scholarly journals Synthesis of Lipase-Immobilized CeO2 Nanorods as Heterogeneous Nano-Biocatalyst for Optimized Biodiesel Production from Eruca sativa Seed Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Fatima ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz ◽  
Hamid Mukhtar ◽  
Sadia Akram ◽  
Tooba Touqeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Before And After

Biodiesel has emerged as one of the most attractive alternative energy sources to meet the growing needs of energy. Many approaches have been adopted for biodiesel synthesis. In the present work, biodiesel was produced from non-edible Eruca sativa oil using nano-biocatalyst-catalysed transesterification. Nano-biocatalyst (CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase) was developed via the immobilization of lipase on polydopamine coated ceria nanorods, and CeO2 nanorods were developed via a hydrothermal process. The mean diameter of nanorods were measured to be 50–60 nm, while their mean length was 150–200 nm. Lipase activity before and after immobilization was measured to be 18.32 and 16.90 U/mg/min, respectively. The immobilized lipase depicted high stability at high temperature and pH. CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase-catalysed transesterification resulted in 89.3% yield of the product. Process optimization through response surface methodology was also executed, and it was depicted that the optimum/maximum E. sativa oil-based biodiesel yield was procured at conditions of 10% CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase, 6:1 methanol/oil ratio, 0.6% water content, 35 °C reaction temperature, and 30 h reaction time. The fuel compatibility of synthesized biodiesel was confirmed via the estimation of fuel properties that were in agreement with the ASTM D standard. The nanorods and dopamine-modified nanorods were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), while conversion of E. sativa oil to biodiesel was confirmed by GC/MS and FTIR spectroscopy. Conclusively, it was revealed that CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase has potential to be employed as an emphatic nano-biocatalyst.

scholarly journals Physical Methods of Microalgal Biomass Pretreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Piasecka ◽  
Izabela Krzemińska ◽  
Jerzy Tys
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biomass Pretreatment ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Wet Biomass ◽  
Microwave Techniques

Abstract The prospect of depletion of natural energy resources on the Earth forces researchers to seek and explore new and alternative energy sources. Biomass is a composite resource that can be used in many ways leading to diversity of products. Therefore, microalgal biomass offers great potential. The main aim of this study is to find the best physical method of microalgal biomass pretreatment that guarantees efficient lipid extraction. These studies identifies biochemical composition of microalgal biomass as source for biodisel production. The influence of drying at different temperatures and lyophilization was investigated. In addition, wet and untreated biomass was examined. Cell disruption (sonication and microwave) techniques were used to improve lipid extraction from wet biomass. Additionally, two different extraction methods were carried out to select the best method of crude oil extraction. The results of this study show that wet biomass after sonication is the most suitable for extraction. The fatty acid composition of microalgal biomass includes linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linolenic acid (C18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which play a key role in biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Biomass Production and Ester Synthesis byIn SituTransesterification/Esterification Using the MicroalgaSpirulina platensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Rodrigues da Silva Baumgartner ◽  
Jorge Augusto Mendes Burak ◽  
Dirceu Baumgartner ◽  
Gisella Maria Zanin ◽  
Pedro Augusto Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Acid Transesterification

The increasing energy demand and reduction in the availability of nonrenewable energy sources, allied with an increase in public environmental awareness, have stimulated a search for alternative energy sources. The present study was aimed at producing biomass from the microalgaSpirulina platensisand at assessingin situsynthesis of alkyl esters via acid transesterification/esterification of biomass to produce biodiesel. Two alcohols (ethanol and methanol) and two cosolvents (hexane and chloroform) were tested, at different temperatures (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90°C) and reaction times (10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 min). The factorial analysis of variance detected an interaction between the factors (): temperature, reaction time, alcohol, and cosolvent. The best yields were obtained with the combination ethanol and chloroform at 60°C, after 30 min of reaction, and with hexane at 45°C, after 10 min of reaction.In situtransesterification/esterification of alga biomass to form esters for biodiesel production adds unconventional dynamics to the use of this feedstock.

scholarly journals The Role of ICT in Supporting Spent Coffee Grounds Collection and Valorization: A Quantitative Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Bottani ◽  
Letizia Tebaldi ◽  
Andrea Volpi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Information And Communication

As never before, there is nowadays the will to consider alternative energy sources from renewable and waste materials so as to preserve planet and society. One of the possible elements suitable for this purpose is every day in our houses: Coffee. Or rather, spent coffee grounds. Indeed, many studies in recent years have addressed its potential exploitation, especially for biodiesel production; recent works also pointed out its possible thermal valorization for industrial processes. In light of this, this paper proposes a new sustainable use of spent coffee grounds, converted into combustible pellets; this source can then be used not only for industrial heaters, but also for public or private buildings. To this end, a feasibility study of a pellet production plant fed by waste collected by vending companies operating in the North of Italy is developed, including the logistic model supported by an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) system to help gather spent coffee grounds from the different companies and collect them into the pellet production facility.

