scholarly journals Preparation and Application of Polyurethane Coating Material Based on Epoxy Cyclohexane Protective for Paper

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Shan-Shan Jin ◽  
Ying-Ping Qi ◽  
Yong-Feng Shen ◽  
Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Weak Stability ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
1Hnmr Spectroscopy ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Paper is important to most historical and cultural relics, however, these paper heritages are facing a crisis of disappearance, damage and aging. For increasing the paper strength, delaying the paper aging, and improving the weak stability and permeability of former resins used for paper, another material is necessary to be produced on preservation and protection of the paper items. The synthesis of epoxy cyclohexane polyetherpolyol was as follows: Epoxy cyclohexane was as the starting material, ethylene glycol was as the initiator, boron trifluoride ether was as catalyst, and dichloromethane was as the solvent. The synthesized homopolyether was characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy to determine the structure. Then the epoxy cyclohexane homopolyether reacted with the hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) trimer, and the polyurethane was obtained. With the tests of the physical and chemical properties of paper samples, it showed that the paper processed with 10% polyurethane liquid had excellent performance, the increase in the tensile strength was from 1105 to 2317 N/m, and the increase in the folding endurance was from 20 to 504 times. What’s more, the paper processed with 10% polyurethane liquid had good brightness and gloss. The results of the paper samples for the test have shown that the synthesized material simultaneously has the advantages of epoxy cyclohexane homopolyether and polyurethane, possessing excellent performance in paper reinforcement. Thus, the synthesized polyurethane material has broad application prospect in paper protection field.

scholarly journals Preparation and Application of Polyurethane Coating Material Based on Epoxycyclohexane-Epoxychloropropane Protective for Paper

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Shan-Shan Jin ◽  
Ying-Ping Qi ◽  
Yong-Feng Shen ◽  
Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Polyether Polyol ◽  
1Hnmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Tearing Strength ◽  
Cultural Relics

Paper historic relics are of great value to research and preserve. However, with the change of environment, paper cultural relics are constantly aging and damaged. Therefore, the reinforcement and conservation of the paper is an important topic in the field of cultural relics protection; thus, it is a crucial and arduous task to discover high-performance protective materials. The coating reinforcement method is a kind of commonsense method to strengthen the paper. Additionally, it is key to select appropriate reinforcing resins. Polyurethane has influence on the improvement of paper strength, stability, and appearance. The epoxycyclohexane-epoxychloropropane polyether polyol was prepared with epoxycyclohexane and epoxychloropropane as materials, glycerol as the initiator, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate as the catalyst, and dichloromethane as the solvent. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy were adopted to characterize the structure of the synthetic copolyether. Then, polyurethane based on epoxycyclohexane-epoxychloropropane was prepared by the synthetic copolyether reacting with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) trimer. The effect of the mass concentration of polyurethane on the tensile strength, elongation, folding endurance, and the tearing strength of paper samples were tested. When 10% polyurethane solution was applied to paper, not only were the mechanical properties greatly improved, but the gloss and brightness also changed slightly, which conformed to the principle of “repair as old”. The above results indicate that the synthetic polyurethane combines the advantages of epoxycyclohexane-poxychloropropane polyether polyol along with polyurethane, presenting excellent properties in paper reinforcement or conservation.

scholarly journals Preparation and Application of Polyurethane Coating Material Based on Epoxycyclohexane-Tetrahydrofuran in Paper Conservation

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Shan-Shan Jin ◽  
Ying-Ping Qi ◽  
Yong-Feng Shen ◽  
Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
The World ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Paper Conservation ◽  
1Hnmr Spectroscopy

