scholarly journals Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Limb Reduction Defects: Data from the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations (PRCM)

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Anna Materna-Kiryluk ◽  
Katarzyna Wisniewska ◽  
Barbara Wieckowska ◽  
Jolanta Wierzba ◽  
Anna Jazdzewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Limb Reduction ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Tract Infections

Data from the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations (PRCM) suggest that the prevalence of limb reduction defects (LRDs) in some Polish regions is significantly higher in comparison to that reported in the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) registry, but specific risk factors are still unknown. The objectives of this study were two-fold: to detect risk factors linked to isolated LRDs among Polish natives and to search for geospatial clusters of isolated LRDs to identify high-risk areas across the country. Among the 2,939,001 births accounted for in the PRCM, we determined that there were 852 children with distinct LRDs. Our data demonstrate that lower birth weight, prematurity, and maternal smoking history are strongly associated with isolated LRDs. Furthermore, our investigation pointed to various additional risk factors for isolated LRDs, including paternal education, gestational hypertension, upper respiratory tract infections, and exposure to anti-inflammatory drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy. We did not recognize statistically significant spatial or spatiotemporal clusters over the area of Poland using Kulldorff’s scan. Our study strengthens the hypothesis that maternal factors have an integral role in the etiology of isolated LRDs.

Risk factors for perinatal mortality: a case control study from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayadevi Brahmanandan ◽  
Lekshmi Murukesan ◽  
Bindu Nambisan ◽  
Shaila Salmabeevi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Perinatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Control Study

Background: The greatest risks to life are in its very beginning. Although a good start in life begins well before birth, it is just before, during, and in the very first hours and days after birth that life is most at risk. This prospective case control study was designed on maternal risk factors for perinatal mortality.Methods: This was a case control study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Paediatrics, Medical College Trivandrum for one year period in 2004-2005. The cases were all the fresh and macerated still births and early neonatal death cases during the study period. The controls were chosen as the next delivery entry in the OR register.Results: During this period, the total number of deliveries was 14,796 and there were 431 perinatal deaths. The perinatal mortality rate was 29.12. This was much higher compared to Kerala’s perinatal mortality rate of 10, the reason being that the study is conducted in a tertiary referral hospital with one of the best new born care nurseries and a large number of referrals. The most significant risk factors for perinatal mortality were low socio-economic status, referrals, late registration, prematurity, low birth weight, intra-uterine growth restriction, maternal diseases like gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes and intrapartum complications like abruption.Conclusions: Perinatal mortality rate serves as the most sensitive index of maternal and neonatal care. Good antenatal care and prevention of preterm birth may play a key role in further reduction of PMR.

scholarly journals Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in organized groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
G. T. Tаshmetovа ◽  
I. V. Liverko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

The objective: to study the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adult organized groups, to assess the structure and risk factors of its development.Subjects and methods. 3,000 people of the organized population working at various enterprises in Tashkent aged 20 to 60 years (1,400 (46.7%) women and 1,600 (53.3%) men) underwent the contemporary pulmonological screening.Results. The active pulmonological screening aimed to detect COPD among organized groups has been justified; examination of 3,000 people allowed detecting 198 (6.6%) new patients additionally to 65 cases that were already known at the time of screening. The chances of developing COPD increase with the presence of risk factors such as smoking, exposure to toxic substances and chemicals, and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.

Middle Ear Barotraumas in Commercial Aircrew

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Oskari H. Lindfors ◽  
Kimmo S. Ketola ◽  
Tuomas K. Klockars ◽  
Tuomo K. Leino ◽  
Saku T. Sinkkonen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Pressure Equalization ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Middle ear (ME) barotraumas are the most common condition in aviation medicine, sometimes seriously compromising flight safety. Considering this and the ever-increasing amount of commercial aviation, a detailed overview is warranted.METHODS: In this survey study, an anonymous, electronic questionnaire was distributed to commercial aircrew of the three major commercial airlines operating in Finland (N 3799), covering 93% of the target population (i.e., all commercial aircrew operating in Finland, N 4083). Primary outcomes were self-reported prevalence, clinical characteristics, and health and occupational effects of ME barotraumas in flight. Secondary outcomes were adjusted odds ratios (OR) for frequency of ME barotraumas with respect to possible risk factors.RESULTS: Response rate was 47% (N 1789/3799), with 85% (N 1516) having experienced ME barotraumas in flight. Of those affected, 60% had used medications, 5% had undergone surgical procedures, and 48% had been on sick leave due to ME barotraumas (40% during the last year). Factors associated with ME barotraumas included a high number of upper respiratory tract infections [3 URTIs/yr vs. 0 URTIs/yr: OR, 9.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9920.39] and poor subjective performance in Valsalva (occasionally vs. always successful: OR, 7.84; 95% CI 3.9715.51) and Toynbee (occasionally vs. always successful: OR, 9.06; 95% CI 2.6730.78) maneuvers.CONCLUSION: ME barotraumas were reported by 85% of commercial aircrew. They lead to an increased need for medications, otorhinolaryngology-related surgical procedures, and sickness absence from flight duty. Possible risk factors include a high number of URTIs and poor performance in pressure equalization maneuvers.Lindfors OH, Ketola KS, Klockars TK, Leino TK, Sinkkonen ST. Middle ear barotraumas in commercial aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(3):182189.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic gradients of adverse birth outcomes and related maternal factors in rural and urban Alberta, Canada: a concentration index approach

