scholarly journals Selected Aspects of Pavement Texture Influence on Tire Rolling Resistance

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Jerzy Ejsmont ◽  
Slawomir Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Profile Depth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Descriptor

Tire rolling resistance has a significant influence on fuel consumption in cars and trucks and on CO2 emissions. Rolling resistance depends on the tire construction, pavement texture and stiffness, as well as environmental and traffic conditions. This article presents a pilot study on the impact of pavement texture on the rolling resistance of passenger car tires. Reasons why Mean Profile Depth is not a good descriptor of pavement characteristics from the point of view of rolling resistance are presented, and an experimental method which takes into account tire deformation on texture and partial enveloping is described. A method based on testing the volume and depth of tire tread deformation is also proposed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eco-Driving Training for Fuel Efficiency and Emissions Reduction According to Road Type

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Alessandra Boggio-Marzet
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Road Type ◽  
The Impact

Eco-driving is becoming more widespread as individual car-use behaviour is a cost-effective way of improving vehicle fuel economy and reducing CO2 emissions. The literature shows a wide range of efficiencies as a result of eco-driving, depending on route selection, traffic characteristic, road slope, and the specific impact evaluation method. This paper follows this line of research and assesses the impact of an eco-driving training programme on fuel savings and reduction of CO2 emissions in a well-designed field trial, focusing on the specific impacts according to road type. The methodology includes a comprehensive trial on different types of road sections under various traffic conditions; a processed dataset using R codes to integrate, clean, and process all the information collected; and a systematic method to evaluate the overall and specific impacts of eco-driving. The final results show a general fuel saving after eco-driving training of up to an average of 6.3% regardless of fuel and road type. Driving performance, as represented by selected parameters (average and maximum RPM, average and maximum speed, aggressive acceleration/deceleration), changed significantly after the training. The highest fuel savings are achieved on major arterial road sections with a certain number of roundabouts and pedestrian crossings. This work contributes to an understanding of the key factors for eco-driving efficiency according to road type under real traffic conditions. It offers greater insights for policymakers in road transport planning and for drivers when applying eco-driving techniques.

scholarly journals H.L.A. Hart's secondary rules: what do ‘officials’ really think?

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
David Howarth ◽  
Shona Wilson Stark
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Point ◽  
Chief Executives ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The Concept Of Law ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of H.L.A. Hart'sThe Concept of Lawon modern legal thinking is undisputed. But does it reflect the reality of the way British institutions work? InConcept,Hart argued, amongst other things, that one of two ‘minimum conditions necessary and sufficient for the existence of a legal system’ was that ‘its rules of recognition specifying the criteria of legal validity and its rules of change and adjudication must be effectively accepted as common public standards of official behaviour by its officials’. In this paper, we begin the process of testing that statement empirically. Specifically, we ask whether non-judicial UK officials have a uniform view of what the rules of recognition, change and adjudication are, and whether they uniformly take an internal point of view towards them (i.e. whether they accept the rules and do not merely obey them). By way of a pilot study, thirty non-judicial UK officials were interviewed. Those officials comprised currently serving and retired senior civil servants, senior military officials, chief constables and local authority chief executives. The findings of the pilot study are presented in this paper. They allow us to deduce that Hart's statement might well be an inaccurate and incomplete description of the modern British constitution, and to comment on the implications of that conclusion.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Water-Energy-Food-Land Requirements and CO2 Emissions for Food Security of Rice in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Makoto Taniguchi ◽  
Rabi Mohtar ◽  
Jin-Yong Choi ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of rice-based food security on water, energy, land, and CO2 emissions from a holistic point of view using the Nexus approach, which analyzes tradeoffs between water, energy, and food management. In Japan, both rice consumption and the area harvested for rice have decreased. Maintaining a high self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) in rice production is an important aspect of food security in Japan, impacting the management of key resources, such as water, energy, and land. This study has, therefore, assessed the impact of various SSRs on rice production, focusing on consumption and land-use trends. First, the rice production SSR is predicted to drop to 87% by 2025 within the logarithmic trend of rice consumption and the polynomial trend line of the harvested area of rice. This reflects the fact that rice production is expected to decline more steeply than consumption between 2016 and 2025. Second, this study sets the SSRs for rice in 2025 between 80% and 100%, reflecting a range of low-to-high food security levels. In comparison with the 2016 baseline, about 0.70 × 10 6 additional tons of rice will be produced. Achieving a rice production SSR of 100% will require 10,195 × 10 6 m3 more of water and 23.31 × 10 6 GJ more of energy. Furthermore, an additional 283,000 tons of CO2 will be emitted in 2025, as more energy is used. By contrast, an 80% rice production SSR scenario would save 1482 × 10 6 m3 of water and 3.39 × 10 6 GJ of energy, as well as making a 398,000-ton reduction in CO2 emissions in 2015. A lower SSR would have a positive impact on resource management but a negative impact on food security. It would also reduce the income and economic status of farmers. It is, therefore, important to consider the tradeoffs between food security and resource savings in order to achieve sustainable water, energy, food, and land management in Japan.

