scholarly journals Degradation Mechanisms Occurring in PTFE-Based Coatings Employed in Food-Processing Applications

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Alfredo Rondinella ◽  
Francesco Andreatta ◽  
Daniele Turrin ◽  
Lorenzo Fedrizzi
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Polymer Filler ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The application of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coatings to metal surfaces is a well-known procedure carried out to avoid fouling phenomena on food-processing surfaces. Fluorine-based polymers are generally chemically and thermally stable, thus allowing them to be the preferred choice when designing anti-stick coatings in the food service industry. Their lifespan, however, depends on the environmental conditions. It is well known that thermal ageing can affect the properties of PTFE polymers and reduce their mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties causing failures and contaminating food. The main goal of the study is to identify the different failure mechanisms occurring in PTFE-based coatings, using both SEM/EDXS and ATR FT-IR data to reveal the starting point of degradation phenomena in food processing applications. The results from this research reveal that the preferential points for failures are mainly the polymer/substrate interfaces, the polymer/filler interfaces, or the polymer matrix itself.

Linking food safety training with whistle-blowing

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heyao Yu ◽  
Sujata A. Sirsat ◽  
Jack A. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Whistle Blowing ◽  
Food Safety Training ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a validated food safety whistle-blowing scale and examine how training influences food handlers’ whistle-blowing, the mediating roles of job satisfaction and food safety self-efficacy and the moderating roles of organization type and gender. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 734 food handlers from the food service industry and 306 food handlers from the food processing industry were recruited. A two-step psychometric process was conducted to validate the scale, and a moderated mediation model was used to examine the mechanisms through which food safety training influences whistle-blowing. Findings The results showed that job satisfaction and self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between training and whistle-blowing. Organization type moderated the first step of the two indirect paths and gender moderated the second step, thereby supporting the mediated-moderated model. Practical implications The results indicate the influence of food safety training programs on whistle-blowing behaviors and suggest other methods of enhancing employee whistle-blowing through human resource management. Originality/value A validated scale is lacking to measure whistle-blowing in the food safety context, and little research has examined the influence of human resource practices on whistle-blowing. This study provides meaningful insights for researchers by developing and validating food safety the whistle-blowing scale, connecting training with whistle-blowing, and provides useful information for practitioners by offering the methods of enhancing whistleblowing in both the food processing and food service industry.

scholarly journals Effects of pyrolysis parameters on the yield and properties of biochar from pelletized sunflower husk

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wystalska ◽  
Krystyna Malińska ◽  
Renata Włodarczyk ◽  
Olga Chajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pyrolysis of biomass residues from agriculture and food processing industry allows production of biochars with diverse physical and chemical properties for a wide range of applications in agriculture and environmental protection. Biochars produced from pelletized sunflower husks through slow pyrolysis in the range of temperatures (480–580°C) showed total carbon of 70.53%–81.96%, total nitrogen of 1.2%, alkaline pH (9.37–10.32), low surface area (0.93–2.91 m2 g-1) and porosity of 13.23–15.43%. Higher pyrolysis temperatures resulted in lower biochar yields. With the increase in temperature the content of organic matter, nitrogen, Ca and Mg decreased whereas the increase in temperature resulted in higher contents of total carbon and phosphorus. Produced biochars showed potential for agricultural applications.

Extraction of Essential Oil from Sedap malam Flower (Polianthes tuberosa) Using Methanol Solvent

2021 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Suharno Rusdi ◽  
Farida Imtiyaz ◽  
Nopia Denvil Wulandari ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Simple Distillation ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The objectives of this study are to obtain essential oil from Sedap Malam (Tuberose) flower via extraction method and to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the essential oil produced, such as density, rendement, and chemical composition. The extraction process was carried out by using methanol solvent. The ratio between Sedap Malam flower and the methanol solvent was 1:5. After the extraction process of the essential oil finished, the essential oil and the solvent were separated via a simple distillation process. The collected essential oil was then characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) apparatus and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) analysis to investigate the content of the essential oil extracted from Sedap Malam flower. The physical characterization results showed that the essential oil has average rendement value of 12.605 % and density value of 1.0905 g/mL. Additionally, organoleptic test was carried to test the response of respondents toward the color and odor/fragrance of the essential oil extracted from Sedap Malam flower. Most of the responses were included in categories of “Like” and “Really like”. Additionally, for the fragrance, most of response of the respondents for all the four samples of essential oil were in category of “Really like”.

