scholarly journals Conversion of Oxygenates on H-ZSM-5 Zeolites—Effects of Feed Structure and Si/Al Ratio on the Product Quality

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Torsten Gille ◽  
Markus Seifert ◽  
Mathias S. Marschall ◽  
Sascha Bredow ◽  
Tobias Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Network ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subsequent Integration

The conversion of different biogenic feedstocks to hydrocarbons is a major challenge when ensuring hydrocarbon and fuel supply in spite of the heterogeneity of this feed. Flexible adaptation to changing compositions is mandatory for the respective processes. In this study, different oxygenate model feeds, such as alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and esters, were converted at 500 °C and 5 barg H2 using H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts with various Si/Al ratios to identify the relationship between the feed structure and the final product distribution. As the main outcome, the product distribution becomes increasingly independent of the feed structure for Al-rich H-ZSM-5 catalyst samples at low Time on Stream (ToS). Some minor exceptions are the increased formation of aromatics during ToS for carbonyl oxygenates compared to primary alcohols and the dominance of initial deoxygenation products for Si-rich H-ZSM-5 samples. This is interpreted by a multi-stage reaction sequence, which involves the initial deoxygenation of the feed and the subsequent integration of the olefin intermediates into a reaction network. The results pave the way towards the achievement of a desired product distribution in the conversion of different oxygenates simply by the adaption of the Al content of H-ZSM-5.

Investigating the relationship between housing satisfaction and quality of life in the decayed historic areas of Isfahan using path diagram

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esfandiar Zebardast ◽  
Homayoon Nooraie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Housing Satisfaction ◽  
Space Factor ◽  
Path Diagram ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Historic Areas ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to survey the decayed historic areas of Isfahan (DHI) in order to determine the relationship between housing satisfaction and quality of life. The related literature on quality of life was reviewed and WHOQOL-BREF model was selected for measuring the quality of life as a whole; also, 17 indicators depicting the housing domain of quality of life were chosen for the purposes of this study. A multi-stage sampling technique was applied to data collection. For data analysis, firstly, the data obtained on 17 indicators of housing domain of quality of life were analysed using factor analysis. The factors extracted are housing quality, housing space, security of tenure and housing affiliation. Secondly, a path diagram was applied to obtain the relation between housing satisfaction sub-domains and the domains of quality of life as a whole. The results indicate that the housing space was the most effective sub-domain of housing on the domains of quality of life as a whole. We also found that in order to improve the housing domain of quality of life in the DHI, due attention should be paid to housing quality factor and to improve quality of life as a whole in these areas, it is also necessary to pay attention to housing space factor.

scholarly journals FEM modeling on the compaction of Fe and Al composite powders

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Han ◽  
X.Z. An ◽  
Y.X. Zhang ◽  
Z.S. Zou
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Ejection Force ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
The Relationship

The compaction process of Fe and Al composite powders subjected to single action die compaction was numerically modeled by FEM method. The relationship between the overall relative density and compaction pressure of the compacts with various Al contents was firstly identified, and the influences of Al content on the local relative density, stress, and their distributions were studied. Then the compaction pressure effects on the above properties with fixed Al content were discussed. Furthermore, detailed flow behaviors of the composite powders during compaction and the relationship between the compaction pressure and the ejection force/spring back of the compact were analyzed. The results show that: (1) With each compaction pressure, higher relative density can be realized with the increase of Al content and the relative density distribution tends to be uniform; (2) When the Al content is fixed, higher compaction pressure can lead to composite compact with higher relative density, and the equivalent Von Mises stress in the central part of the compact increases gradually; (3) Convective flow occurs at the top and bottom parts of the compact close to the die wall, each indicates a different flow behavior; (4) The larger the compaction pressure for each case, the higher the residual elasticity, and the larger the ejection force needed.

Collaborative Technologies and Innovation in SMEs

2010 ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Angel L. Meroño-Cerdan ◽  
Pedro Soto-Acosta ◽  
Carolina Lopez-Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Collaborative Technologies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study seeks to assess the impact of collaborative technologies on innovation at the firm level. Collaborative technologies’ influence on innovation is considered here as a multi-stage process that starts at adoption and extends to use. Thus, the effect of collaborative technologies on innovation is examined not only directly, the simple presence of collaborative technologies, but also based on actual collaborative technologies’ use. Given the fact that firms can use this technology for different purposes, collaborative technologies’ use is measured according to three orientations: e-information, e-communication and e-workflow. To achieve these objectives, a research model is developed for assessing, on the one hand, the impact of the adoption and use of collaborative technologies on innovation and, on the other hand, the relationship between adoption and use of collaborative technologies. The research model is tested using a dataset of 310 Spanish SMEs. The results showed that collaborative technologies’ adoption is positively related to innovation. Also, as hypothesized, distinct collaborative technologies were found to be associated to different uses. In addition, the study found that while e-information had a positive and significant impact on innovation, e-communication and e-workflow did not.

