerable research interest over the past few years. As the key factor in the photothermal therapy...

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