scholarly journals Improving the Anti-Pilling Performance of Cellulose Fiber Blended Knitted Fabrics with 2,4,6-Trichloropyrimidine Treatment

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Xue Dong ◽  
Tieling Xing ◽  
Guoqiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Added Value ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laundering Durability ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Dipping Process ◽  
Dyed Fabrics

Pilling is a common and unresolved problem in knitted fabrics, especially for the cellulose fiber blended fabrics, which not only causes an unattractive appearance and an uncomfortable handle, but also reduces the added value of the products. In this study, four different kinds of knitted fabrics were treated with 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine (TLP) alkaline emulsion by dipping and pad–dry–cure modification processes. The surface morphology and chemical structure of original and treated fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The anti-pilling performance, thermal properties, physical and mechanical properties and color features of treated fabrics were also evaluated. The results indicated that TLP was successfully covalently crosslinked onto the surface of the cellulose fibers. The dipping process resulted in a better anti-pilling property than that of the pad–dry–cure process, and both treatments could bring about an excellent anti-pilling property and outstanding laundering durability. A pilling grade of 4.5 was achieved for the treated polyester/viscose (T/V) fabric with the dipping process even after 20 washing cycles. In addition, the treated fabrics displayed an enhanced antistatic property and still maintained a soft handle. Besides, the bursting strength and air permeability of treated samples were found to have a slight deterioration, while no apparent differences were found in the color parameters and colorfastness of dyed fabrics. The above results demonstrate that 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine has the potential application prospect in the functional finishing and home-caring of textiles.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste Were Used Partially with Fly Ash and Kaolin Waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Chidchanok Chainej ◽  
Suparut Narksitipan ◽  
Nittaya Jaitanong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lime Water ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Iron Mold

The aims of this research were study the microstructures and mechanical properties for partial replacement of cement with Fly ash (FA) and kaolin waste (KW). Ordinary Portland cement were partially replaced with FA and KW in the range of 25-35% and 10-25% by weight of cement powder. The kaolin waste was ground for 180 minutes before using. The specimen was packing into an iron mold which sample size of 5×5×5 cm3. Then, the specimens were kept at room temperature for 24 hours and were moist cured in the incubation lime water bath at age of 3 days. After that the specimens were dry cured with plastic wrap at age of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. After that the compounds were examined by x-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and the microstructures were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compressive strength was then investigated.

scholarly journals Features of the hydration process of the modified blended cement for fiber cement panels

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 03030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustem Mukhametrakhimov ◽  
Liliya Lukmanova
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydration Process ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structure Form ◽  
Silicate Phase ◽  
X Ray

The paper studies features of the hydration process of the modified blended cement for fiber cement panels (FCP) using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. It is found that deeper hydration process in silicate phase, denser and finer crystalline structure form in fiber cement matrix based on the modified blended cement. Generalization of this result to the case of fiber cement panels makes it possible to achieve formation of a denser and homogeneous structure with increased physical and mechanical properties.

Full-field X-ray diffraction microscopy using polymeric compound refractive lenses

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1882-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hilhorst ◽  
F. Marschall ◽  
T. N. Tran Thi ◽  
A. Last ◽  
T. U. Schülli
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polymeric Compound ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Imaging

Diffraction imaging is the science of imaging samples under diffraction conditions. Diffraction imaging techniques are well established in visible light and electron microscopy, and have also been widely employed in X-ray science in the form of X-ray topography. Over the past two decades, interest in X-ray diffraction imaging has taken flight and resulted in a wide variety of methods. This article discusses a new full-field imaging method, which uses polymer compound refractive lenses as a microscope objective to capture a diffracted X-ray beam coming from a large illuminated area on a sample. This produces an image of the diffracting parts of the sample on a camera. It is shown that this technique has added value in the field, owing to its high imaging speed, while being competitive in resolution and level of detail of obtained information. Using a model sample, it is shown that lattice tilts and strain in single crystals can be resolved simultaneously down to 10−3° and Δa/a= 10−5, respectively, with submicrometre resolution over an area of 100 × 100 µm and a total image acquisition time of less than 60 s.

