scholarly journals UV-Catalyzed Persulfate Oxidation of an Anthraquinone Based Dye

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Krawczyk ◽  
Stanisław Wacławek ◽  
Edyta Kudlek ◽  
Daniele Silvestri ◽  
Tomasz Kukulski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Quantum Chemical Analysis ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Anthraquinone Dye ◽  
Persulfate Oxidation

Wastewater from the textile industry has a substantial impact on water quality. Synthetic dyes used in the textile production process are often discharged into water bodies as residues. Highly colored wastewater causes various of problems for the aquatic environment such as: reducing light penetration, inhibiting photosynthesis and being toxic to certain organisms. Since most dyes are resistant to biodegradation and are not completely removed by conventional methods (adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, activated sludge, membrane filtration) they persist in the environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been proven to decolorize only some of the dyes from wastewater by photocatalysis. In this article, we compared two very different photocatalytic systems (UV/peroxydisulfate and UV/H2O2). Photocatalyzed activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) generated sulfate radicals (SO4•−), which reacted with the selected anthraquinone dye of concern, Acid Blue 129 (AB129). Various conditions, such as pH and concentration of PDS were applied, in order to obtain an effective decolorization effect, which was significantly better than in the case of hydroxyl radicals. The kinetics of the reaction followed a pseudo-first order model. The main reaction pathway was also proposed based on quantum chemical analysis. Moreover, the toxicity of the solution after treatment was evaluated using Daphnia magna and Lemna minor, and was found to be significantly lower compared to the toxicity of the initial dye.

scholarly journals Dye Removal from Water and Wastewater Using Various Physical, Chemical, and Biological Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Piaskowski ◽  
Renata Świderska-Dąbrowska ◽  
Paweł K Zarzycki
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Exchange Adsorption ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Synthetic Colorants

Abstract Synthetic dyes or colorants are key chemicals for various industries producing textiles, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, printer inks, leather, and plastics. Nowadays, the textile industry is the major consumer of dyes. The mass of synthetic colorants used by this industry is estimated at the level of 1 ÷ 3 × 105 tons, in comparison with the total annual consumption of around 7 × 105 tons worldwide. Synthetic dyes are relatively easy to detect but difficult to eliminate from wastewater and surface water ecosystems because of their aromatic chemical structure. It should be highlighted that the relatively high stability of synthetic dyes leads to health and ecological concerns due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic nature. Currently, removal of such chemicals from wastewater involves various techniques, including flocculation/coagulation, precipitation, photocatalytic degradation, biological oxidation, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane filtration. In this review, a number of classical and modern technologies for synthetic dye removal from industry-originated wastewater were summarized and discussed. There is an increasing interest in the application of waste organic materials (e.g., compounds extracted from orange bagasse, fungus biosorbent, or green algal biomasses) as effective, low-cost, and ecologically friendly sorbents. Moreover, a number of dye removal processes are based on newly discovered carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes and graphene as well as their derivatives).

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Arsenic Contaminated Water Using Aquatic, Semi-Aquatic and Submerged Weeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibakar Roy ◽  
Dasari Sreekanth ◽  
Deepak Pawar ◽  
Himanshu Mahawar ◽  
Kamal K. Barman
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
The One ◽  
Co Precipitation

Arsenic (As) is the one the most toxic element present in earth which poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Arsenic contamination of drinking water in South and Southeast Asia reported one of the most threatening problems that causes serious health hazard of millions of people of India and Bangladesh. Further, use of arsenic contaminated ground water for irrigation purpose causes entry of arsenic in food crops, especially in Rice and other vegetable crops. Currently various chemical technologies utilized for As removal from contaminated water like adsorption and co-precipitation using salts, activated charcoal, ion exchange, membrane filtration etc. are very costly and cannot be used for large scale for drinking and agriculture use. In contrast, phytoremediation utilizes green plats to remove pollutants from contaminated water using various mechanisms such as rhizofiltration, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytodegrartion and phytovolatilization. A large numbers of terrestrial and aquatic weed flora have been identified so far having hyper metal, metalloid and organic pollutant removal capacity. Among the terrestrial weed flora Arundo donax, Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, Vetivaria zizinoids etc. are the hyper As accumulator. Similarly Eicchornea crassipes (Water hyacinth), Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce), Lemna minor (duck weed), Hyrdilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Spirodella polyrhiza, Azola, Wolfia spp., etc. are also capable to extract higher amount of arsenic from contaminated water. These weed flora having As tolerance mechanism in their system and thus remediate As contaminated water vis-à-vis continue their life cycle. In this chapter we will discuss about As extraction potential of various aquatic and semi aquatic weeds from contaminated water, their tolerance mechanism, future scope and their application in future world mitigating As contamination in water resources.

