scholarly journals Studying the Defects and Geometric Anomalies on Monolayer Parts Obtained via the Fused Deposition Modeling Process

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Matheus Godoy Fonseca do Carmo ◽  
Thiago Glissoi Lopes ◽  
Verena Soares Bombonatti ◽  
Paulo Roberto Aguiar ◽  
Thiago Valle França
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Dimensional

The fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, deals with the manufacturing of parts by the subsequent addition of layers of fused plastic filament. The parts obtained during this process can be used for domestic applications, rapid prototyping, or final applications. During the preparation of the printing model (slicing), different process parameters must be defined, such as extruder speed, extruder height in relation to the bed, and bed temperature. Parameters that, if incorrectly defined, can lead to a series of deficiencies in the parts, such as low dimensional accuracy, low surface quality, reduced mechanical resistance, and, eventually, the occurrence of several printing defects in the parts, impairing or even preventing its use. The 3D printing process has a critical period at its beginning during the manufacturing of the piece’s first layer. The present work aims to study some of the geometric anomalies observed in monolayer pieces when some of the printing parameters are improperly defined. Printing tests on monolayer parts were carried out with a polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Herein, a home grade 3D printer, model Graber i3, was used. The height of the extruder to the bed was altered in relation to the recommended value, and three pieces were printed for each height used. The printed parts were scanned with a 1200 × 1200 dpi resolution, using a DCP-L2540DW model scanner. The images obtained were then analyzed using the Matlab® software and the geometric characteristics of the pieces were compared. The study is a first step towards a better understanding of the geometric defects obtained when an incorrect definition of basic parameters occurs when processing the three-dimensional model.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Drug-Eluting Nano-Hydroxylapatite Filled Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites Using Solution-Extrusion 3D Printing Technique

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pang-Yun Chou ◽  
Ying-Chao Chou ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Lai ◽  
Yu-Ting Lin ◽  
Chia-Jung Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
3D Printing Technique ◽  
Moving Speed

Polycaprolactone/nano-hydroxylapatite (PCL/nHA) nanocomposites have found use in tissue engineering and drug delivery owing to their good biocompatibility with these types of applications in addition to their mechanical characteristics. Three-dimensional (3D) printing of PCL/nHA nanocomposites persists as a defiance mostly because of the lack of commercial filaments for the conventional fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. In addition, as the composites are prepared using FDM for the purpose of delivering pharmaceuticals, thermal energy can destroy the embedded drugs and biomolecules. In this report, we investigated 3D printing of PCL/nHA using a lab-developed solution-extrusion printer, which consists of an extrusion feeder, a syringe with a dispensing nozzle, a collection table, and a command port. The effects of distinct printing variables on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites were investigated. Drug-eluting nanocomposite screws were also prepared using solution-extrusion 3D printing. The empirical outcomes suggest that the tensile properties of the 3D-printed PCL/nHA nanocomposites increased with the PCL/nHA-to-dichloromethane (DCM) ratio, fill density, and print orientation but decreased with an increase in the moving speed of the dispensing tip. Furthermore, printed drug-eluting PCL/nHA screws eluted high levels of antimicrobial vancomycin and ceftazidime over a 14-day period. Solution-extrusion 3D printing demonstrated excellent capabilities for fabricating drug-loaded implants for various medical applications.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of Polymer-Metal Hybrid Materials by Fused Deposition Modeling

Materials ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Fafenrot ◽  
Nils Grimmelsmann ◽  
Martin Wortmann ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Deposition Modeling

scholarly journals Impact of Aging Effect and Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) Printed Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-159
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sakib Hasan ◽  
Toni Ivanov ◽  
Milos Vorkapic ◽  
Aleksandar Simonovic ◽  
David Daou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Rapid innovations in 3D printing technology have allowed highly complex parts to be manufactured quickly and easily, particularly for prototyping purposes. Fused Deposition Modeling of thermoplastic materials is one of the most commonly used techniques in three-dimensional (3D) printing. The major aim of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is to design and manufacture usable parts for fields such as engineering and medicine. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the mechanical properties of such FDM processed structures. One of the most commonly used materials currently on the market is Polylactic Acid (PLA). The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of aging and heat treatment on the tensile properties of PLA printed test specimens. The tensile properties of parts manufactured by the 3D printer are influenced by various parameters such as extrusion temperature, infill density, building direction, layer height, etc. A total of 96 specimens were built by altering building orientation and layer height to estimate and compare the tensile properties of the printed parts. To investigate the aging effect, 30 of 96 specimens were printed 6 months before the tensile experiment. Half of both aged and new specimens were cured in an oven at 57.5 [�ŞC] for 3 hours while the other half endured no heat treatment. After the performed measurement, it can be concluded that heat treatment generally improves structural strength of the printed parts, while aging decreases it. However, these effects are highly dependent on the layer thickness and printing quality. The tensile test is conducted according to the ASTM D638 standard. The fractured samples were further characterized using an electron microscope.

scholarly journals Process of Manufacturing Transparent Models of Anatomical Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Wojnarowska ◽  
Maciej Nieroda ◽  
Ewelina Gładysz ◽  
Sławomir Miechowicz ◽  
Tomasz Kudasik
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Method ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Surgical Treatments

