scholarly journals Using Body Composition Groups to Identify Children and Adolescents at Risk of Dyslipidemia

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Alina Ofenheimer ◽  
Robab Breyer-Kohansal ◽  
Sylvia Hartl ◽  
Otto C. Burghuber ◽  
Florian Krach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Early Origin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lead Study

The impact of body composition on the early origin of chronic diseases is an increasingly appreciated phenomenon. Little is known about the characteristics of children with varying body composition. The aim of this study was to investigate serum lipid profiles and other characteristics in relation to body composition. The data of 1394 participants (aged 6 to <18 years) of the observational general population-based Austrian LEAD Study have been analyzed. Body composition groups were defined by appendicular lean mass (ALMI) and fat mass (FMI) indices assessed by DXA. Serum lipid profiles (triglycerides, LDL-c, HDL-c) and other characteristics (e.g., prematurity, smoke exposure, physical activity, nutrition) were investigated in these body composition groups. Different body composition groups, which are not distinguishable by BMI, exist. Children with high ALMI and high FMI showed higher triglycerides and LDL-c, but lower HDL-c levels. In contrast, levels did not differ between those with high FMI but low (or normal) ALMI, and other body composition groups. BMI should be interpreted cautiously, and body composition should be measured by more precise techniques. In particular, children and adolescents with high FMI who have concomitantly high ALMI should be followed closely in future studies to investigate whether they are at increased risk of cardiovascular problems.

scholarly journals Clostridium difficileInfection Worsens the Prognosis of Ulcerative Colitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E Negrón ◽  
Herman W Barkema ◽  
Kevin Rioux ◽  
Jeroen De Buck ◽  
Sylvia Checkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: The impact ofClostridium difficileinfections among ulcerative colitis (UC) patients is well characterized. However, there is little knowledge regarding the association betweenC difficileinfections and postoperative complications among UC patients.OBJECTIVE: To determine whetherC difficileinfection is associated with undergoing an emergent colectomy and experiencing postoperative complications.METHODS: The present population-based case-control study identified UC patients admitted to Calgary Health Zone hospitals for a flare between 2000 and 2009.C difficiletoxin tests ordered in hospital or 90 days before hospital admission were provided by Calgary Laboratory Services (Calgary, Alberta). Hospital records were reviewed to confirm diagnoses and to extract clinical data. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed among individuals tested forC difficileto examine the association betweenC difficileinfection and emergent colectomy and diagnosis of any postoperative complications and, secondarily, an infectious postoperative complication. Estimates were presented as adjusted ORs with 95% CIs.RESULTS:C difficilewas tested in 278 (58%) UC patients and 6.1% were positive.C difficileinfection was associated with an increased risk for emergent colectomy (adjusted OR 3.39 [95% CI 1.02 to 11.23]). Additionally, a preoperative diagnosis ofC difficilewas significantly associated with the development of postoperative infectious complications (OR 4.76 [95% CI 1.10 to 20.63]).CONCLUSION:C difficilediagnosis worsened the prognosis of UC by increasing the risk of colectomy and postoperative infectious complications following colectomy. Future studies are needed to explore whether early detection and aggressive management ofC difficileinfection will improve UC outcomes.

scholarly journals Lipid paradox in rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of serum lipid measures and systemic inflammation on the risk of cardiovascular disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Myasoedova ◽  
Cynthia S Crowson ◽  
Hilal Maradit Kremers ◽  
Veronique L Roger ◽  
Patrick D Fitz-Gibbon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of systemic inflammation and serum lipids on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsIn a population-based RA incident cohort (1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria first met between 1988 and 2007), details were collected of serum lipid measures, erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs), C-reactive protein (CRP) measures and cardiovascular events, including ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. Cox models were used to examine the association of lipids and inflammation with the risk of CVD and mortality, adjusting for age, sex and year of RA incidence.ResultsThe study included 651 patients with RA (mean age 55.8 years, 69% female); 67% were rheumatoid factor positive. ESR was associated with the risk of CVD (HR=1.2 per 10 mm/h increase, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.3). Similar findings, although not statistically significant, were seen with CRP (p=0.07). A significant non-linear association for total cholesterol (TCh) with risk of CVD was found, with 3.3-fold increased risk for TCh <4 mmol/l (95% CI 1.5 to 7.2) and no increased risk of CVD for TCh ≥4 mmol/l (p=0.57). Low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL <2 mmol/l) was associated with marginally increased risk of CVD (p=0.10); there was no increased risk for LDL ≥2 mmol/l (p=0.76).ConclusionInflammatory measures (particularly, ESR) are significantly associated with the risk of CVD in RA. Lipids may have paradoxical associations with the risk of CVD in RA, whereby lower TCh and LDL levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

