scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Cardiac Diseases

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M.W. Colpaert ◽  
Martina Calore
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Inherited Cardiomyopathies ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Since their discovery 20 years ago, microRNAs have been related to posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in major cardiac physiological and pathological processes. We know now that cardiac muscle phenotypes are tightly regulated by multiple noncoding RNA species to maintain cardiac homeostasis. Upon stress or various pathological conditions, this class of non-coding RNAs has been found to modulate different cardiac pathological conditions, such as contractility, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, and inherited cardiomyopathies. This review summarizes and updates microRNAs playing a role in the different processes underlying the pathogenic phenotypes of cardiac muscle and highlights their potential role as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

MicroRNAs in domestic livestock

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (16) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attia Fatima ◽  
Dermot G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Temporal Expression Pattern ◽  
Mrna Binding

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNA that bind to complementary sequences in the untranslated regions of multiple target mRNAs resulting in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. The recent discovery and expression-profiling studies of miRNAs in domestic livestock have revealed both their tissue-specific and temporal expression pattern. In addition, breed-dependent expression patterns as well as single nucleotide polymorphisms in either the miRNA or in the target mRNA binding site have revealed associations with traits of economic importance and highlight the potential use of miRNAs in future genomic selection programs.

scholarly journals Human Long Noncoding RNA Interactome: Detection, Characterization and Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierczyk ◽  
Kasprowicz ◽  
Kasprzyk ◽  
Wrzesinski
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The application of a new generation of sequencing techniques has revealed that most of the genome has already been transcribed. However, only a small part of the genome codes proteins. The rest of the genome "dark matter” belongs to divergent groups of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), that is not translated into proteins. There are two groups of ncRNAs, which include small and long non-coding RNAs (sncRNA and lncRNA respectively). Over the last decade, there has been an increased interest in lncRNAs and their interaction with cellular components. In this review, we presented the newest information about the human lncRNA interactome. The term lncRNA interactome refers to cellular biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides that interact with lncRNA. The lncRNA interactome was characterized in the last decade, however, understanding what role the biomolecules associated with lncRNA play and the nature of these interactions will allow us to better understand lncRNA's biological functions in the cell. We also describe a set of methods currently used for the detection of lncRNA interactome components and the analysis of their interactions. We think that such a holistic and integrated analysis of the lncRNA interactome will help to better understand its potential role in the development of organisms and cancers.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of MicroRNAs between Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium in Ovarian Endometriosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Filigheddu ◽  
Ilaria Gregnanin ◽  
Paolo E. Porporato ◽  
Daniela Surico ◽  
Beatrice Perego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Eutopic Endometrium ◽  
Ectopic Endometrium

Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, is a common gynecological disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. MicroRNAs are members of a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that have a critical role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by repression of target mRNAs translation. We assessed differentially expressed microRNAs in ectopic endometrium compared with eutopic endometrium in 3 patients through microarray analysis. We identified 50 microRNAs differentially expressed and the differential expression of five microRNAs was validated by real-time RT-PCR in other 13 patients. We identifiedin silicotheir predicted targets, several of which match the genes that have been identified to be differentially expressed in ectopicversuseutopic endometrium in studies of gene expression. A functional analysis of the predicted targets indicates that several of these are involved in molecular pathways implicated in endometriosis, thus strengthening the hypothesis of the role of microRNAs in this pathology.

scholarly journals A new cancer-testis long noncoding RNA, the OTP-AS1 RNA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliia K. Karnaukhova ◽  
Dmitrii E. Polev ◽  
Larisa L. Krukovskaya ◽  
Alexey E. Masharsky ◽  
Olga V. Nazarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Testis

AbstractOrthopedia homeobox (OTP) gene encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor involved in brain development. OTP is mapped to human chromosome 5q14.1. Earlier we described transcription in the second intron of this gene in wide variety of tumors, but among normal tissues only in testis. In GeneBank these transcripts are presented by several 300-400 nucleotides long AI267901-like ESTs.We assumed that AI267901-like ESTs belong to longer transcript(s). We used the Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) approach and other methods to find the full-length transcript. The found transcript was 2436 nucleotides long polyadenylated sequence in antisense to OTP gene. The corresponding gene consisted of two exons separated by an intron of 2961 bp long. The first exon was found to be 91 bp long and located in the third exon of OTP gene. The second exon was 2345bp long and located in the second intron of OTP gene.The search of possible open reading frames (ORFs) showed the lack of significant ORFs. We have shown the expression of new gene in many human tumors and only in one sampled normal testis. The data suggest that we discovered a new antisense cancer-testis sequence OTP-AS1 (OTP- antisense RNA 1), which belongs to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). According to our findings we assume that OTP-AS1 and OTP genes may be the CT-coding gene/CT-ncRNA pair involved in regulatory interactions.Author summaryPreviously, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were considered as genetic “noise”. However, it was later shown that only 2% of genomic transcripts have a protein-coding ability. Non-coding RNA is divided into short non-coding RNAs (20-200 nucleotides) and long noncoding RNAs (200-100,000 nucleotides). Genes encoding lncRNA often overlap or are adjacent to protein-coding genes, and localization of this kind is beneficial in order to regulate the transcription of neighboring genes. Studies have shown that of lncRNAs play many roles in the regulation of gene expression. New evidence indicates that dysfunctions of lncRNAs are associated with human diseases and cancer.In our study we found a new cancer-testis long noncoding RNA (OTP-AS1), which is an antisense of protein-coding cancer-testis gene (OTP). Thus, OTP-AS1 and OTP genes may be the CT-coding gene/CT-ncRNA pair involved in regulatory interactions. This is supported by the similar profile of their expression. OTP-AS1 may be of interest as a potential diagnostic marker of cancer or a potential target for cancer therapy.Part of OTP-AS1 gene (5’-end of the second exon) is evolutionary younger than the rest of gene sequence and is less conservative. This links OTP-AS1 gene with so-called TSEEN (tumor-specifically expressed, evolutionary novel) genes described by the authors in previous papers.

