scholarly journals Scale Formation and Degradation of Diffusion Coatings Deposited on 9% Cr Steel in Molten Solar Salt

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceyhun Oskay ◽  
Tobias M. Meißner ◽  
Carmen Dobler ◽  
Benjamin Grégoire ◽  
Mathias C. Galetz
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Alumina Scales ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Solar Salt ◽  
Diffusion Coatings ◽  
Highly Porous

The employment of ferritic-martensitic steels e.g., P91, as structural materials in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants can significantly increase cost-efficiency. However, their application is strongly restricted by their lower corrosion resistance in molten nitrates, compared to austenitic steels or Ni-based alloys. In this study, Cr-, Al-, and Cr/Al-diffusion coatings were deposited on P91 via pack cementation in order to improve its scaling behavior in molten solar salt (MSS). The corrosion behavior of coated specimens was investigated with respect to uncoated P91 in MSS at 600 °C for up to 1000 h. The exposure in MSS resulted in a thick, highly porous, and multi-layered oxide scale on uncoated P91 consisting of hematite, magnetite, and sodium ferrite. On the other hand, the scale grown on the chromized P91 comprised of a thin Cr-rich inner layer, which shifted breakaway to prolonged exposure durations. The aluminized specimens both formed very thin, highly protective alumina scales with localized protrusions.

Improving the corrosion resistance of ferritic-martensitic steels at 600 °C in molten solar salt via diffusion coatings

2021 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 111105
Author(s):  
Tobias M. Meißner ◽  
Ceyhun Oskay ◽  
Alexander Bonk ◽  
Benjamin Grégoire ◽  
Alexander Donchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Solar Salt ◽  
Diffusion Coatings

scholarly journals STUDIES ON SALT ACTION

1925 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Howard J. Shaughnessy ◽  
Katharine I. Criswell
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Migration Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Complete Reversal ◽  
Locke Solution ◽  
Optimum Reaction

1. The strain of Bacterium coli used in these experiments multiplies in distilled water at pH 6.0 and pH 8.0 and in Ringer-Locke solution at pH 6.0. Under all the other conditions studied the numbers decrease with the passage of time. 2. The electrophoretic charge of the cells is highest in distilled water at pH 6.0 and pH 8.0. Under all other conditions studied the velocity of migration is decreased, but the decrease is immediate and is not affected by more prolonged exposure. 3. A strongly acid solution (pH 2.0) causes a rapid death of the cells and a sharp decrease in electrophoretic charge, sometimes leading to complete reversal. 4. A strongly alkaline solution (pH 11.0) is almost as toxic as a strongly acid one, although in distilled water the organisms survive fairly well at this reaction. Electrophoretic charge, on the other hand, is only slightly reduced in such an alkaline medium. 5. In distilled water, reactions near the neutral point are about equally favorable to both viability and electrophoretic charge, pH 8.0 showing slightly greater multiplication and a slightly higher charge than pH 11.0. In the presence of salts, however, pH 8.0 is much less favorable to viability and somewhat more favorable to electrophoretic charge than is pH 6.0. 6. Sodium chloride solutions, in the concentrations studied, all proved somewhat toxic and all tended to depress electrophoretic charge. Very marked toxicity was, however, exhibited only in a concentration of .725 M strength or over and at pH 8.0, while electrophoretic migration velocity was only slightly decreased at a concentration of .0145 M strength. 7. Calcium chloride was more toxic than NaCl, showing very marked effects in .145 M strength at pH 8.0 and in 1.45 M strength at pH 6.0. It greatly depressed electrophoretic charge even in .0145 M concentration. 8. Ringer-Locke solution proved markedly stimulating to the growth of the bacteria at pH 6.0 while at pH 8.0 it was somewhat toxic, though less so than the solutions of pure salts. It depressed migration velocity at all pH values, being more effective than NaCl in this respect, but less effective than CaCl2. 9. It would appear from these experiments that a balanced salt solution (Ringer-Locke's) may be distinctly favorable to bacterial viability in water at an optimum reaction while distinctly unfavorable in a slightly more alkaline solution. 10. Finally, while there is a certain parallelism between the influence of electrolytes upon viability and upon electrophoretic charge, the parallelism is not a close one and the two effects seem on the whole to follow entirely different laws.

scholarly journals Added Value Improvement on Arabica Coffee Wet Process MethodUsing Model Kemitraan Bermediasi (Motramed) on Unit Pengolahan Hasil at Ngada Residence - NTT

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Soemarno ◽  
Surip Mawardi ◽  
Maspur Maspur ◽  
Henik Prayuginingsih
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Taste Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Is Implementation ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Sample Test

Ngada Residence is main producen region Arabica coffee in Nusa Tenggara Timur province. There are scattered on district of Bajawa and Golewa, that all of them effort by farmers and low quality, so farmers get low price and coffee development slowly than other coffee region in Indonesia. But, on the other hand, Arabica coffee from this region have potential special taste to be export quality coffee beans. One of way to solve to develop this quality is implementation coffee processing by Wet Process methode and support marketing system better by Model Kemitraan Bermediasi (Motramed). This research started from June until October 2007 at two centre district of Arabica coffee, there are district Bajawa are UPH Fa Masa on Beiwali village, UPH Wonga Wali on Susu village, UPH Papa Taki on Bomari village, UPH Suka Maju on Ubedolumolo village and Kecamatan Golewa are UPH Papa Wiu on Mangulewa village, UPH Meza Mogo on Rakateda II village and UPH Ate Riji on Were I village. This research want to know added value, cost efficiency, and profit on Arabica coffee processing used wet process methode on Unit Pengolahan Hasil (UPH) at Ngada Residence. Data was analysed by approximation added value, R-C Ratio analisys and t-One Sample Test. The result showed that Arabica coffee wet process could improved phisic and taste quality, lower of beans size, higher quality grade, smaller defect beans, moisture content lower, had special taste and very few taste defect. Those quality improvement improved price market to be higher, the added value about Rp4,390,- per kg and improved profit for farmers.Key words : Arabica coffee, wet process, quality, added value, efisiency, revenue.