Investigating the Potential Use of Papaya Leaf Extract as Natural Dyes in the Textile Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Suharno Rusdi ◽  
Huda F. Maulana ◽  
Nuriaji L. Samudro ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Washing Method ◽  
Solid Liquid

Synthetic dyes are widely used in the majority of the large textile industry. The use of synthetic dyes can cause water pollution from sewage disposal of the textile industry. Some types of synthetic dyes contain heavy metals that are harmful to human health and can damage the environment. With increasing awareness of the current environmental problems, people begin to focus on returning back to natural dyes. These natural dyes can be extracted from various parts of plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, wood or stems, and roots. Papaya leaves have the potential to be used as a basic ingredient to make natural dyes due to fairly high chlorophyll content. Therefore, we took the initiative to conduct research on the production of natural dyes from papaya leaf extract. Papaya leaf extract was produced by using a solid-liquid extraction process using two different solvents, ethanol (96%) and n-hexane. From the results of the study, it was found that the most optimum extract results in the extraction process was about 2.20% of the raw material of dried papaya leaves by using ethanol solvent. The prepared cotton cloth was then colored with papaya leaf extract through three simple steps, namely: mordanting, dyeing, and fixation. Fabric staining results then tested its fastness by two methods, namely the rub method and the washing method with soap. From the test results it was found that the fabric which was dyed with papaya leaf extract was not too resistant to fade from rubbing and soap washing. Therefore, further research is needed, such as using other agents during the mordanting and fixation processes.

scholarly journals Enhanced Photodegradation of Synthetic Dyes Mediated by Ag3PO4-Based Semiconductors under Visible Light Irradiation

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Pavanello ◽  
Alejandro Blasco ◽  
Peter F. Johnston ◽  
Miguel A. Miranda ◽  
Maria Luisa Marin
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Direct Excitation ◽  
Brilliant Blue Fcf

Four silver phosphate-based materials were successfully synthesized, characterized, and evaluated, together with TiO2, in the photodegradation of synthetic dyes (tartrazine, Orange II, rhodamine, and Brilliant Blue FCF) under two irradiation sources centered at 420 and 450 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed different topologies of the synthesized materials, whereas diffuse reflectance spectra demonstrated that they display absorption up to 500 nm. Degradation experiments were performed in parallel with the silver materials and TiO2. Upon irradiation centered at 420 nm, the abatement of the dyes was slightly more efficient in the case of TiO2—except for Orange II. Nevertheless, upon irradiation centered at 450 nm, TiO2 demonstrated complete inefficiency and silver phosphates accomplished the complete abatement of the dyes—except for Brilliant Blue FCF. A careful analysis of the achieved degradation of dyes revealed that the main reaction mechanism involves electron transfer to the photogenerated holes in the valence band of silver photocatalysts, together with the direct excitation of dyes and the subsequent formation of reactive species. The performance of TiO2 was only comparable at the shorter wavelength when hydroxyl radicals could be formed; however, it could not compete under irradiation at 450 nm since the formed superoxide anion is not as reactive as hydroxyl radicals.

scholarly journals Density Functional Theory Based Micro- and Macro-Kinetic Studies of Ni-Catalyzed Methanol Steam Reforming

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changming Ke ◽  
Zijing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Elementary Reaction ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Methanol Steam Reforming ◽  
Surface Species ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Microkinetic Model

The intrinsic mechanism of Ni-catalyzed methanol steam reforming (MSR) is examined by considering 54 elementary reaction steps involved in MSR over Ni(111). Density functional theory computations and transition state theory analyses are performed on the elementary reaction network. A microkinetic model is constructed by combining the quantum chemical results with a continuous stirring tank reactor model. MSR rates deduced from the microkinetic model agree with the available experimental data. The microkinetic model is used to identify the main reaction pathway, the rate determining step, and the coverages of surface species. An analytical expression of MSR rate is derived based on the dominant reaction pathway and the coverages of surface species. The analytical rate equation is easy to use and should be very helpful for the design and optimization of the operating conditions of MSR.

Pigment Printing of Natural Dye from Red Mangrove Bark on Silk Fabrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monthon Nakpathom ◽  
Buppha Somboon ◽  
Nootsara Narumol
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Thickening Agents ◽  
Significant Attention

Recently, the use of natural dyes in textile industry has gained more significant attention owing to environmental concern on the use of certain toxic synthetic dyes. In this research, pigment printing of silk fabrics with natural dye from red mangrove bark has been investigated. Three types of thickening agents, i.e., synthetic thickener, sodium alginate and tex gum were used to prepare printing pastes. In addition, the effects of dye concentration and steaming time during fixation step on color strength in term of K/S values were evaluated. The results on color fastness to washing and light as well as stiffness of the printed fabrics were also reported.