Enhancement of Cu(II) adsorption on activated carbons by non-thermal plasma modification in O2, N2 and O2/N2 atmospheres

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Wu ◽  
Yimeng Cai ◽  
Jiayong Tu ◽  
Shizhe Wang ◽  
Noriyuki Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plasma Modification ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) was modified by using non-thermal plasma in O2, N2 and O2/N2 atmospheres to increase its Cu(II) adsorption capacity and quantify the influences of the modifying atmospheres. SEM, BET, FT-IR and XPS were used to characterize the surface physical and chemical properties of AC. The results show that the AC modified by using plasma had significantly better Cu(II) adsorption performance than the raw AC. Among the O2, N2 and O2/N2 atmospheres, the AC with plasma modification in N2 showed best Cu(II) adsorption performance and the Cu(II) adsorption capacity was 369.5% higher than the raw AC. The AC modified in O2 atmosphere can form C—COOH groups, while the AC modified in N2 atmosphere can form C—NH2 groups. These two groups are both beneficial for Cu(II) adsorption, where the —NH2 groups are more effective for Cu(II) adsorption compared to —COOH groups. The chemisorption dominated the Cu(II) adsorption on the plasma modified AC and the adsorption performance was dependent on the surface functional groups properties of AC.

Measurement of Radiative Properties of Ash and Slag by FT-IR Emission and Reflection Spectroscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Markham ◽  
P. E. Best ◽  
P. R. Solomon ◽  
Z. Z. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Reflection Spectroscopy ◽  
Sample Heating ◽  
Heating Device ◽  
Spectral Emittance ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ir Emission ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This article presents laboratory measurements of the radiative properties of ash and slag deposits that have been extracted from combustion devices. The measurements were made by a technique employing a sample heating device that is coupled to a Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer to measure the sample’s emission and directional-hemispherical reflection. By this technique, the temperature at the measurement point and the spectral emittance of the surface are both obtained. These measurements are then related to the physical and chemical properties of the surface to determine what controls the radiative properties. The measurements have shown that the physical state of a deposit (i.e., fused, sintered, or packed particles) greatly influenced the measured spectral emittance. The results were in agreement with mathematical models that account for the physical properties.

Morphology, Thermal and Chemical Properties of Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC) Hydrolyzed from Banana Stem

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Norbaya Kasa ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Omar ◽  
Ismarul Nizam
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Natural Cellulose ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Banana Stem ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Banana stem (BS) was used as the natural cellulose source. It must undergo an alkali treatment and bleaching process before continuing with an acid hydrolysis. Then, the Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was synthesized via acid hydrolysis with four different concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at 50 %, 52 %, 54 % and 56 % respectively at 50 0C for 1 hour. The influence of acid concentration of morphology, thermal and chemical properties of the NCC was studied in this project. The morphology dimension of the NCC was determined by using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and thermal stability of the NCC was determined by using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Chemical composition and structural analysis were measured by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

scholarly journals Study of the structural and mechanical properties of biopolymers in order to obtain a capsule-type product

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-252
Author(s):  
A. Y. Sokolov ◽  
D. I. Shishkina
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Artificial Food ◽  
Gel Layer ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Entire Thickness ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Stable Flow