Paper cultural heritages are valuable historical records and also abound in cultural resources. Due to its organic property, paper is susceptible to aging, destruction by environmental pollution and human factors. At present, many countries in the world are facing the problem of paper conservation. Coating reinforcement is one of the methods for paper conservation, in which the choice of reinforcing resin is key. A transparent polyurethane, based on epoxycyclohexane (CHO)-tetrahydrofuran (THF) copolyether, was adopted in this study. The ring-opening polymerization for generating the CHO-THF copolyether took place by the reactants CHO and THF, in the catalysis of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, initiation of glycerol. Characterizations of the synthetic copolyether were conducted by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy. The transparent polyurethane was then produced by the CHO-THF copolyether and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) trimer. The influences of different concentrations of polyurethane solution upon the paper tensile strength, elongation, folding endurance, tearing strength, gloss, and brightness were studied. These findings suggest that 10% polyurethane solution is optimal, not only for greatly improving the paper performance, but also for keeping with the principle of “repair as old”. The applied results demonstrate that the polyurethane based on the CHO-THF copolyether has the characteristics of copolyether along with polyurethane, displaying good mechanical properties in paper reinforcement.

scholarly journals EVALUASI TEKNIK PEMUTIHAN DALAM RESTORASI KERTAS ARSIP

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The objective of this research is to study the effects of bleaching on paper archives so the possibilities of bleaching techniques used in the restoration of archives will be known. Experiments were conducted on papers often used as the based material for the archives and archives that have hundreds years old age. Bleaching was done by soaking the solution of potassium permanganate and oxalic acid for fifteen minutes. Control papers and treated papers were analyzed for physical and chemical charasteristics, including physical condition, acid content, tear resistance and folding endurance. The effects of bleaching were known by comparing analysis results of control papers and treated papers. The results showed that the bleaching process on white paper made the color of paper darker, but on brown paper be whiter. Other results showed that bleaching process reduced the physical and chemical properties of paper and risky very much such as losing the letter on the paper, tearing, wrinkling/waving, uneven color and the emergence of new stains. The bleaching technique do not recommended for historical and national interest archives.Keywords: archives, bleaching, historical value, paper, stainsABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek pemutihan pada kertas arsip sehingga akan diketahui kemungkinan penerapan penggunaan teknik pemutihan dalam restorasi arsip. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap kertas yang sering digunakan sebagai bahan dasar arsip dan juga terhadap arsip yang telah berusia ratusan tahun. Pemutihan dilakukan dengan merendam kertas dalam larutan kalium permanganat dan asam oksalat selama lima belas menit. Kertas kontrol dan kertas yang diberi perlakuan pemutihan dianalisis dengan parameter fisik dan kimia meliputi kondisi fisik, kadar asam, ketahanan sobek dan ketahanan lipatnya. Efek dari pemutihan diketahui dari perbandingan hasil analisis terhadap kertas kontrol dengan kertas yang telah dilakukan proses pemutihan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pemutihan pada bahan kertas berwarna putih akan mengotori warna kertas dan membuat warna semakin gelap sedangkan proses pemutihan pada bahan kertas yang berwarna coklat akan membuat warna kertas menjadi lebih putih. Hasil lainnya menunjukkan proses pemutihan dapat menurunkan sifat fisika dan kimia kertas dan menimbulkan resiko yang sangat tinggi terhadap kertas yaitu hilangnya tulisan, robeknya kertas, timbulnya kerutan/gelombang, warna yang tidak merata serta timbulnya noda baru. Berdasarkan efek yang ditimbulkan pemutihan, maka kertas arsip yang bernilai kesejarahan dan memiliki kepentingan nasional tidak dianjurkan dilakukan proses pemutihan.Kata kunci: arsip, pemutihan, nilai sejarah, kertas, noda warna

scholarly journals CREATION, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKIL-2-((5-PHENETHYL-4-R-1,2,4- TRIAZOLE-3-YL)THIO)ACET(PROPAN,BENZ)IMIDATES

