Deregulation of Lipid Homeostasis: A Fa(c)t in the Development of Metabolic Diseases

Lipids are important molecules for human health. The quantity and quality of fats consumed in the diet have important effects on the modulation of both the natural biosynthesis and degradation of lipids. There is an important number of lipid-failed associated metabolic diseases and an increasing number of studies suggesting that certain types of lipids might be beneficial to the treatment of many metabolic diseases. The aim of the present work is to expose an overview of de novo biosynthesis, storage, and degradation of lipids in mammalian cells, as well as, to review the published data describing the beneficial effects of these processes and the potential of some dietary lipids to improve metabolic diseases.

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Synthesis and anti-phytopathogenic activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c9ra05712a ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (52) ◽

pp. 30087-30099 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiao-Dan Yin ◽

Yu Sun ◽

Raymond Kobla Lawoe ◽

Guan-Zhou Yang ◽

Ying-Qian Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Human Health ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

High Efficiency ◽

De Novo ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Agricultural Products

Phytopathogenic fungi have become a serious threat to the quality of agricultural products, food security and human health globally, necessitating the need to discover new antifungal agents with de novo chemical scaffolds and high efficiency.

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Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Oxidized Eicosapentaenoic Acid Sodium Salt

Lipid Insights ◽

10.4137/lpi.s10862 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. LPI.S10862 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kelsey D. Jordan ◽

Rita K. Upmacis

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

De Novo ◽

Spectrometric Analysis ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Membrane Phospholipids ◽

Beneficial Effects

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with 20 carbon atoms and 5 carbon-carbon double bonds. Mammalian cells cannot synthesize long chain PUFAs such as EPA de novo, and, thus, the most effective way to enrich cells in EPA is by dietary intake of fish oils. EPA supplementation causes an increase in its concentration in plasma lipids and in cell membrane phospholipids. Many beneficial effects of EPA supplementation have been noted, including (1) the potential to sensitize cancerous tumors towards chemotherapy, (2) the promotion of cardiovascular health, and (3) the alleviation of some mental disorders, but results from clinical trials have sometimes been disparate. In this study, we report the use of mass spectrometry to investigate the autoxidation of EPA, thereby demonstrating the formation of a variety of oxidized products. The oxidative stress of the patient may affect the response to EPA and may, in part, explain divergent results from clinical trials.

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De novo biosynthesis of dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate by sphingosine kinase 1 in mammalian cells

Cellular Signalling ◽

10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.01.018 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 1779-1792 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Evgeny V. Berdyshev ◽

Irina A. Gorshkova ◽

Peter Usatyuk ◽

Yutong Zhao ◽

Bahman Saatian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

De Novo ◽

Sphingosine Kinase ◽

Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽

De Novo Biosynthesis

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Brown Seaweeds for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25184182 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (18) ◽

pp. 4182

Author(s):

Daniela Gabbia ◽

Sara De Martin

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Associated Diseases ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the coexistence of different metabolic disorders which increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, metabolic syndrome leads to a reduction in patients’ quality of life as well as to an increase in morbidity and mortality. In the last few decades, it has been demonstrated that seaweeds exert multiple beneficial effects by virtue of their micro- and macronutrient content, which could help in the management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review aims to provide an updated overview on the potential of brown seaweeds for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases, based on the most recent evidence obtained from in vitro and in vivo preclinical and clinical studies. Owing to their great potential for health benefits, brown seaweeds are successfully used in some nutraceuticals and functional foods for treating metabolic syndrome comorbidities. However, some issues still need to be tackled and deepened to improve the knowledge of their ADME/Tox profile in humans, in particular by finding validated indexes of their absorption and obtaining reliable information on their efficacy and long-term safety.