The article presents some theoretical and experimental data on promising technologies, namely, the processes of obtaining artificial food materials such as spheres or "caviar". They are derived from molecular processes: solubilization, spherification, etc. Possible applications are the food industry, the food service industry, biotechnology, and others. There are different features of obtaining artificial products based on alginates. The peculiarities of the alginate structuring are that it is possible to form a gel layer-encapsulation and gel formation over the entire thickness of the product due to the special chemical properties of the fixing salt. Based on the theory of the molecular structure of biopolymers, molecular technologies for the synthesis of artificial food products were developed, using the example of molecular "caviar". As a result of our own experiments, we obtained a satisfactory encapsulated product from a biopolymer crosslinked with Ca2+ salts in terms of organoleptic and physico-chemical properties. The colloidal biopolymer solution for forming "eggs" was characterized using the method of rotational viscometry, which showed the features of the sodium alginate solution as a structured thixotropic material, which is characterized by" difficulty " of shear at low speeds of rotation of the viscometer rotor. Further on the rheogram, such material exhibits a predicted relatively stable flow. As a result, it can be used to produce semi-finished products of a given shape and texture as a food semi-finished product or product. If the technology is refined, it is possible to use colloidal systems based on alginates and other biopolymers in biotechnology, including the cultivation of microorganisms of various taxonomic groups.

INVESTIGATION ON INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION IN SUPERSATURATION STATE OF CADMIUM SULPHATE MIXED ZINC tris-THIOUREA SULPHATE SOLUTIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1450002 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. MULEY ◽  
A. B. NAIK ◽  
A. B. GAMBHIRE
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Intermolecular Interaction ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Adiabatic Compressibility ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Zinc tris-thiourea sulphate (ZTS) is a well known nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal widely used for various NLO applications. The NLO, physical and chemical properties can be modified by adding impurities and/or modifying crystal growth conditions. The impurities present in the growth solution and growth conditions can affect the crystal growth parameters at great extent. Thus, the study on the nature of intermolecular interaction with the dopant in the solution during crystal growth process becomes important. In the present investigation, the ultrasonic velocity was measured in the aqueous solutions of pure and cadmium sulphate mixed ZTS in the supersaturation state at 313.15 K. The thermodynamic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, inter molecular free length, acoustic impedance and relative associations have been calculated from the ultrasonic data and densities of water and solutions at 313.15 K, and the nature of intermolecular interaction has been discussed. FT-IR spectra of all mixtures in the solid form at room temperature were recorded and the shifts in the absorption peaks corresponding to the functional groups of ZTS have been reported.

SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL NANOSTRUCTURED LANTHANUM COBALT FERRITE MIXED METAL OXIDES BY SOL–GEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350007
Author(s):  
V. MARY TERESITA ◽  
V. JESEENTHARANI ◽  
B. AVILA JOSEPHINE ◽  
S. ARUL ANTONY
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mixed Metal ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Properties of nanoscale materials are very interesting and these are either comparable to or superior to those of bulk. These materials are interesting due to their exciting size dependent optical, electronic, magnetic, thermal, mechanical and chemical properties. Different mole ratios of nanostructured mixed metal oxides of LaCo x Fe 1-x O 3-δ (x = 0 to 1) were prepared by the sol–gel method by varying the mole ratios of iron and cobalt substrates. The compounds were sintered for 700°C in the tubular furnace for 8 h. The purity of the compounds was analyzed by TG-DTA. The compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were employed to study the structural phases, vibrational frequencies, surface morphology of the highest humidity sensing compounds.

Effect of the Addition of CeO2 to Iron Phosphate Glass for Catalytic Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 8010-8015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Yeop Chung ◽  
Jong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Su-Yeon Choi ◽  
Bong-Ki Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Network Modifier ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
And Chemical Properties

We investigated the effect of CeO2 content on the catalytic behavior and chemical properties of the (100?x)(80P2O5–20Fe2O3)–xCeO2 (x = 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 wt%) glass system. Using thermogravimetric analysis, we confirmed that the catalytic activity increased until a CeO2 content of 16 wt%, beyond which, it decreased. The reasons for the change in the catalytic properties of the glass samples were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density analyses. It was confirmed using the FT-IR and XPS-O1s spectra that CeO2 acts as a network modifier in iron phosphate glass. When the CeO2 content is above 16 wt%, the number of non-bridging oxygen atoms decreases with increasing CeO2 content. For these reasons, the catalytic properties decrease when the CeO2 content is more than16 wt%. From the dissolution rate measurements, it can be observed that cerium-iron phosphate has a high water resistance. Also, as we expected, it can be confirmed that the chemical durability is improved with increasing CeO2 content.

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