Contribution of the hybrid component to the structure and properties of ceramics based on metastable phases Al2O3

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
A. V. Maletsky ◽  
T. E. Konstantinova ◽  
D. R. Belichko ◽  
G. K. Volkova ◽  
V. V. Burkhovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tetragonal Lattice ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum

The paper presents results of the study of the effect of doping with yttrium oxide on ceramics of the composition (γ + θ) Al2O3 + nY2O3 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3 wt%), sintered at 1550°C for 2 h, from powders of the specified composition annealed at temperatures of 500 , 800, 1000°С. X-ray diffraction analysis established the formation in ceramics of yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and a metastable phase of the same composition with a tetragonal lattice type in powders at temperatures above 1200°C. The effect of YAG on the physical and mechanical properties was established: high properties were demonstrated by ceramics of the composition α-Al2O3 + 2wt% Y2O3, obtained from a powder annealed at 1000°C. In addition, high physical and mechanical properties were observed in ceramics of the composition α-Al2O3 + 0wt% Y2O3, obtained from a powder annealed at 800°C. The effect of the so-called “mutual protection against crystallization” was discovered, which consists in the mutual inhibition of crystallization processes in powders of the Al2O3 – Y2O3 system.

scholarly journals Understanding the Performance of a Novel Direct Compression Excipient Comprising Roller Compacted Chitin

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeb Abu Fara ◽  
Linda Al-Hmoud ◽  
Iyad Rashid ◽  
Babur Z. Chowdhry ◽  
Adnan Badwan
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Roller Compaction ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Hand Drying ◽  
Slight Deformation

Chitin has been investigated in the context of finding new excipients suitable for direct compression, when subjected to roller compaction. Ball milling was concurrently carried out to compare effects from different energy or stress-inducing techniques. Samples of chitin powders (raw, processed, dried and humidified) were compared for variations in morphology, X-ray diffraction patterns, densities, FT-IR, flowability, compressibility and compactibility. Results confirmed the suitability of roller compaction to convert the fluffy powder of raw chitin to a bulky material with improved flow. X-ray powder diffraction studies showed that, in contrast to the high decrease in crystallinity upon ball milling, roller compaction manifested a slight deformation in the crystal lattice. Moreover, the new excipient showed high resistance to compression, due to the high compactibility of the granules formed. This was correlated to the significant extent of plastic deformation compared to the raw and ball milled forms of chitin. On the other hand, drying and humidification of raw and processed materials presented no added value to the compressibility and compactibility of the directly compressed excipient. Finally, compacted chitin showed direct compression similarity with microcrystalline cellulose when formulated with metronidazole (200 mg) without affecting the immediate drug release action of the drug.

scholarly journals Sustainable Nanopozzolan Modified Cement: Characterizations and Morphology of Calcium Silicate Hydrate during Hydration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mohamed Sutan ◽  
I. Yakub ◽  
M. S. Jaafar ◽  
K. A. Matori ◽  
S. K. Sahari
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pozzolanic Reactivity ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Properties Characterization ◽  
Micro Silica ◽  
By Products

There are environmental and sustainable benefits of partially replacing cement with industrial by-products or synthetic materials in cement based products. Since microstructural behaviours of cement based products are the crucial parameters that govern their sustainability and durability, this study investigates the microstructural comparison between two different types of cement replacements as nanopozzolan modified cement (NPMC) in cement based product by focusing on the evidence of pozzolanic reactivity in corroboration with physical and mechanical properties. Characterization and morphology techniques using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to assess the pozzolanic reactivity of cement paste modified with the combination of nano- and micro silica as NPMC in comparison to unmodified cement paste (UCP) of 0.5 water to cement ratio (w/c). Results were then substantiated with compressive strength (CS) results as mechanical property. Results of this study showed clear evidence of pozzolanicity for all samples with varying reactivity with NPMC being the most reactive.

scholarly journals Use of Steel Industry Wastes for the Preparation of Self-Cleaning Mortars

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Balbuena ◽  
Luis Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Cruz-Yusta
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Lamination Process ◽  
Self Cleaning