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Lipid droplet–mediated ER homeostasis regulates autophagy and cell survival during starvation

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201508102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 212 (6) ◽

pp. 621-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Ariadna P. Velázquez ◽

Takashi Tatsuta ◽

Ruben Ghillebert ◽

Ingmar Drescher ◽

Martin Graef

Keyword(s):

Cell Survival ◽

Lipid Droplets ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

De Novo ◽

Phospholipid Composition ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Lipid Homeostasis ◽

Er Homeostasis ◽

Insight Into ◽

Catabolic Process

Lipid droplets (LDs) are conserved organelles for intracellular neutral lipid storage. Recent studies suggest that LDs function as direct lipid sources for autophagy, a central catabolic process in homeostasis and stress response. Here, we demonstrate that LDs are dispensable as a membrane source for autophagy, but fulfill critical functions for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis linked to autophagy regulation. In the absence of LDs, yeast cells display alterations in their phospholipid composition and fail to buffer de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis causing chronic stress and morphologic changes in the ER. These defects compromise regulation of autophagy, including formation of multiple aberrant Atg8 puncta and drastically impaired autophagosome biogenesis, leading to severe defects in nutrient stress survival. Importantly, metabolically corrected phospholipid composition and improved FA resistance of LD-deficient cells cure autophagy and cell survival. Together, our findings provide novel insight into the complex interrelation between LD-mediated lipid homeostasis and the regulation of autophagy potentially relevant for neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases.

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Natural Dibenzo-α-Pyrones: Friends or Foes?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222313063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 13063

Author(s):

Georg Aichinger

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

The Other ◽

Published Data ◽

High Dose ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Defense System ◽

Oxidative Defense ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Urolithin A

Natural dibenzo-α-pyrones (DAPs) can be viewed from two opposite angles. From one angle, the gastrointestinal metabolites urolithins are regarded as beneficial, while from the other, the emerging mycotoxin alternariol and related fungal metabolites are evaluated critically with regards to potential hazardous effects. Thus, the important question is: can the structural characteristics of DAP subgroups be held responsible for distinct bioactivity patterns? If not, certain toxicological and/or pharmacological aspects of natural DAPs might yet await elucidation. Thus, this review focuses on comparing published data on the two groups of natural DAPs regarding both adverse and beneficial effects on human health. Literature on genotoxic, estrogenic, endocrine-disruptive effects, as well as on the induction of the cellular anti-oxidative defense system, anti-inflammatory properties, the inhibition of kinases, the activation of mitophagy and the induction of autophagy, is gathered and critically reviewed. Indeed, comparing published data suggests similar bioactivity profiles of alternariol and urolithin A. Thus, the current stratification into hazardous Alternaria toxins and healthy urolithins seems debatable. An extrapolation of bioactivities to the other DAP sub-class could serve as a promising base for further research. Conclusively, urolithins should be further evaluated toward high-dose toxicity, while alternariol derivatives could be promising chemicals for the development of therapeutics.

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9 A NOVEL ROLE OF SPHINGOSINE KINASE 1 IN THE DE NOVO BIOSYNTHESIS OF DIHYDROSPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE IN MAMMALIAN CELLS.

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.2310/6650.2005.x0015.8 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. S345.3-S345

Author(s):

E. Berdyshev ◽

I. Gorshkova ◽

P. Usatyuk ◽

Y. Zhao ◽

B. Saatian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

De Novo ◽

Sphingosine Kinase ◽

Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽

De Novo Biosynthesis

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Digestion and metabolism of dietary fat in farm animals

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19970132 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. S15-S35 ◽

Cited By ~ 183

Author(s):

Michel Doreau ◽

Yves Chilliard

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

De Novo ◽

Linoleic Acid Content ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

Dietary Fats ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Variable Effect ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Quality Of Milk

Fat digestion and metabolism differ widely between animal species. In ruminants, dietary fats are hydrogenated in the rumen before intestinal absorption so that absorbed fatty acids (FA) are more saturated than dietary FA. In non-ruminants, intestinal FA digestibility depends on the level of saturation of dietary FA. Fat supplementation of the diet of cows decreases milk protein and has a variable effect on milk fat, depending on the source of dietary lipids. When encapsulated lipids are used, the linoleic acid content of milk is increased, but the organoleptic quality of milk may be altered. Supplementary lipids are incorporated into non-ruminant body fat, whereasde novolipogenesis is reduced. There is a close relationship between the nature of dietary FA and non-ruminant body FA.

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