Micro-ribonucleic acids in head and neck cancer: an introduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (S2) ◽  
pp. S2-S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gunawardena ◽  
J Fitzgerald ◽  
A Morley ◽  
D J Hussey ◽  
C M Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Head And Neck Oncology ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Cycle Regulation

AbstractBackground and methods:Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Advances in management have not greatly altered overall survival. Over the last decade, there have been significant scientific advances in our knowledge of cell cycle regulation and the complex oncogenic processes. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs which are integral to the regulation of gene expression and which play a part in carcinogenesis. The literature on the role of microRNA in head and neck cancer is reviewed.Objective:To introduce the role and significance of microRNAs in head and neck cancer.Results:The possibilities of incorporating microRNAs into clinical practice are discussed, including their potential role in diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of metastatic spread, therapy and tumour surveillance.Conclusion:Discoveries in expression profiling of microRNA in head and neck oncology promise advancements in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of these cancers.

scholarly journals The miRNome of Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11312
Author(s):  
Dariusz Żurawek ◽  
Gustavo Turecki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Post Mortem Brain ◽  
Fine Tune

Depression is an effect of complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. It is well established that stress responses are associated with multiple modest and often dynamic molecular changes in the homeostatic balance, rather than with a single genetic factor that has a strong phenotypic penetration. As depression is a multifaceted phenotype, it is important to study biochemical pathways that can regulate the overall allostasis of the brain. One such biological system that has the potential to fine-tune a multitude of diverse molecular processes is RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is an epigenetic process showing a very low level of evolutionary diversity, and relies on the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression using, in the case of mammals, primarily short (17–23 nucleotides) noncoding RNA transcripts called microRNAs (miRNA). In this review, our objective was to examine, summarize and discuss recent advances in the field of biomedical and clinical research on the role of miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression in the development of depression. We focused on studies investigating post-mortem brain tissue of individuals with depression, as well as research aiming to elucidate the biomarker potential of miRNAs in depression and antidepressant response.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Cerebral Ischemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yongting Wang ◽  
Guo-Yuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

The risk of ischemic stroke increases substantially with age, making it the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability in the world. Numerous studies demonstrated that genes, RNAs, and proteins are involved in the occurrence and development of stroke. Current studies found that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are also closely related to the pathological process of stroke. miRNAs are a group of short, noncoding RNA molecules playing important role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and they have emerged as regulators of ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning. Here we give an overview of the expression and function of miRNAs in the brain, miRNAs as biomarkers during cerebral ischemia, and clinical applications and limitations of miRNAs. Future prospects of miRNAs are also discussed.

scholarly journals CircRNAs: Insights into Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sanjana Rajgopal ◽  
Sherine Joanna Fredrick ◽  
Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Insight Into

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Gastric cancer (GC) is recorded as the fifth most common cancer globally. The classic resemblance of early symptoms of chronic gastritis including nausea, dysphagia, and dyspepsia with GC is the current challenge limiting the early diagnosis of GC. The current diagnostic procedures of GC are limited due to their invasive nature. This directs the research question toward alternative approaches, specifically at the molecular level. Recent advances in molecular regulation of cancer suggest the prominence of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the multistep process of tumourigenesis. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> CircRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs, abundant in eukaryotes, with key roles in regulating genes and miRNAs as well as the alteration of processes involved in pathological conditions. Research studies have demonstrated the participation of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of tumours. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the potential of circRNAs as disease biomarkers for the early detection and treatment of GC. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> This study is an amalgamation of the implications and future prospects of circRNAs for the detection and potential treatment of GC.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Hypertrophic, Arrhythmogenic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1720
Author(s):  
Enrica Chiti ◽  
Marco Paolo ◽  
Emanuela Turillazzi ◽  
Anna Rocchi
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Molecular Biomarkers ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs of about 20 nucleotides in length, involved in the regulation of many biochemical pathways in the human body. The level of miRNAs in tissues and circulation can be deregulated because of altered pathophysiological mechanisms; thus, they can be employed as biomarkers for different pathological conditions, such as cardiac diseases. This review summarizes published findings of these molecular biomarkers in the three most common structural cardiomyopathies: human dilated, arrhythmogenic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Ilgiz Gareev ◽  
Ozal Beylerli ◽  
Gjumrakch Aliev ◽  
Valentin Pavlov ◽  
Adel Izmailov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression And Regulation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) represent the most complex and relevant problem of modern neurology and neurosurgery. They serve as one of the main causes of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), causing up to 85% of all cases of intracranial hemorrhage, which is associated with frequent disability and high mortality among patients. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms of the development and rupture of IAs are still under study. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that typically have a length of more than 200 nucleotides. It is known that lncRNAs regulate many processes, such as transcription, translation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression, and regulation of the cell cycle. In recent years, a lot of evidence has established their role in human diseases from oncology to cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of IAs. The study of lncRNAs and its targets in various pathological conditions of a person is a rapidly developing field, and it is likely that the knowledge obtained from these studies regarding the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms will have the potential to use lncRNAs in therapy, as well as in the diagnosis and prediction of high aneurysms risk of rupture.

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