scholarly journals Methanol promoted naphtha catalytic pyrolysis to light olefins on Zn-modified high-silicon HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 20818-20828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-tong Cheng ◽  
Ben-xian Shen ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Ji-gang Zhao ◽  
Ji-chang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Catalytic Reactivity ◽  
High Silicon ◽  
The Relationship

Exploring the relationship between the properties and catalytic reactivity of the Zn-modified high-silicon ZSM-5 in the methanol/naphtha coupling reaction and achieving the efficient utilization of naphtha.

scholarly journals Study on Damage Evolution and Resistivity Variation Regularities of Coal Mass Under Multi-Stage Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangchun Li ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Damage Evolution ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Coal Mass ◽  
Damage Variable ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Resistivity Variation ◽  
The Relationship

In order to describe resistivity variation regularities during the process of damage evolution of loading coal mass more comprehensively and accurately, electrical resistivity and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of coal mass were tested by 3532-50 LCR tester and AMSY-6 AE data acquisition system under the condition of multi-stage loading, and resistivity variation characteristics were analyzed with stress changing. The damage evolution process of coal mass was studied by the measurement of the AE parameters, and the resistivity curve was obtained in the damage conditions based on the relationship between the AE damage variable and the resistivity. The results show that resistivity and stress curves of coal mass have a good correspondence during the multi-stage loading, and the resistivity shows a trend of fluctuating downward with the increasing of stress. The resistivity increases sharply to the maximum value when the load increases to the ultimate compressive strength of specimens. AE information can reveal effectively damage evolution process of microcracks formation, expansion and fracture in coal mass under external force, and during multi-stage loading, the cumulative AE ringing counts curve of coal mass have three different types of growth trends: stable stage, sudden change stage, gradual increasing stage. Meanwhile, the relationship between resistivity and AE damage variable is established based on the formula of damage variable under uniaxial compression and combined with continuous damage mechanics, and its rationality is verified.

scholarly journals Effect of Al content on the strength of terminal silanol species in ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts: a quantitative DRIFTS study without the use of molar extinction coefficients

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 4250-4262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Bräuer ◽  
Olivia Situmorang ◽  
Pey Ling Ng ◽  
Carmine D’Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Extinction Coefficients ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Molar Extinction Coefficients

DRIFTS is used to quantify the effect of Al content on the strength of silanol sites in ZSM-5 zeolites. The applied protocol does not require the use of molar extinction coefficients.

scholarly journals Moderating Effects of Teachers’ Teaching Experience on Home Learning Associated with Literacy Skills among Chinese Preschoolers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Chan Mei Yee ◽  
Zarinah Arshat
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Home Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

<p>This study was designed to determine the influence of home learning on Chinese preschoolers’ literacy skills is likely to be moderated by the level of teacher’s teaching experience. There were 136 preschoolers aged ranged between three to six years old with their parents and teachers recruited in this study using a Multi-Stage Cluster sampling technique. The results of the Hierarchical Multiple Regression analysis indicate that teacher’s teaching experience has a significant moderating effect on the strengths of the relationship between home learning and preschoolers’ literacy skills. Further research is needed to investigate more deeply to identify whether these relationships are upheld over time and with diverse sample. </p>

The environmental product variety and retail rents on central urban shopping areas: A multi-stage spatial data mining method

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832096660
Author(s):  
Tony Shun-Te Yuo ◽  
Tzuhui Angie Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Spatial Data Mining ◽  
The Core ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between various measures of environmental product variety and retail rents in central urban shopping areas. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based detailed survey database, this research identified 34 layers of environmental product variety in the most representative single-centred shopping areas of the six largest cities in Taiwan. This research extracted layers of product variety and other measures of product variety, such as the number of layers of product variety above each point of interest, the density, the Core/Periphery factor scores, the Shannon entropy index, the Simpson diversity index and the Herfindahl–Hirschman index of each street line buffer area. The proposed method was used to generate three-dimensional maps of the rent gradient and the extracted core and periphery layers of product variety. Thus, a tool was developed for examining the variety features from various angles. The results showed that, in general, the higher the product variety, the higher the rents. Nevertheless, the scores for the core and periphery of the environmental product variety were the dominant determinants; street line buffer areas can only have lower rents if they lacked the correct (i.e. the core layers) environmental product variety, even if they have higher measurements of other variety features.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Gender and Psychological Well-Being

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Mohsen Khanbani ◽  
Asghar Aghaee ◽  
Mohsen Gol Parvar
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was" Examine the relationship between gender and psychological well-being" (Self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery and personal growth) among married men and women in Isfahan.The research sample included men and women who have been living together for 5 to 10 years.For this purpose, the sample consisted of 231 couples based on a multi-stage sampling selected and studied.The research method was descriptive, causal-comparative. Research tools was Psychological well-being questionnaire Reef (2009).The results showed that there was significant difference between men and women in positive relations with others, environmental mastery and personal growth (p≤0.01) . But there was no significant relationship in self-acceptance and Autonomy.

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