scholarly journals Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel: A Lucrative Recipe for Pakistan’s Energy Sector

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Haseeb Yaqoob ◽  
Yew Heng Teoh ◽  
Farooq Sher ◽  
Muhammad Umair Ashraf ◽  
Sana Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs

One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is to fulfill the growing energy needs sustainably and cost-effectively. Among the different sources of energy, biodiesel is one of the alternative energy sources that has tremendous potential to become a major mainstream renewable energy mix. Jatropha is an important raw input for biodiesel that provides an ecological and sustainable solution for emerging greenhouse gas emissions over the other biomass feedstock. This paper critically evaluates different factors and presents a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) and barriers to the adoption of Jatropha biodiesel. In Pakistan, the estimated production of Jatropha biodiesel is expected to be 2.93 million tons, that are calculated from available barren land and possible shortlisted suitable areas for Jatropha plantation. It is ~25% of the total import (11.84 million tons) of petroleum products, which can save ~$2 billion USD reserves of Pakistan. The cultivation of Jatropha on barren land is an environmentally and economically lucrative approach for Pakistan. This study has real implications for developing a policy framework related to the environment and socio-economic feasibility of Jatropha biodiesel production in Pakistan.

scholarly journals An Efficient and Stable Magnetic Nano-Biocatalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis in Recyclable Ionic Liquids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Xing ◽  
Zi Wen Zhou ◽  
Yun Jie Wei ◽  
Yan Hong Liu ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Imidazolium Cation ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Abstract Transesterification of jatropha oil obtaining process was studied for biodiesel production. Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) immobilized on 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 was employed as a biocatalyst. The immobilized lipase was confirmed by scanning electron microcopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) techniques. The efficient biodiesel synthesis in ionic liquids using immobilized RML was demonstrated. Fifteen kinds of ionic liquids based on different alkyl chain lengths of the methyl imidazolium cation ([C2MIM], [C4MIM], [C8MIM], [C12MIM] and [C16MIM]) combined with [NTf2], [N(CN)2], [PF6] or [BF4] anions were assayed as reaction media for RML producing biodiesel. The highest synthetic activity of immobilized RML appeared in [BMIM][PF6], which is more than five times higher than the free enzyme. The enzyme catalytic activity remained 60% even after the magnetic nano-biocatalyst and ionic liquid had been reused 5 times in a 48-hour reaction cycle. In addition, the immobilized enzyme exhibited excellent storage stability with almost no decrease in catalytic activity after storing at -20°C for 98 days.

BIOMASS AND ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF MARALFALFA GRASS (Cenchrus purpureus Schumach.) Morrone CULTIVATED IN WARM SUBHUMID CLIMATE TO PRODUCE BIOETHANOL

Agrociencia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-401
Author(s):  
Joel Ventura Ríos ◽  
José A. Honorato Salazar ◽  
Mario A. Santiago Ortega ◽  
Iliana Barrera Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Harvest Frequency

Biofuels are a sustainable energy option that can contribute to solve some current environmental problems. For example, it seems imperative to find alternative energy sources; and among them adequate and sustainable raw materials to produce biofuels, such as bioethanol. This study, under the assumption that Maralfalfa grass would be a suitable substrate to produce biofuel, aimed at evaluating the biomass yield, chemical composition, and theoretical bioethanol production of Maralfalfa grass (C. purpureus Schumach.) Morrone harvested at three cutting frequencies (CF). Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete blocks design with split-plots arrangement and three replicates. Analysis of variance was done with GLM procedure and means were compared with Tukey test (p≤0.05). At 120 d, the lignocellulosic material content was the highest (p≤0.05) with 66% of holocellulose, 30% hemicellulose, 22% lignin, 1.8% acid soluble lignin, 20% acid insoluble lignin, 26% acid insoluble residue, and 6.2% ashes. The highest concentration of extractives compounds was found at 150 d harvest frequency (15.5%; p≤0.05), while the highest biomass production (32.6 Mg ha-1 y-1), calorific value (21.0 MJ kg-1), and bioethanol production (239.9 L Mg-1 MS-1) was obtained at the 180 d (p≤0.05). No significant changes were found for crude protein (p>0.05). Results showed that Maralfalfa grass (C. purpureus Schumach.) Morrone is an attractive alternative for bioethanol production due to high biomass yield and chemical composition at short harvesting times.

Development of the algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Khlyupin ◽  
G. N. Ispulaeva
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Wind Generator ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: The co-authors provide an overview of the main types of wind turbines and power generators installed into wind energy devices, as well as advanced technological solutions. The co-authors have identified the principal strengths and weaknesses of existing wind power generators, if applied as alternative energy sources. The co-authors have proven the need to develop an algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system in the course of designing windmill farms in Russia. Methods: The co-authors have analyzed several types of wind turbines and power generators. Results and discussions: The algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system is presented as a first approximation. Conclusion: The emerging algorithm enables designers to develop an effective wind generator-based autonomous power supply system.

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