2019 ◽  
pp. 404-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGNATOVA TATYANA ◽  
KAPLAUSHENKO ANDRIY ◽  
NAGORNA NATALIYA, ◽  
AVRAMENKO ANTONINA
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Objective: The aim of this research was to synthesize and evaluate physical-chemical properties of 5-pheneyhyl-4-R-3-thio-1,2,4-triazole and to establish identity and structure of the synthesized compounds, namely alkil-2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acet(propan,benz)imidates. Methods: As starting materials for synthesis of alkil-2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acet(propan,benz)imidates, the corresponding 2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)aceto(propane,benzo)nitrile have been used. Synthesis has been set in the absolute alcohol medium (propanol or butanol alcohol) with chloroform, using the saturation with dry hydrogen chloride. Results: In this study, we have developed nine new compounds have been received as a result of synthetic transformations, the structure of synthesized compounds has been confirmed by modern complex of physical-chemical methods of analysis (1H NMR-spectroscopy, elemental analysis), and their individuality has been conducted on gas-liquid chromatograph Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC equipped with a mass spectrometer Agilent 6120. Conclusion: As a result of the work, it was synthesized the new compounds of the series of alkil-2-((5-phenethyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio) acet(propan,benz)imidates and was characterized by elemental analysis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis.

The Study on the Selectivity Ratio of SiC/Epoxy Resin Based on ICP Etching

2015 ◽  
Vol 645-646 ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Jiang Hu ◽  
Shun Zhou ◽  
Chang Long Cai ◽  
Yu Feng Zhu ◽  
Shuai Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Etching Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Selectivity Ratio ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Bias Power ◽  
Icp Etching ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

SiC molds have excellent performance for high-temperature molding optical lenses. The stable physical and chemical properties of SiC results in the difficulty of manufacture high precision SiC molds. Using etching method can manufacture SiC molds apace and accurately, which is used for Micro-embossing needs to study the suitable selectivity ratio of SiC and the anti-etch layer-epoxy resin. The etching gas is SF6 and O2. Under different ICP power, bias voltage, the gas mixing ratio and other parameters, it has studied the influence of various factors on the etching ratio, the etching rate and the etching quality. Experiments show that under the parameters of SF6 flow of 80sccm, O2 flow of 5sccm, ICP power of 1200w, bias power of 70w, temperature of 30 °C, and pressure of 30mTorr, the SiC etching rate is 246.44nm/min, and the epoxy etching rate is 616nm/min. The SiC/epoxy resin etching ratio is stable at 1:2.5. The roughness of SiC is 1.2nm (Sa= 1.2nm). The anisotropic of etching is good.

scholarly journals Correlation and modelling of the penetration and softening point tests of bitumen binders with a variety of physical and chemical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Marvy Girgis ◽  
Jérémie Barbier ◽  
Alain Quignard ◽  
Isabelle Merdrignac ◽  
João Marques
Keyword(s):  
Softening Point ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Studying bitumen has always posed a challenge to researchers owing to its extreme complexity and unique properties. To classify it commercially and to determine bitumen grade, two standard empirical tests have been adopted within the European standardized bitumen binders system [EN 12591:2009 (2009) Bitumen and bituminous binders – Specifications for paving grade bitumens]: Softening Point (SP) and Penetration (PEN). The relationship between these two tests and the physical or chemical properties of bitumen is not well understood. For the first time, this study represents an attempt to build more understanding of such a relationship through a comprehensive study of the correlation between the two standard tests and many physical and chemical properties of bitumen. A second goal is to propose some predictive models for these two tests and compare their predictive accuracy. Therefore, 13 Straight Run Vacuum Residues (SRVR) samples from different geographical origins were analyzed to measure the following parameters: Dynamic Viscosity (VisDy), Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR), C5 Asphaltenes Content (AspC5), C7 Asphaltenes Content (AspC7), Elemental Analysis (including C, H, O, N, S, Ni, and V content), Simulated Distillation (SD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR). Results of studying correlations using correlation matrix and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have emphasized the prominent effect of asphaltenes content on the other properties and the results of SP and PEN. It has also shown the potential importance of the aliphaticity/aromaticity of bitumen. Then, four models were proposed for the prediction of SP and PEN: viscosity, FT-IR, H-NMR, and multi-parameter models. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used for building all models, except viscosity ones. All SP models, except H-NMR model, exhibited very good accuracy compared to the standard method. On the other hand, PEN was more difficult to predict than SP and only the multi-parameter model of PEN showed relatively good accuracy of prediction.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

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