An important problem, which must be solved, is the accumulation of industrial waste in landfills. Science has an obligation to transform this waste into new products and, if possible, with high added value. In this sense, we propose the valorization of the waste which is generated in the steel lamination process (HSL) through its conversion into a new material with photocatalytic activity which is suitable for use as an additive to obtain a self-cleaning construction material. The valorization of steel husk lamination waste is achieved through a grinding process, which allows the sample to be homogenized, in size, without altering its phase composition, and a thermal treatment that turns it into iron oxide, which acts as a photocatalyst. These residues, before and after treatment, were characterized by different techniques such as PXRD (Powder X-Ray Diffraction), TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), SBET (Specific surface area, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and Diffuse reflectance (DR). MB and RhB tests show that this material is capable of self-cleaning, both of the material itself and when it is incorporated into a construction material (mortar). In addition, the NOx gas elimination test shows that it is also capable of acting on greenhouse gases such as NOx.

scholarly journals Production of Acetyl Cellulose from Agricultural Waste of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2725-2728
Author(s):  
S.D. Yuwono ◽  
D.A. Iryani ◽  
C. Gusti ◽  
Suharto ◽  
Buhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

In Indonesia especially in Lampung Province, there are a lot of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as an organic material waste. OPEFB is relatively inexpensive lignocellulose material as raw material of cellulose acetate or acetyl cellulose. In a business to bigger added value out of these natural renewable materials, the production of the acetyl cellulose was performed well by the acetylation of cellulose from OPEFB using different methods. These were extensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the acetyl cellulose resulted showed similar properties to cotton acetyl cellulose. Degree of substitution of the resultant acetyl cellulose from different methods was improved from 1.86 to 2.60.

scholarly journals Extraction of alumina from alumina rich coal gangue by a hydro-chemical process

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 192132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quancheng Yang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xingjian Deng ◽  
Hongchen Guo ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Vast quantities of gangue from coal mining and processing have accumulated over the years and caused significant economic and environmental problems in China. For high added-value utilization of alumina rich coal gangue (ARCG), a mild hydro-chemical process was investigated to extract alumina. The influences of NaOH concentration, mass ratio of alkali to gangue, reaction temperature and reaction time were systematically studied. An alumina extraction rate of 94.68% was achieved at the condition of NaOH concentration 47.5%, alkali to gangue ratio of 6, reaction temperature of 260°C and reaction time of 120 min. The obtained leaching residues were characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer. Research confirmed that kaolinite the main alumina-bearing phase of ARCG can be decomposed and transformed to Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 6 (OH) 2 at relatively low temperature and short reaction time. Additionally, Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 6 (OH) 2 are unstable and will transform to alumina-free phase NaCaHSiO 4 under the optimal conditions, which is the major reason for high alumina extraction rates.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bi0.5(Na0.81K0.19)0.5TiO3 Ceramic Modified by KNbO3

2019 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Suchittra Inthong ◽  
Chatchai Kruae-In ◽  
Wuttikrai Thanomsiang ◽  
Suppanat Kosolwattana ◽  
Denis Russell Sweatman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Reaction Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Knoop Microhardness

This research reports the physical and mechanical properties of (1-x) Bi0.5(Na0.81K0.19)0.5TiO3-xKNbO3 (x=0.00-0.06) ceramics. The Modified Bi0.5(Na0.81K0.19)0.5TiO3 ceramics were synthesized by solid state reaction technique. The mixed oxides powders were calcined at 850 °C, 4 h and sintered at 1120 °C, 2 h to form pure phase perovskite and the optimum bulk density, respectively. The phase formation of the modified ceramic samples was determined by X-ray diffraction technique. All of the modified Bi0.5(Na0.81K0.19)0.5TiO3 ceramics exhibited a single perovskite phase. The bulk densities of the modified ceramic samples were 5.41±0.27-5.75±0.28 g/cm3 using the Archimedes’ method. The microstructure was revealed by the scanning electron microscope. The rectangular-like shape was found of all studied ceramics which had the grain size between 1.31±0.02-1.56±0.03 mm. The mechanical properties were studied by both Vickers and Knoop microhardness tester. The results are discussed in term of the relation among hardness properties, Young’s modulus, and fracture toughness.

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