scholarly journals Carbon footprint as a marker of environmental impact in patients included in a remote monitoring pacemaker programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Perez Diaz ◽  
J Jimenez Diaz ◽  
F Higuera Sobrino ◽  
M C Bastante Diaz ◽  
E Campos Perez De Madrid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Monitoring Programme ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background When patients fitted with pacemakers have to attend arrhythmia appointments, this often involves their caregivers having to take time off work, along with an increase in spending on transport and the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere (carbon footprint). The remote monitoring of pacemakers implemented at our Arrhythmia Unit reduces the social, occupational, financial and environmental impact. Purpose We describe the impact of remote monitoring of pacemaker implemented by our Arrhythmia Unit in our patient's live and the reduction in social, occupational and financial impact on these patients, and we quantify the decrease in CO2 emissions. Methods Prospective observational study including 160 patients on the remote monitoring programme between 2016 and 2017. We handed a satisfaction survey to these patients after the face-to-face monitoring appointment, which analysed variables such as waiting time, attention and treatment received, need for accompaniment of a relative, method of travel and kilometres travelled, etc. Finally, we quantified the carbon footprint of each patient's journey and compared the level to the results if all the monitoring appointments had been in person. Results Patients spent a median of 60±30 minutes in remote monitoring, with a distance travelled of 1.4±4.9 km. In face-to-face appointments, most patients were accompanied (85.6%) and arrived by private car (66.3%), with 54% of family members needing to take time off work. The median time spent was 150±120 minutes, and the distance travelled was 63±105 km. The carbon footprint emitted by individuals included in the remote monitoring programme was 138±114, with an estimated saving of 15±33 kg of CO2 (9.6%) per remote monitoring cycle (Figure 1). Conclusions The remote monitoring pacemaker programme in the health district of our city has a very positive healthcare, social-occupational and environmental impact, which is manifested both from an objective point of view (greater independence, less time spent per appointment, less distance travelled, fewer healthcare transport needs, less workplace absenteeism by family members and approximately a 10% reduction in CO2 emissions per monitoring cycle) and a subjective point of view (lower impact of appointments on patients' lives and greater perception of satisfaction from the patients and their companions). FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Pilot Study: The Impact of Yoga on Health

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle V. Shelov ◽  
Sonia Suchday ◽  
Jennifer P. Friedberg
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
The Impact

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ КОНКУРСІВ ТА ПРЕМІЙ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
O. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Literary Prizes ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>In this study, I have collected and summarized the functional aspects of a literary prize, contest, and rating, which indicate their affiliation with the marketing complex of the publishing house for the first time. For this purpose, I have analyzed and summarized the common concepts of the functioning of literary prizes and contests as advertising tools for publishing activity. Because the previous studies are only focused on the fact of the impact of the prize on the promotion of editions but do not explain it, these aspects have been considered and introduced by me from the book production’s point of view. I investigated that the prizes and the contests in the literary field are effective marketing tools, which meet many publisher’s needs at the same time and can be considered a non-profit form of capital. I have reviewed the works of other authors, who accept that the economic success of the book is rising if the author is a winner of the literary prize or contest. I have found out that the book prize activates the demand for the book, and the literary contest is a tool to track the reader’s reaction to a future publication. In this way, literary prizes and contests can be considered as a way of conducting a marketing dialogue with the target audience. I have focused on the information support of literary national and international prizes and contests by the media, which attracts attention to the book and forms the reader’s interest. The literary prizes and contests are also considered as a way of exploring trends and their changes, familiarization the popular genres among the target audience and fixation the current choice of modern readers. Literary prizes and contests motivate the authors to improve their literary excellence, are the source of new authors and works, and assist in increasing sales of books. However, further research is recommended.</em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book prize, book rating, literary contest, literary prize, functions of the literary prizes.</em>

On the Impact of Aptness, Conventionality and Familiarity on Metaphor Processing from a Meta-analytical Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-106
Author(s):  
Csilla Rákosi
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
Metaphor Processing ◽  
The Impact

Psycholinguistic research into metaphor processing is burdened with empirical problems as experiments provide diverging evidence on the impact of conventionality, familiarity and aptness, and with conceptual issues as the interpretation and operationalization of the three concepts mentioned, as well as the related predictions which can be drawn from theories of metaphor processing, are controversial in the literature. This paper uses tools of statistical meta-analysis in order to bring us closer to the solution of these problems and reveal future lines of research.

ANALISIS DETERMINAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERIODE 1999-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Ersalina Tang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
World Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electric Consumption, and Meat Consumption on CO2 emissions of 41 countries in the world using panel data from 1999 to 2013. After analyzing 41 countries in the world data, furthermore 17 countries in Asia was analyzed with the same period. This study utilized quantitative approach with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. The results of 41 countries in the world data indicates that Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, and Meat Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities which measured by CO2 emissions. Whilst the results of 17 countries in Asia data implies that Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption, and Electric Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities. However, Gross Domestic Product and Meat Consumption does not affect Environmental Qualities.

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