scholarly journals The Possible Role of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 on Locomotor Activity and Oxidative Stress in a Rotenone-Induced Zebrafish Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie ◽  
Emanuela Paduraru ◽  
Madalina-Andreea Robea ◽  
Ioana-Miruna Balmus ◽  
Roxana Jijie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group

Background. As every organ within the body, the brain is also extremely susceptible to a plethora of noxious agents that change its chemistry. One component frequently found in current products against harmful species to crops is rotenone whose effect under prolonged exposure has been demonstrated to cause neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. The latest reports have indeed revealed that rotenone promotes Parkinson’s in humans, but studies aiming to show congruent effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) are lacking. Material and Methods. In this context, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate how chronic administration of rotenone for 3 weeks impairs the locomotor activity and sociability and induces oxidative stress in zebrafish. Results. There were no statistically significant differences following the analysis of their social interaction and locomotor tests ( p > 0.05 ). However, several exceptions have been noted in the control, rotenone, and probiotics groups when we compared their locomotor activity during the pretreatment and treatment interval ( p < 0.05 ). We further assessed the role of rotenone in disturbing the detoxifying system as represented by three enzymes known as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Despite the fact that there were no statistically significant changes within SOD and GPx levels between the control group and rotenone, probiotics, and rotenone + probiotics ( p > 0.05 ), relevant changes have been observed between the analyzed groups ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.005 , respectively). On the other hand, significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) have been observed for MDA when we analyzed the data between the control group and the other three groups. Conclusions. Our results suggest that rotenone can be successfully used to trigger Parkinson’s disease-related symptomatology in zebrafish.

Development of novel diffusion coatings for 9-12 % Cr ferritic-martensitic steels

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 874-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rohr ◽  
M. Schütze ◽  
E. Fortuna ◽  
D.N. Tsipas ◽  
A. Milewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Diffusion Coatings

scholarly journals Surface Roughness and Porosity of Hydrated Cement Pastes

10.14311/1374 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ficker ◽  
D. Martišek ◽  
H. M. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
Surface Irregularity ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
The One ◽  
Highly Porous

. Seventy-eight graphs were plotted to describe and analyze the dependences of the height and roughness irregularities on the water-to-cement ratio and on the porosity of the cement hydrates. The results showed unambiguously that the water-to-cement ratio or equivalently the porosity of the specimens has a decisive influence on the irregularities of the fracture surfaces of this material. The experimental results indicated the possibility that the porosity or the value of the water-to-cement ratio might be inferred from the height irregularities of the fracture surfaces. It was hypothesized that there may be a similarly strong correlation between porosity and surface irregularity, on the one hand, and some other highly porous solids, on the other, and thus the same possibility to infer porosity from the surfaces of their fracture remnants.

Rheology of Solar-Salt based nanofluids for concentrated solar power. Influence of the salt purity, nanoparticle concentration, temperature and rheometer geometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 357-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Muñoz-Sánchez ◽  
Javier Nieto-Maestre ◽  
Elisabetta Veca ◽  
Raffaele Liberatore ◽  
Salvatore Sau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Power ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Solar Salt

THE EFFECT UPON BACTERIAL SURVIVAL OF SANITIZER RESIDUES ON A SOILED SURFACE

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
A. G. Leggatt
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Bacterial Survival

A method is described in which bacteria are brought into contact with sanitized films of sterile skimmilk. Five different commercial sanitizers at six concentrations were used and tested against five strains of bacteria. None of the sanitizers was found to be significantly effective for rendering milk films bactericidal at the 0.01% level of application. The iodophore and quaternary ammonium compound tried were found to be the most effective by producing bactericidal conditions at the 0.1% level of application and the hypochlorites appeared the least potent. The activity of chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate appeared to be influenced to a greater extent by the Gram type of the bacteria than the other sanitizing agents. Prolonged exposure of the bacteria enhanced the destructive influence of all five sanitizers.

scholarly journals Dynamic corrosion testing of metals in solar salt for concentrated solar power

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 111331
Author(s):  
Florian Sutter ◽  
Ceyhun Oskay ◽  
Mathias Christian Galetz ◽  
Teresa Diamantino ◽  
Fátima Pedrosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Power ◽  
Corrosion Testing ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Solar Salt

High Pressure Fatigue Testing of 160 KSI Yield Strength Stainless Steel Tubing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Koerner ◽  
Waldemar Hiller ◽  
Rolf Wink ◽  
Henrich Strackerjahn ◽  
Matthias Goeken
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
Water Jet Cutting ◽  
Pressure Tubing ◽  
Recent Developments

High pressure processes like water-jet cutting, hydroforming or LDPE production require high pressure tubing with nominal sizes of 2 to 90 mm for pressures of up to 4,000 bar. The most common materials for these applications are either cold drawn austenitic steels type 304 / 316 or low alloy martensitic steels from the A723 series. Recent developments in material technology made it possible to increase the yield strength of the cold drawn austenitic steel from 700 MPa to 1100 MPa maintaining high toughness values, even for relatively large tube sizes. This steel grade, referred to as “HP160” (nitrogen strengthened 21Cr 10Ni 3Mn 2.5Mo stainless steel), is now increasingly being utilised in the high pressure industry. In this paper the fatigue performance of HP160 under pulsating internal pressure will be compared to fatigue results from conventional steels. The results will also be compared with the requirements of the ASME high pressure code Section VIII Division 3.

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