Silaheterocyclen, XX Aminosubstituierte Vinylchlorsilane und Silaethene: Bausteine zur Synthese von 1,3-Diaza-2-silacyclopentanen / Silaheterocycles, XX Aminosubstituted Vinylchlorosilanes and Silenes: Building Blocks for the Synthesis of 1,3-Diaza-2-silacyclopentanes

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Auner ◽  
Erika Penzenstadler ◽  
Eberhardt Herdtweck
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Addition Product ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Intramolecular Rearrangement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Great Tendency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Frame Work

The amino-substituted vinylchlorosilanes 4-7 are synthesized from N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine (8a) or tris(trimethylsilyl)ethylenediamine (8b), Li Bun and organodichlorovinylsilanes. 5 eliminates trimethylchlorosilane when distilled and yields 1,3-diaza-2-silacyclopentane 9, whereas the compounds 6 and 7 show a great tendency to oligomerize. The reaction of 4 with LiBut gives a neopentylsilene intermediate 10 a which can be trapped by isoprene or 1,3-butadiene yielding small amounts of the Diels-Alder products 11 and 12, respectively. The main reaction pathway for 10 a is rearrangement with migration of a Me3Sigroup from nitrogen to the silene’s carbon atom and a new N—Si bond formation to give the diazasilacyclopentane 10 which has been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. This intramolecular rearrangement appears to involve a pentacoordinated silene Si-atom. No dimerisation of 10a to a disilacyclobutane is observed. The introduction of a second Si-tris(trimethylsilyl)ethylenediamine substituent at the SiC frame work does not result in silene stabilisation: there is no evidence for Si-hexacoordination in silene 15 nor in the [4+2] cyclo-addition product with isoprene (14).

scholarly journals Discoloration and mineralization of a textile azo dye using a hybrid UV/O3/SBR process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakimeh Mahdizadeh ◽  
Yousef Dadban Shahamat ◽  
Susana Rodríguez-Couto
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Reactive Red 198 ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Ozonation Process

AbstractMost synthetic dyes are toxic and hardly biodegradable compounds that enter the environment mainly through the discharged of non-treated textile industry effluents. The present study investigated the removal of the textile monoazo dye Reactive Red 198 (RR-198) from aqueous solutions using the ultraviolet light and ozonation alone and in combination (i.e., UV/O3) followed by a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). The pH (5 ≤ pH ≤ 9) and dye initial concentration (50–300 mg/L) parameters were optimized in the ozonation process at reaction time of 0–60 min. Then, TOC removal and dye discoloration percentage was compared with the O3, UV and O3/UV processes. In order to compare the performance of the SBR in dye discoloration of RR-198 and TOC removal, four types of effluent, including Raw dye, O3-pretreated dye, UV-treated dye and UV/O3-pretreated dye were separately treated in the SBR system. In the ozonation process, by increasing the pH and reducing the initial dye concentration increased the discoloration percentage. The highest dye discoloration percentage and TOC removal obtained in the hybrid UV/O3/SBR process. Combining biological systems and Advanced Oxidation Processes is an appropriate option for the decomposition of resistant pollutants and increasing the biodegradability of these compounds and is applicable in the water and wastewater industry.

scholarly journals Aspergillus sp. For Indigosol Blue and Remazol Brilliant Blue R Decolorization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Fitria Ayudi Ulfimaturahmah ◽  
Ratna Stia Dewi ◽  
Ajeng Arum Sari
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Remazol Brilliant Blue R ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Synthetic dyes are artificial dyes manufactured by Industry and commonly used for the textile industry. These dyes had potentially caused an environmental problem. Many types of dyes are recalcitrant and have toxic properties for living organisms. It can be removed by decolorization method, especially a biological decolorization by fungi. Fungi were chosen due to the ability to degrade toxic components. Aspergillus sp. is the fungi which commonly used for dye decolorization. It might be caused that Aspergillus sp. is one type of fungi lived in the textile waste and expected not to die in the dye decolorization treatment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the ability of the mycelia pellets of Aspergillus sp to decolorized Indigosol Blue dye and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye. This research showed that mycelial pellets of Aspergillus sp. had high activity of decolorization of Indigosol Blue dye up to 85.37% and RBBR dye up to 80.21% and caused low pH value after 24 hour incubation time compared to the control solution.

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