scholarly journals Identification of Lung and Blood Microbiota Implicated in COVID-19 Prognosis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Kypros Dereschuk ◽  
Lauren Apostol ◽  
Ishan Ranjan ◽  
Jaideep Chakladar ◽  
Wei Tse Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Immune Therapies ◽  
Blood Microbiota

The implications of the microbiome on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognosis has not been thoroughly studied. In this study we aimed to characterize the lung and blood microbiome and their implication on COVID-19 prognosis through analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples, lung biopsy samples, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. In all three tissue types, we found panels of microbes differentially abundant between COVID-19 and normal samples correlated to immune dysregulation and upregulation of inflammatory pathways, including key cytokine pathways such as interleukin (IL)-2, 3, 5-10 and 23 signaling pathways and downregulation of anti-inflammatory pathways including IL-4 signaling. In the PBMC samples, six microbes were correlated with worse COVID-19 severity, and one microbe was correlated with improved COVID-19 severity. Collectively, our findings contribute to the understanding of the human microbiome and suggest interplay between our identified microbes and key inflammatory pathways which may be leveraged in the development of immune therapies for treating COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals CD31+, CD38+, CD44+, and CD103+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung biopsy tissue in sarcoid patients and controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2300-2318
Author(s):  
Regina Aleksonienė ◽  
Justinas Besusparis ◽  
Vygantas Gruslys ◽  
Laimutė Jurgauskienė ◽  
Aida Laurinavičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Biopsy Tissue

scholarly journals LncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1 Differentiate Inflammation in Severe COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Huang ◽  
Catherine Wang ◽  
Christen Vagts ◽  
Vanitha Raguveer ◽  
Patricia Finn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Cell Stress ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Apoptosis Regulation

Hyperactive and damaging inflammation is a hallmark of severe rather than mild COVID-19 syndrome. To uncover key inflammatory differentiators between severe and mild COVID-19 disease, we applied an unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analysis. We integrated a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) dataset with a peripheral blood mononuclear cell dataset (PBMC) and analyzed the combined cell population, focusing on genes associated with disease severity. Distinct cell populations were detected in both BAL and PBMC where the immunomodulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1 were highly differentially expressed between mild and severe patients. The detection of other severity associated genes involved in cellular stress response and apoptosis regulation suggests that the pro-inflammatory functions of these lncRNAs may foster cell stress and damage. The lncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1 are potential components of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 that may provide targets for severity related diagnostic measures or therapy.

scholarly journals Peramivir, an anti-influenza virus drug, exhibits potential anti-cytokine storm effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-xi Zhang ◽  
Ye Tu ◽  
De-pei Kong ◽  
Yinghua Li ◽  
Da-gui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Storm Effects ◽  
Tnf Α

AbstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus −2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a public health emergency of international concerns. Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a critical clinical symptom of severe COVID-19 patients, and the macrophage is recognized as the direct host cell of SARS-CoV-2 and potential drivers of CSS. In the present study, peramivir was identified to reduce TNF-α by partly intervention of NF-κB activity in LPS-induced macrophage model. In vivo, peramivir reduced the multi-cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), alleviated the acute lung injury and prolonged the survival time in mice. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs), peramivir could also inhibit the release of TNF-α. Collectively, we proposed that peramivir might be a candidate for the treatment of COVID-19 and other infections related CSS.Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Acute fibrinous and organizing pfneumonia: two case reports and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihong Chen ◽  
Yukun Kuang ◽  
Xinyan Huang ◽  
Ziyin Ye ◽  
Yangli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Organizing Pneumonia ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Percutaneous Lung Biopsy

Abstract Background Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare histologic interstitial pneumonia pattern characterized by the intra-alveolar fibrin deposition and organizing pneumonia. Its clinical characteristics are still not well known and there is no consensus on treatment yet. Case presentation We report two female cases in their fifties diagnosed with AFOP confirmed by a second lung biopsy. Case 1 was idiopathic AFOP with manifestation of 6-week fever, dyspnea, and cough, while case 2 was secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus and fever was the major symptom. Their chest CT scans revealed bilateral multiple consolidations, predominantly in the lower lobes. Both cases were initially diagnosed with pneumonia, but did not improve after treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. In both cases, transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination were inconclusive and the pathological diagnosis was confirmed by percutaneous lung biopsy. Both patients had a good clinical response to prednisone. Conclusions We report two rare AFOP cases to highlight the importance of awareness of this disease. We further perform the most comprehensive review to date in AFOP, including 150 patients since 2002. Consolidation was the most common imaging pattern, followed by ground-glass opacity and nodules. A lung biopsy is required for a definitive diagnosis. Corticosteroids is recommended as the most effective therapy, but treatment options should depend on the etiology and disease severity.

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