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e033296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ospina ◽  
Álvaro Román Osornio-Vargas ◽  
Charlene C Nielsen ◽  
Susan Crawford ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

ObjectiveUsing a summary measure of health inequalities, this study evaluated the distribution of adverse birth outcomes (ABO) and related maternal risk factors across area-level socioeconomic status (SES) gradients in urban and rural Alberta, Canada.DesignCross-sectional study using a validated perinatal clinical registry and an area-level SES.SettingThe study was conducted in Alberta, Canada. Data about ABO and related maternal risk factors were obtained from the Alberta Perinatal Health Program between 2006 and 2012. An area-level SES index derived from census data (2006) was linked to the postal code at delivery.ParticipantsWomen (n=3 30 957) having singleton live births with gestational age ≥22 weeks.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe estimated concentration indexes to assess inequalities across SES gradients in both rural and urban areas (CIdxRand CIdxU, respectively) for spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, smoking and substance use during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy weight >91 kg.ResultsThe highest health inequalities disfavouring low SES groups were identified for substance abuse and smoking in rural areas (CIdxR−0.38 and −0.23, respectively). Medium inequalities were identified for LGA (CIdxR−0.08), pre-pregnancy weight >91 kg (CIdxR−0.07), substance use (CIdxU−0.15), smoking (CIdxU−0.14), gestational diabetes (CIdxU−0.10) and SGA (CIdxU−0.07). Low inequalities were identified for PTB (CIdxR−0.05; CIdxU−0.05) and gestational diabetes (CIdxR−0.04). Inequalities disfavouring high SES groups were identified for gestational hypertension (CIdxR+0.04), SGA (CIdxR+0.03) and LGA (CIdxU+0.03).ConclusionsABO and related maternal risk factors were unequally distributed across the socioeconomic gradient in urban–rural settings, with the greatest concentrations in lower SES groups of rural areas. Future research is needed on underlying mechanisms driving SES gradients in perinatal health across the rural–urban spectrum.

Nasopharyngeal vs. adenoid cultures in children undergoing adenoidectomy: prevalence of bacterial pathogens, their interactions and risk factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. KORONA-GLOWNIAK ◽  
A. NIEDZIELSKI ◽  
U. KOSIKOWSKA ◽  
A. GRZEGORCZYK ◽  
A. MALM
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARYStreptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the adenoids and nasopharynx in 103 preschool children who underwent adenoidectomy for recurrent upper respiratory tract infections was examined. Bacterial interactions and risk factors for bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx and adenoids, separately, were analysed statistically. The prevalence of simultaneous isolation from both anatomical sites was 45·6% for S. pneumoniae, 29·1% for H. influenzae, 15·5% for M. catarrhalis and 18·4% for S. aureus. Three pathogens were significantly more frequent together from adenoid samples; nasopharyngeal swabs more often yielded a single organism, but without statistical significance. M. catarrhalis and S. aureus significantly more frequently co-existed with S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae than with each other and a positive association of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in adenoid samples was evident. Several differences between risk factors for nasopharyngeal and adenoid colonization by the individual pathogens were observed. We conclude that the adenoids and nasopharynx appear to differ substantially in colonization by pathogenic microbes but occurrence of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx could be predictive of upper respiratory tract infections.

Sinus Barotraumas in Commercial Aircrew

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 857-863
Author(s):  
Oskari H. Lindfors ◽  
Kimmo S. Ketola ◽  
Tuomas K. Klockars ◽  
Tuomo K. Leino ◽  
Saku T. Sinkkonen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Sinus barotraumas are a common condition in aviation medicine, sometimes compromising flight safety and even permanently grounding aircrew. Considering this and the ever-increasing amount of commercial aviation, a thorough examination is required.METHODS: In this survey study, an anonymous, electronic questionnaire was distributed to commercial aircrew of the three major commercial airlines operating in Finland (N 3799), covering 93% of the target population (i.e., all commercial aircrew operating in Finland, N 4083). Primary outcomes were self-reported prevalence, clinical characteristics, and health and occupational effects of sinus barotraumas in flight. Secondary outcomes were adjusted odds ratios (OR) for frequency of sinus barotraumas with respect to possible risk factors.RESULTS: Response rate was 47% (N 1789/3799), with 61% (N 1088) of the respondents having experienced sinus barotraumas in flight. Of those affected, 59% had used medications, 18% had undergone surgical procedures, and 53% had been on sick leave due to sinus barotraumas (38% during the last year) in flight. Factors associated with sinus barotraumas were female sex [OR, 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.354.50] and a high number of upper respiratory tract infections (3 vs. <3 URTIs/yr: OR, 3.61; 95% CI 2.654.93).CONCLUSION: Sinus barotraumas were reported by 61 of commercial aircrew. They caused an increased need for medications, otorhinolaryngology-related surgical procedures, and sickness absence from flight duty. The possible risk factors were female sex and a high number of URTIs/yr.Lindfors OH, Ketola KS, Klockars TK, Leino TK, Sinkkonen ST. Sinus barotraumas in commercial aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(11):857-863.

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