Body mass index and risk of all-cause mortality in normotensive and hypertensive adults: The Rural Chinese Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Qionggui Zhou ◽  
Xuejiao Liu ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Pei Qin ◽  
Yongcheng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Chinese Cohort ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: The impact of baseline hypertension status on the BMI–mortality association is still unclear. We aimed to examine the moderation effect of hypertension on the BMI–mortality association using a rural Chinese cohort. Design: In this cohort study, we investigated the incident of mortality according to different BMI categories by hypertension status. Setting: Longitudinal population-based cohort Participants: 17,262 adults ≥18 years were recruited from July to August of 2013 and July to August of 2014 from a rural area in China. Results: During a median 6-year follow-up, we recorded 1109 deaths (610 with and 499 without hypertension). In adjusted models, as compared with BMI 22-24 kg/m2, with BMI ≤18, 18-20, 20-22, 24-26, 26-28, 28-30 and >30 kg/m2, the HRs (95% CI) for mortality in normotensive participants were 1.92 (1.23-3.00), 1.44 (1.01-2.05), 1.14 (0.82-1.58), 0.96 (0.70-1.31), 0.96 (0.65-1.43), 1.32 (0.81-2.14), and 1.32 (0.74-2.35) respectively, and in hypertensive participants were 1.85 (1.08-3.17), 1.67 (1.17-2.39), 1.29 (0.95-1.75), 1.20 (0.91-1.58), 1.10 (0.83-1.46), 1.10 (0.80-1.52), and 0.61 (0.40-0.94) respectively. The risk of mortality was lower in individuals with hypertension with overweight or obesity versus normal weight, especially in older hypertensives (≥60 years old). Sensitivity analyses gave consistent results for both normotensive and hypertensive participants. Conclusions: Low BMI was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality regardless of hypertension status in rural Chinese adults, but high BMI decreased the mortality risk among individuals with hypertension, especially in older hypertensives.

scholarly journals Family violence against children in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic: a review of current perspectives and risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemí Pereda ◽  
Diego A. Díaz-Faes
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
The People ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vulnerable Families ◽  
The Social ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The situation of crisis produced by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic poses major challenges to societies all over the world. While efforts to contain the virus are vital to protect global health, these same efforts are exposing children and adolescents to an increased risk of family violence. Various criminological theories explain the causes of this new danger. The social isolation required by the measures taken in the different countries, the impact on jobs, the economic instability, high levels of tension and fear of the virus, and new forms of relationships have all increased levels of stress in the most vulnerable families and, therefore, the risk of violence. In addition, mandatory lockdowns imposed to curb the spread of the disease have trapped children in their homes, isolating them from the people and the resources that could help them. In general, the restrictive measures imposed in many countries have not been accompanied by an analysis of the access to the resources needed to reduce this risk. It is necessary to take urgent measures to intervene in these high-risk contexts so that children and adolescents can develop and prosper in a society which is likely to undergo profound changes, but in which the defense of their rights and protection must remain a major priority.

scholarly journals Environmental asbestos exposure and clustering of malignant mesothelioma in community: a spatial analysis in a population-based case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Airoldi ◽  
C. Magnani ◽  
F. Lazzarato ◽  
D. Mirabelli ◽  
S. Tunesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Contour Plot ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Neighborhood exposure to asbestos increases the risk of developing malignant mesothelioma (MM) in residents who live near asbestos mines and asbestos product plants. The area of Casale Monferrato (Northwest Italy) was impacted by several sources of asbestos environmental pollution, due to the presence of the largest Italian asbestos cement (AC) plant. In the present study, we examined the spatial variation of MM risk in an area with high levels of asbestos pollution and secondly, and we explored the pattern of clustering. Methods A population-based case–control study conducted between 2001 and 2006 included 200 cases and 348 controls. Demographic and occupational data along with residential information were recorded. Bivariate Kernel density estimation was used to map spatial variation in disease risk while an adjusted logistic model was applied to estimate the impact of residential distance from the AC plant. Kulldorf test and Cuzick Edward test were then performed. Results One hundred ninety-six cases and 322 controls were included in the analyses. The contour plot of the cases to controls ratio showed a well-defined peak of MM incidence near the AC factory, and the risk decreased monotonically in all directions when large bandwidths were used. However, considering narrower smoothing parameters, several peaks of increased risk were reported. A constant trend of decreasing OR with increasing distance was observed, with estimates of 10.9 (95% CI 5.32–22.38) and 10.48 (95%CI 4.54–24.2) for 0–5 km and 5–10 km, respectively (reference > 15 km). Finally, a significant (p < 0.0001) excess of cases near the pollution source was identified and cases are spatially clustered relative to the controls until 13 nearest neighbors. Conclusions In this study, we found an increasing pattern of mesothelioma risk in the area around a big AC factory and we detected secondary clusters of cases due to local exposure points, possibly associated to the use of asbestos materials.