AbstractIn recent years, a rapid increase in the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in medicine, especially in the manufacturing of the diagnostic models, can be observed. In some cases, there is a need to fabricate transparent models that allow visualization of internal structures of the object. Unfortunately, techniques used to manufacture such models are often very expensive and time-consuming. The above-mentioned issues were the motivation for developing a new method of fabrication transparent models for visualization of internal structures for planning surgical treatments. This paper presents the process of making transparent models using the newly developed method – the stacked layers method. In order to compare this new method and one of the most common 3D printing technologies – fused deposition modeling (FDM) – the models for two medical cases using both of these methods were fabricated. As a result of this work, it can be concluded that the stacked layers method provides faster and cheaper way of making transparent medical models. The main features of fabrication process that have a huge impact on quality of the models made by new method were pointed. The results of this study suggest that models fabricated with the use of this method can be useful as a diagnostic tool in medical applications for planning surgical treatments.

Comparison of Selected Thermoplastic Materials in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process and their Influence on the Dimensional Accuracy of an Orthodontic Upper Teeth Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 952 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Jan Milde ◽  
František Jurina
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Deposition Modeling

The article focuses on the research of selected thermoplastic materials processed by the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing method and dimensional accuracy of parts in particular. The selected thermoplastic materials were ABS, PLA and HIPS. The digital model of the object (upper teeth) was obtained by the intraoral 3D scanner of 3Shape TRIOS used in dentistry. Based on the 3D (Three Dimensional) scanned digital model, the manufacturing of the upper teeth was performed on the Zortrax M200 FDM 3D printer. Parameters of the manufactured parts were as follows: Layer thickness 0.09 mm, infill 20% and model orientation 0°. The manufactured parts were digitized by the GOM ATOS Triple Scan optical 3D scanner with the measuring volume of MV 170. The dimensional accuracy of the parts was evaluated in the GOM Inspect software.

Analysis of Correlation Between Contrast and Component of Polylatic Acid Composite for Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 5107-5111
Author(s):  
Kyu-Hyon Son ◽  
Jung-Hun Kim ◽  
Dong-Eun Kim ◽  
Min-Sik Kang ◽  
Joo-Heon Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Cie Lab

Additive manufacturing or three-dimensional (3D) printing is considered a disruptive technology for producing components with topologically optimized complex geometries as well as functionalities that are not achievable by traditional methods. 3D printing is expected to revolutionize the manufacturing of components. While several 3D printing systems are available, printing based on fused-deposition modeling (FDM) using thermoplastics is particularly widespread because of the simplicity and potential applicability of the method. In this study, we report the analysis of correlation between contrast and component of polylactic acid (PLA) based composite for FDM 3D printing. The pre-fabricated white composite and black composite were mixed in the fraction of 100:0, 90:10, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100% (v/v) and the obtained mixture was extruded using HX-35 3D filament extrusion line. The samples in different contrast were printed in disk like shape, and the gray scale filaments and 3D printed samples were measured the morphology and components using a field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The CIE-lab values of the samples were measured using a colorimeter and the correlation between CIE-lab values and the components were analyzed. Although the component of Ti was linearly increased, the CIE-lab values show a clear exponential increase by increasing the white composite.

Influence of Layer Parameters in Fused Deposition Modeling Three-Dimensional Printing on the Tensile Strength of a Product

2020 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Vinh Du Nguyen ◽  
Thai Xiem Trinh ◽  
Son Minh Pham ◽  
Trong Huynh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Printing Parameters

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) is a hopeful technique that is used to produce complex geometry parts in a layer-by-layer method. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a popular 3D printing technology for producing components of thermoplastic polymers. In FDM process, the part quality is influenced strongly by the printing parameters. Until now, these parameters stil need to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, the influence of FDM 3D printing parameters on the tensile strength of product will be investigated. By experiment, three parameters, that is, layer height, solid layer top, and first-layer height, were studied. The investigation shows that the layer height is the only parameter impacted the tensile strength of the product.

Biodegradable 3D Printed Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Danielle R. Berry ◽  
John C. Reagan ◽  
Ronald A. Smaldone ◽  
Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1 – 55 µm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Mini Tablets for Pediatric Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Julius Krause ◽  
Laura Müller ◽  
Dorota Sarwinska ◽  
Anne Seidlitz ◽  
Malgorzata Sznitowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Pediatric Diseases ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Pediatric Use

In the treatment of pediatric diseases, suitable dosages and dosage forms are often not available for an adequate therapy. The use of innovative additive manufacturing techniques offers the possibility of producing pediatric dosage forms. In this study, the production of mini tablets using fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing was investigated. Two pediatric drugs, caffeine and propranolol hydrochloride, were successfully processed into filaments using hyprolose and hypromellose as polymers. Subsequently, mini tablets with diameters between 1.5 and 4.0 mm were printed and characterized using optical and thermal analysis methods. By varying the number of mini tablets applied and by varying the diameter, we were able to achieve different release behaviors. This work highlights the potential value of FDM 3D printing for the on-demand production of patient individualized, small-scale batches of pediatric dosage forms.

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