P0211GLOMERULAR HYPERFILTRATION AND CANCER: A NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaerim Kim ◽  
Jeongsoo Yoon ◽  
Jin Hyuk Paek ◽  
Woo Yeong Park ◽  
Kyubok Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Glomerular Hyperfiltration ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Glomerular hyperfiltration is associated with all-cause mortality. Herein, we evaluated the association between glomerular hyperfiltration and the development of malignant disease, the most common cause of death, in an Asian population. Method We retrospectively reviewed the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea for people who received national health screenings from 2012 to 2013. Glomerular hyperfiltration was defined as the 95th percentile and greater after adjusting for age and sex. We performed a multivariate Cox regression analysis using glomerular hyperfiltration at the first health screening as the exposure variable and cancer development as the outcome variable to evaluate the impact of glomerular hyperfiltration on the development of malignant disease. Results A total of 1,953,123 examinations who followed-up for 4.9 years were included in this study. Among the 8 different site-specific malignant disease categories, digestive organs and female genital organs showed a significant associations between glomerular hyperfiltration and malignancy. The population with glomerular hyperfiltration showed an increased risk for stomach cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.27), colorectal cancer (aHR, 1.23), and liver or intrahepatic malignancy (aHR, 1.40). In addition, the risk for uterine and ovarian cancer was significantly increased in the population with glomerular hyperfiltration (aHR, 1.36). Conclusion Glomerular hyperfiltration was associated with an increased risk for the development of malignant diseases in specific organs, such as the stomach, colorectum, uterus, and ovary. Glomerular hyperfiltration needs to be considered a significant sign of the need to evaluate the possibility of hidden adverse health conditions, including malignancies.

scholarly journals Renin–angiotensin system blocker use and the risk of acute kidney injury after colorectal cancer surgery: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e032964
Author(s):  
Charlotte Slagelse ◽  
H Gammelager ◽  
Lene Hjerrild Iversen ◽  
Kathleen D Liu ◽  
Henrik T Toft Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Postoperative Aki

ObjectivesIt is unknown whether preoperative use of ACE inhibitors (ACE-I) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) affects the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. We assessed the impact of preoperative ACE-I/ARB use on risk of AKI after CRC surgery.DesignObservational cohort study. Patients were divided into three exposure groups—current, former and non-users—through reimbursed prescriptions within 365 days before the surgery. AKI within 7 days after surgery was defined according to the current Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome consensus criteria.SettingPopulation-based Danish medical databases.ParticipantsA total of 9932 patients undergoing incident CRC surgery during 2005–2014 in northern Denmark were included through the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group Database.Outcome measureWe computed cumulative incidence proportions (risk) of AKI with 95% CIs for current, former and non-users of ACE-I/ARB, including death as a competing risk. We compared current and former users with non-users by computing adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) using log-binomial regression adjusted for demographics, comorbidities and CRC-related characteristics. We stratified the analyses of ACE-I/ARB users to address any difference in impact within relevant subgroups.ResultsTwenty-one per cent were ACE-I/ARB current users, 6.4% former users and 72.3% non-users. The 7-day postoperative AKI risk for current, former and non-users was 26.4% (95% CI 24.6% to 28.3%), 25.2% (21.9% to 28.6%) and 17.8% (17.0% to 18.7%), respectively. The aRRs of AKI were 1.20 (1.09 to 1.32) and 1.16 (1.01 to 1.34) for current and former users, compared with non-users. The relative risk of AKI in current compared with non-users was consistent in all subgroups, except for higher aRR in patients with a history of hypertension.ConclusionsBeing a current or former user of ACE-I/ARBs is associated with an increased risk of postoperative AKI compared with non-users. Although it may not be a drug effect, users of ACE-I/ARBs should be considered a risk group for postoperative AKI.

scholarly journals Age, maturation and serum lipid parameters: findings from the German Health Survey for Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Schienkiewitz ◽  
Julia Truthmann ◽  
Andrea Ernert ◽  
Susanna Wiegand ◽  
Karl Otfried Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Abstract Background Recommendations on preventive lipid screening among children and adolescents remain controversial. The aim of the study was to assess age and puberty-related changes in serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), and high-density (HDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C). Methods Using cross-sectional data from the National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents in Germany (KiGGS 2003–2006; N = 13,676; 1–17 years), changes in distributions of serum lipids were visualized according to sex, age and maturation. Youth aged 10–17 years were classified as prepubescent, early/mid-puberty, and mature/advanced puberty. Multiple linear regressions were used to quantify the impact of pubertal stage on serum lipid levels, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results Among children 1–9 years mean serum lipid measures increased with age, with higher mean TC and Non-HDL-C among girls than boys. Among children 10–17 years, advanced pubertal stage was independently related to lower lipid measures. Adjusted mean TC, HDL-C and Non-HDL-C was 19.4, 5.9 and 13.6 mg/dL lower among mature/advanced puberty compared to prepubescent boys and 11.0, 4.0 and 7.0 mg/dL lower in mature/advanced puberty compared to prepubescent girls. Conclusions Lipid concentrations undergo considerable and sex-specific changes during physical growth and sexual maturation and significantly differ between pubertal stages. Screening recommendations need to consider the fluctuations of serum lipids during growth and sexual maturation.

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